Download or read book Refusal to Deal written by Christophe Humpe and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how Article 82 of the EC Treaty (prohibiting the abuse of a dominant position) should be applied to refusal to supply cases. As a starting point, and for the sake of clarification, this paper explains (a) why the antitrust analysis of refusals to supply customers differs from the analysis of refusals to supply competitors (Part II), and (b) why a distinction must also be made between unilateral and concerted refusals to supply (Part III). The paper then deals with unilateral refusals to supply competitors. In this connection, there are two preliminary issues, namely (a) whether a distinction should be made between a first-time refusal to supply and the termination of an existing supply relationship; and (b) whether a distinction should be made between refusal to deal involving tangible property rights and refusal to licence IPRs. These issues are addressed in Part IV and Part V respectively. Part VI considers the respective merits of the various possible ways to apprehend unilateral refusals to supply under Article 82 (per se legality v. rule of reason approach v. the screens approach v. the exhaustive checklist approach). In Part VII an attempt is made to formulate a multi-pronged legal test. Part VIII briefly deals with the relationship between refusal to supply abuses and other types of potentially abusive conduct under Article 82. Finally, Part IX concludes by making a number of recommendations.
Download or read book EU Competition Law Data Protection and Online Platforms Data as Essential Facility written by Inge Graef and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All are agreed that the digital economy contributes to a dynamic evolution of markets and competition. Nonetheless, concerns are increasingly raised about the market dominance of a few key players. Because these companies hold the power to drive rivals out of business, regulators have begun to seek scope for competition enforcement in cases where companies claim that withholding data is needed to satisfy customers and cut costs. This book is the first focus on how competition law enforcement tools can be applied to refusals of dominant firms to give access data on online platforms such as search engines, social networks, and e-commerce platforms – commonly referred to as the ‘gatekeepers’ of the Internet. The question arises whether the denial of a dominant firm to grant competitors access to its data could constitute a ‘refusal to deal’ and lead to competition law liability under the so-called ‘essential facilities doctrine', according to which firms need access to shared knowledge in order to be able to compete. A possible duty to share data with rivals also brings to the forefront the interaction of competition law with data protection legislation considering that the required information may include personal data of individuals. Building on the refusal to deal concept, and using a multidisciplinary approach, the analysis covers such issues and topics as the following: – data portability; – interoperability; – data as a competitive advantage or entry barrier in digital markets; – market definition and dominance with respect to data; – disruptive versus sustaining innovation; – role of intellectual property regimes; – economic trade-off in essential facilities cases; – relationship of competition enforcement with data protection law and – data-related competition concerns in merger cases. The author draws on a wealth of relevant material, including EU and US decision-making practice, case law, and policy documents, as well as economic and empirical literature on the link between competition and innovation. The book concludes with a proposed framework for the application of the essential facilities doctrine to potential forms of abuse of dominance relating to data. In addition, it makes suggestions as to how data protection interests can be integrated into competition policy. An invaluable contribution to ongoing academic and policy discussions about how data-related competition concerns should be addressed under competition law, the analysis clearly demonstrates how existing competition tools for market definition and assessment of dominance can be applied to online platforms. It will be of immeasurable value to the many jurists, business persons, and academics concerned with this very timely subject.
Download or read book Refusal to Deal written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Cooperative Antitrust Risk written by Donald A. Frederick and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Download or read book The Antitrust Paradox written by Robert Bork and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.
Download or read book Business and Commerce Code written by Texas and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Getting to Yes written by Roger Fisher and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 1991 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes a method of negotiation that isolates problems, focuses on interests, creates new options, and uses objective criteria to help two parties reach an agreement.
Download or read book Beyond Refusal to Deal written by Ariel Katz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom holds that the European Union has opted to apply its competition law to the exercise of intellectual property rights to a much greater extent than has the United States. We argue that, at least in the context of copyright protection, this conventional wisdom is false. While European antitrust regulation of refusal to license one's intellectual property does seem much more robust and activist than U.S. antitrust regulation of similar conduct, focusing solely on one narrow aspect of antitrust doctrine -- the treatment of a unilateral refusal to deal -- tells less than half the story. Once various doctrines of copyright law are taken into account, the substantive difference between the European and American approaches not only narrows, but in some key respects is reversed. While European jurisdictions have relatively expansive copyright protection which may require antitrust intervention to check anti-competitive uses of copyrighted works, American copyright law provides stronger internal limits on copyright protection, which thereby lessens the need for resort to antitrust law as an external check on anti-competitive uses of copyrighted works. Furthermore, when the broader impact that antitrust law might have on the exercise of IPRs in the United States is considered (not only in substance, but also in antitrust process), it becomes apparent that in key respects, when innovative-competition is at stake, U.S. law grants overall weaker copyright protection than that available in Europe. We also explain why the two jurisdictions have adopted distinct approaches to resolving similar problems and evaluate those approaches.
Download or read book Antitrust Law and Trade Regulation Cases and Materials written by Arthur Melamed and published by Foundation Press. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 1272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of the book offers a comprehensive re-thinking of antitrust law, approaching competition problems in the market from a functional standpoint. The book has roots in prior editions, but it really offers a top-to-bottom reconsideration of how best to present modern issues in antitrust. After a brief introduction to the origins and objectives of antitrust law, the book launches the study of the field with a chapter on the concept of market power and the meaning of competition--building blocks that are essential to understanding everything else that follows in the course. It then devotes three chapters to the primary kinds of antitrust issues that arise from marketplace conduct: horizontal agreements among competitors, vertical distribution agreements, and exclusionary practices (whether done by a single firm or a group). Because of their importance to the economy, as well as to antitrust practice, mergers have their own chapter, which provides not only the important judicial opinions in this area, but also extensive materials from the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission, the primary regulators of merger activity. The book then turns to two specialized issues that are of growing importance: the way in which U.S. antitrust laws operate in the global economy, and an innovative new chapter on intellectual property, technology, and platforms. It concludes with a chapter discussing the legal boundaries around the field of antitrust, including exemptions and immunities, and a chapter on the institutional framework for enforcement--the framework that translates words on a page into reality on the ground. The Seventh Edition retains and, where appropriate, adds to, the problems that have been a feature of this book for decades. To maximize instructor flexibility, the problems for each topic now appear at the end of the chapter.
Download or read book Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines for International Operations written by United States. Department of Justice and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Basic Guide to the National Labor Relations Act written by United States. National Labor Relations Board. Office of the General Counsel and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1997 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Refusal to Sell written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antitrust Law and Economics of Product Distribution written by James Langenfeld and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Antitrust Law written by Stephen F. Ross and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This treatise discusses the principal antitrust cases so readers can review precise holdings and fact summaries about each major case. It also includes black letter law and an analysis of current doctrine and trends in the law. Topics include the goals of antitrust law, the development of the Law of Contracts in restraint of trade, market structure and monopoly power, agreements among competitors, vertical restraints, price discrimination, mergers, and anticompetitive harm through governmental action.
Download or read book Free Competition Refusal to Deal and Restrictive Distribution Under French and American Laws written by Jean Patrick Chamaillard and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Complying with the telemarketing sales rule written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
