Download or read book The Political Economy of Energy Subsidy Reform written by Gabriela Inchauste and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a simple framework for understanding the political economy of subsidy reform and applies it to four in-depth country studies covering more than 30 distinct episodes of reform. Five key lessons emerge. First, energy subsidies often follow a life cycle, beginning as a way to stabilize prices and reduce exposure to price volatility for low-income consumers. However, as they grow in size and political power, they become entrenched. Second, subsidy reform strategies vary because the underlying political economy problems vary. When benefits are concentrated, satisfying (or isolating) interest groups with alternative policies is an important condition for effective reform. When benefits are diffuse, it can be much harder to identify and manage the political coalition needed for reform. Third, governments vary in their administrative and political capacities to implement difficult energy subsidy reforms. Fourth, improvements in social protection systems are often critical to the success of reforms because they make it possible to target assistance to those most in need. Finally, the most interesting cases involve governments that take a strategic approach to the challenges of political economy. In these settings, fixing energy subsidies is central to the governments’ missions of retaining political power and reorganizing how the government delivers benefits to the population. These cases are examples of “reform engineering,†? where governments actively seek to create the capacity to implement alternative policies, depoliticize tariffs, and build credibility around alternative policies. The most successful reforms involve active efforts by policy leaders to identify the political forces supporting energy subsidies and redirect or inoculate them.
Download or read book The Quest for Subsidy Reforms in the Middle East and North Africa Region written by Paolo Verme and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an analysis of energy and food subsidies in the MENA region between 2010 and 2014. Using the World Bank’s proprietary SUBSIM model, the book studies the distribution of subsidies and the simulation of subsidy reforms across eight countries within in a partial equilibrium framework. The distributional analysis of subsidies provides information on who benefits from existing subsidies, while the simulations of subsidy reforms provide information on the outcomes of the reforms in terms of government budget, household welfare, poverty, inequality, and the trade-offs between these outcomes. This focus provides governments with the essential information they need to make decisions on subsidy reforms and consumers with a clear sense of which programs and reforms are successful. The book highlights the historical roots of subsidies, the real trigger of subsidy reforms, and the complexity of subsidy reforms. It discusses the pros and cons of radical and gradualist approaches to reforms, the use of compensation mechanisms and their implications, the advantages and disadvantages of public information campaigns, the political economy of targeting different economic populations, the political timing of reforms, and whether, overall, the reforms observed in the MENA region have been successful. The first book on subsidies in the MENA region that is based on primary micro data, this book is useful for researchers and graduate students studying political economy and working with microsimulation modelling instruments as well as government officials engaged in subsidies reforms, research institutes and private consulting groups advising governments on subsidy reforms.
Download or read book OECD Competition Assessment Reviews Mexico 2019 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review analyses regulatory barriers to competition in the gas sector in Mexico, with the goal of helping Mexican authorities make regulation more pro-competitive while fostering long-lasting growth.
Download or read book WHO household energy policy repository written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Asia written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unsustainable budgetary cost of selling oil, gas, and coal at low prices has propelled energy subsidy reform in developing Asian economies. This report measures the size of associated subsidies on these fossil fuels including direct transfers, tax exemptions, subsidized credit, and losses of state enterprises in India, Indonesia, and Thailand. An analysis of complex interactions between economic, social, energy, and environmental issues shows that the initial rise in energy prices due to a reduction or removal of the subsidies will nudge households and businesses to shift to alternative fuels, make investment in clean energy attractive, increase energy supply, reduce energy shortages, and cut greenhouse gas emissions. Using the money freed up from subsidies to compensate poor households and to increase government budgets will offset the negative effects of the initial price rise, promote sustainable energy use, and help allay the fears of reform.
Download or read book Mono Olefins written by F. Asinger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 1196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mono-Olefins: Chemistry and Technology is a translation from the German and deals with the study of olefins from low ethylene to hexenes and olefins from the high hexenes to eicosenes. The book describes the gaseous or low-boiling olefins and the higher, normally liquid olefins (which have only a minor role in applications in the chemical industry). The olefins are considered important as they are added in the distillation of off-gases in refineries. Although the liquid olefins are used sparingly, these are needed to manufacture lubricants, synthetic detergents, and the higher aliphatic alcohols. The book then explains the three processes used to separate olefin containing mixtures of gases into fractions by the C-number or to convert olefins in the pure state: distillation, absorption, and adsorption. The author then describes the processes in manufacturing carburetor fuel from petroleum and natural gases. Petroleum oil is a mixture of paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons and has no olefins. The text describes the complete process of refining petroleum into different products such as gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, and spotting benzenes. Then the book explains the polymerization of olefins to produce carburetor fuels either by the thermal method or catalytic method. The text notes some research made into double-bond isomerization in mono-olefins and their possible applications. This book is beneficial to industrial chemists, researchers, technical designers, and engineers whose works are related with oil refinery and fossil fuels.
Download or read book Gas Age written by Ernest C. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1952-07 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes summaries of proceedings and addresses of annual meetings of various gas associations. L.C. set includes an index to these proceedings, 1884-1902, issued as a supplement to Progressive age, Feb. 15, 1910.
Download or read book Gas Age record Natural Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Political and Economic Challenges of Energy in the Middle East and North Africa written by David Ramin Jalilvand and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are in disarray, and shifts in the field of energy have the potential to drastically affect the course of political and economic developments in the region. Declining oil prices, skyrocketing domestic demand, the rise of unconventional oil and natural gas production in North America, as well as shifting patterns of global energy trade all put severe pressures on both producing and importing countries in the MENA region. Policy-makers are facing fundamental challenges in light of the duality of grand transformations in (geo)politics and energy. Changes in the field of energy require substantial political and economic reforms, affecting the very fabric of sociopolitical arrangements. At the same time, the MENA region’s geopolitical volatility makes any such reforms extremely risky. Including contributions by academics and analysts from both inside and outside the MENA region, this volume explores the changes in global and regional energy, the impact of changing international energy dynamics on politics and economies in the MENA region, and the challenges that will result. This is essential reading for researchers, postgraduates, and professionals in Middle Eastern and North African politics, global energy governance and regionalism.
Download or read book Role of the BPA in the Pacific Northwest Power Supply System written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book United States Dependence on Foreign Oil written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
Download or read book The Petroleum Engineer written by and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 1470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intergovernmental Reforms in the Russian Federation written by Migara O. De Silva and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is a comprehensive review of fiscal federalism in the Russian Federation. It presents a strong case for greater decentralization. By succinctly surveying the literature on fiscal decentralization and clearly spelling out the main concepts, the volume sets the stage for the subsequent description of the fiscal system in Russia and its evolution through a succession of reforms guided by a desire on the part of Russian policymakers to craft a workable system of fiscal federalism. The authors not only describe the state of fiscal federalism in Russia at its key turning points, but they also provide insightful critical assessments of the reforms introduced at each stage. The book is rich with examples, which makes it an easy and exciting reading. The book's analysis of the history gives perspective to the authors' assessment of the current state of Russia's federalism. The authors make a strong case for greater decentralization in Russia based not only on the traditional economic benefits of fiscal federalism but also on the political benefits from local government competition. The richness of detail and the careful tracing of the reforms over the past nearly two decades also mean that this study will be an invaluable guide to both current observers with academic and policy interest in the recent fiscal federalism reforms as well as Russia's fiscal evolution since the early 1990s and its current fiscal challenges.
Download or read book Health Reformer written by John Harvey Kellogg and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japanese Technical Literature Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Is Inequality in America Irreversible written by Chuck Collins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are living in a time of extreme inequality: America’s three richest people now own as much wealth as the bottom half of the population. Although most accept that this is grotesque, many politicians accept it as irreversible. In this book, leading US researcher and activist Chuck Collins succinctly diagnoses the drivers of rampant inequality, arguing that such disparities have their roots in 40 years of the powerful rigging the system in their favor. He proposes a far-reaching policy agenda, analyzes the barriers to progress, and shows how transformative local campaigns can become a national movement for change. This book is a powerful analysis of how the plutocracy sold us a toxic lie, and what we can do to reverse inequality.
Download or read book Electricity sector Reforms in the MENA Region written by Leila Benali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses electricity-sector reforms to question some of the preconceived ideas concerning the MENA region and to provide a broader analysis of related political economy issues. It presents potential further developments of MENA’s electricity-sector reforms, taking into consideration the region’s unique constraints and opportunities, and discusses the practical limits of reform and deregulation. Specifically, it examines the relationship between reforms and oil prices from a new perspective and presents alternatives to the Single Buyer Model. Complementing existing research on electricity-sector reforms in other emerging markets, the book provides a new analytical framework for assessing reforms that can be easily applied to other markets and sectors.
