Download or read book Reflexive Structures written by Luis E. Sanchis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflexive Structures: An Introduction to Computability Theory is concerned with the foundations of the theory of recursive functions. The approach taken presents the fundamental structures in a fairly general setting, but avoiding the introduction of abstract axiomatic domains. Natural numbers and numerical functions are considered exclusively, which results in a concrete theory conceptually organized around Church's thesis. The book develops the important structures in recursive function theory: closure properties, reflexivity, enumeration, and hyperenumeration. Of particular interest is the treatment of recursion, which is considered from two different points of view: via the minimal fixed point theory of continuous transformations, and via the well known stack algorithm. Reflexive Structures is intended as an introduction to the general theory of computability. It can be used as a text or reference in senior undergraduate and first year graduate level classes in computer science or mathematics.

Download or read book Reflexive Structures written by Luis E Sanchis and published by . This book was released on 1988-09-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Uniformly Reflexive Structures written by Eric Gerhardt Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reflexivity written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book seeks to characterize reflexive conceptual structures more thoroughly and more precisely than has been done before, making explicit the structure of paradox and the clear connections to major logical results. The goal is to trace the structure of reflexivity in sentences, sets, and systems, but also as it appears in propositional attitudes, mental states, perspectives and processes. What an understanding of patterns of reflexivity offers is a deeper and de-mystified understanding of issues of semantics, free will, and the nature of consciousness.

Download or read book Conflicting Structures written by Vladimir Lefebvre and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book appeared in 1967 (in Russian). In that edition, the author introduced two completely new concepts: that of a reflexive system (a system that has an image of the self) and that of reflexive control (conveying a basis for making the decision that is advantageous to the side conducting the reflexive control); both concepts have since become firmly established in modern theories of decision-making. The book contains the author's model of the Universe as a reflexive system (Janus-Cosmology) as well as the description of a device that turns fears into reality through reflexive control, constructed by the author for the purpose of experimental study. In addition, the author also explains how to use reflexive control over processes of reflexive control.

Download or read book Interpretation of English Reflexives by Child and Adult L2 Learners written by Amer Al Kafri and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-07-16 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book casts new light on the debate of adult L2 learners’ access to Universal Grammar (UG) by comparing the performance of adult L2 learners with that of child L2 learners. The study in this book compares Arabic- and Chinese-speaking child and adult L2 learners’ acquisition of English reflexives, particularly concentrating on the differences between child and adult L2 learners in terms of their a) acquisition of the local binding of English reflexives, b) obedience of UG constraints on reflexives and c) knowledge of the syntactic differences between reflexives and pronouns. The outline of the book goes as follows: chapter one is a general introduction to the study. Chapter two discusses the linguistic assumptions and empirical evidence of Usage-Based-Approaches and Generative Approaches with regards to language acquisition, in general, and the interpretation of reflexives, in particular. Adopting Generative Grammar as a theoretical background for this study, age effects on access to UG in first and second language acquisition are discussed in chapter three. Chapter four presents different views on access to UG in second language acquisition and reviews previous studies on the acquisition of reflexives by L2 learners. Chapter five discusses the methodology of this study in terms of participants’ selection, materials used, procedures followed and data analysed. Chapter six presents the results of the study, and chapter seven discusses the results of the study with regards to previous studies and theories. The study shows that the grammar of adult L2 learners is constrained by UG and they can have full access to UG in advanced stages of L2 acquisition. The findings of this study will be of interest to L2 researchers in generative grammar, in general, and in second language acquisition, in particular.

Download or read book Chinese Reflexives written by William Xian-fu Yu and published by Peeters Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the Chinese reflexivisation system, investigating the different types of Chinese reflexive constructions and offering an analysis of these, in an attempt to integrate syntactic, morphological and discourse-related aspects of the phenomena. In Chinese, two distinct types of reflexive have been widely discussed in the literature: simplex reflexive ziji "self", which is a long-distance reflexive, and complex reflexive pronoun + ziji, such as taziji "himself", which must be locally bound. In addition, Chinese has a kind of double reflexive construction, such as ziji-benshen, and reflexive clitics zi "self" and ziwo "self". This book argues that reflexive clitics must be locally bound; and that under certain conditions, both simplex reflexive ziji and complex reflexives can be locally bound, long-distance bound, or even free in an entire sentence. This study proposes that every type of reflexive has two structures: one is an anaphoric structure, while the other is a logophoric structure. When a verb assigns an anaphoric theta role, the reflexive can have the anaphoric structure and the head of the reflexive NP is allowed to adjoin the head of the VP at LF. If a reflexive cannot receive an anaphoric theta role, it can have a logophoric structure. In the logophoric structure, the head of the reflexive DP must be a pro in order to receive the disjoint theta role from the verb.

Download or read book Narratology written by Susana Onega and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an excellent introduction and overview of Narratology, a rapidly growing field in the humanities. Literary narratologists have provided many key concepts and analytical tools which are widely used in the interdisciplinary analysis of such narrative features as plot, point of view, speech presentation, ideological perspective and interpretation. The introduction explains the central concepts of narratology, their historical development, and draws together contemporary trends from many different disciplines into common focus. It offers a compendium of the development of narratology from classical poetics to the present. The essays are all prefaced by individual forewords helping the reader to place each individual selection in context. Recent developments are assessed across disciplines, highlighting the mutual influences of narratology and deconstruction, psychoanalysis, feminism, film and media studies.

Download or read book An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology written by Pierre Bourdieu and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-07-15 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface by Pierre Bourdieu Preface by Loic J.D. Wacquant I Toward a Social Praxeology: The Structure and Logic of Bourdieu's Sociology, Loic J.D. Wacquant 1 Beyond the Antinomy of Social Physics and Social Phenomenology 2 Classification Struggles and the Dialectic of Social and Mental Structures 3 Methodological Relationalism 4 The Fuzzy Logic of Practical Sense 5 Against Theoreticism and Methodologism: Total Social Science 6 Epistemic Reflexivity 7 Reason, Ethics, and Politics II The Purpose of Reflexive Sociology (The Chicago Workshop), Pierre Bourdieu and Loic J.D. Wacquant 1 Sociology as Socioanalysis 2 The Unique and the Invariant 3 The Logic of Fields 4 Interest, Habitus, Rationality 5 Language, Gender, and Symbolic Violence 6 For a, Realpolitik of Reason 7 The Personal is Social III The Practice of Reflexive Sociology (The Paris Workshop), Pierre Bourdieu 1 Handing Down a Trade 2 Thinking Relationally 3 A Radical Doubt 4 Double Bind and Conversion 5 Participant Objectivation Appendixes, Loic J.D. Wacquant 1 How to Read Bourdieu 2 A Selection of Articles from, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 3 Selected Recent Writings on Pierre Bourdieu.

Download or read book PSA 1974 written by Robert S. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this book, we have selected papers from symposia and contributed sessions at the fourth biennial meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, held at the University of Notre Dame on November 1-3, 1974. The meeting was lively and well-attended, and we regret that there was no way to record here the many stimulating discussions after the papers and during the informal hours. We also regret that we had in sufficient space for all the contributed papers. Even more, some of the symposia were not available: those on systems and decision theory (c. W. Churchman, P. Suppes, I. Levi), and on the Marxist philosophy of science (M. W. Wartofsky, R. S. Cohen, E. N. Hiebert). Unhappily several individual contributions to other symposia were likewise not available: I. Velikovsky in the session on his own work and the politics of science, D. Finkelstein in the session on quantum logic. Memorial minutes were read for Alan Ross Anderson (prepared by Nuel Belnap) and for Imre Lakatos (prepared by Paul Feyerabend). They initiate this volume of philosophy of science in the mid-seventies.

Download or read book Reflexion and Control written by Dmitry A. Novikov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-03 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to modern approaches to mathematical modeling of reflexive processes in control. The authors consider reflexive games that describe the gametheoretical interaction of agents making decisions based on a hierarchy of beliefs regarding (1) essential parameters (informational reflexion), (2) decision principles used by opponents (strategic reflexion), (3) beliefs about beliefs, and so on. Informational and reflexive equilibria in reflexive games generalize a series of well-known equilibrium concepts in noncooperative games and models of collective behavior. These models allow posing and solving the problems of informational and reflexive control in organizational, economic, social and other systems, in military applications, etc. (the interested reader will find in the book over 30 examples of possible applications in these fields) and describing uniformly many psychological/sociological phenomena connected with reflexion, viz., implicit control, informational control via the mass media, reflexion in chess, art works, etc. The present book is intended for experts in decision making and control of systems of an interdisciplinary nature, as well as for undergraduates and postgraduates.

Download or read book Syntactic Variation and Genre written by Heidrun Dorgeloh and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the interplay of syntactic variation and genre. How do genres emerge and what is the role of syntax in constituting them? Why do certain constructions appear in certain types of text? The book takes the concept of genre as a reference-point for the description and analysis of morpho-syntactic variation and change. It includes both overviews of theoretical approaches to the concept of genre and text type in linguistics and studies of specific syntactic phenomena in English, German, and selected Romance languages. Contributions to the volume make use of insights from attempts for text classification and rhetorical views on genre and reach from quantitative, corpus-based methodology to qualitative, text-based analyses. The types of texts investigated cover spoken, highly interactive, and written forms of communication, including selected genres of computer-mediated communication. Corpus data come from both synchronic and diachronic linguistic corpora, such as LOB, Brown, FLOB, Frown, ARCHER, and ICE-Jamaica. This spectrum both in approaches and data is meant to provide a theoretical foundation as well as a realistic view of the inherent complexity of form-function relationships in syntax. At the same time, genre is treated as a category relevant beyond discourse studies, consisting of forms and conventions at all levels of linguistic analysis, including syntax. The book is therefore of interest to linguists and graduate students in the area of syntax, discourse analysis, and pragmatics, as well as to sociolinguists and corpus linguists working on register variation.

Download or read book General Principles of the Structure of Language written by James Byrne and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Algebra of Conscience written by Vladimir A. Lefebvre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-07-31 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised Edition with a Second Part with a new Foreword by Anatol Rapoport

Download or read book Algebra of Conscience written by V.A. Lefebvre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conscience is an essential human attribute. Nevertheless, in the construction of formal models of the subject it is customarily left outside the framework of theoretical analysis. The Algebra of Conscience, whose first edition appeared in 1982, was the first specialized work modeling the phenomenon of conscience. The method used in this book made it possible to connect moral experience with decision-making procedures on the level of mathematical models. The application of such models allows us to propose the hypothesis of two fundamentally different ethical systems determining the normative patterns of human behavior in situations of conflict. Under the first ethical system the subject's self-esteem is raised if the subject seeks to resolve the conflict; in the second it is raised by seeking to dramatize the conflict. The new edition of The Algebra of Conscience is significantly expanded. The second part of the book, devoted to moral choice, is completely new. Based on the theory presented in the first part, it constructs the model of a subject capable of making an intentional choice. A special variable corresponds to the subject's intention. This development allows us to include within the model freedom of will and freedom of choice, and also to generalize classical 2×2 game theory to the case where outcomes, in addition to having utility measures, are either `positive' or `negative.' In its concluding chapters the book constructs a dynamic model of the intentional subject faced with a choice between two alternatives, neither of which is morally acceptable for the subject. It is shown that in this case the probabilities of choice of the alternatives may change chaotically. From this it follows that one cannot predict which alternative will be chosen or even the probabilities with which they will be chosen. Audience: The book is addressed to a broad readership having elementary knowledge of mathematical logic and the theory of probability. It can be used in college courses studying the modelling of moral choice. The book's material can also be used in the design of artificial intelligence systems.

Download or read book Studies on Turkish and Turkic Languages written by Aslı Göksel and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 2000 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains papers presented at the Ninth International conference on Turkish Linguistics, held in Oxford in August 1998. The papers cover a wide range of topics in theoretical and descriptive linguistics relating to Turkish and Turkic languages, bringing together the work of the most eminent researchers in the field. In addition to articles in the core areas of linguistics which focus on topics such as the morpho-syntactic properties of argument structure, word stress, aspect and modality, word order, embedding, cliticisation and compounding, there are sections on psycholinguistics, language acquisition, discourse analysis, language contact and bilingualism. Although the main language of investigation is Modern Turkish, the articles cover a wide range of Turkic languages, including Karaim, Eynu, Sarigh Yoghur, Salar, Gagauz, Noghay, Khalaj, and Iraqi Turkmen, some of which are endangered, as well as historic varieties such as Middle Turkish, Old Anatolian Turkish and Old Turkic. The book will be of interest to linguists working on theoretical, comparative and diachronic aspects of linguistic research as well as those who are interested in descriptive aspects of Turkish and other Turkic languages.

Download or read book Interface Driven Phenomena in Spanish written by Melvin González-Rivera and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interface-Driven Phenomena in Spanish: Essays in Honor of Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach brings together a collection of articles from leading experts in the fields of formal syntax and semantics. With a specific focus on interface-related phenomena, the articles address a broad array of issues in Spanish grammar. In so doing, the book offers an updated view on current research topics while providing a rich variety of methods and theoretical perspectives. The volume will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and scholars working on Spanish syntax, semantics and their interfaces.