Download or read book Refining Urban Stormwater Pollution Characterization and Prediction to Better Design Locate and Maintain Stormwater Control Measures written by Ian M. Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While urban development provides many services to humanity, it also substantially impacts the environment and ecology of natural areas. Urbanization involves the conversion of forested and agricultural lands to impervious surfaces such as buildings, houses, roads, parking lots, and sidewalks. Stormwater runoff occurs when rainfall is not captured in depressional storage or is unable to infiltrate the soil surface. Land use changes may increase the generation and transport of pollutants and rate and volume of stormwater runoff, leading to increased pollutant load, flooding, in-stream erosion, and elevated stream temperatures. In urban areas developed prior to the Clean Water Act, stormwater is, in many cases, discharged without treatment. In recent decades, low impact development techniques, such as stormwater control measures (SCMs), have been increasingly adopted by municipalities to mitigate urban non-point source pollution. Efficacy of SCM retrofits run the gamut from success to failure. Thus, there is a need to fully understand the factors that affect stormwater quality and quantity to guide management. Urban land use and land cover (LULC) has been recognized as a strong influencer of stormwater quality and hydrology. Herein, I performed a meta-analysis utilizing stormwater quality data from the published literature spanning 360 unique urban watersheds. Furthermore, I monitored stormwater quality and hydrology from (urban and forested) watersheds in Ohio. Results indicate water quality can be further improved with a regionalization scheme. More specifically, regional climate substantially affected the quality of runoff. From the meta-analysis, it was observed that there is an absence of stormwater quality in certain regions of the world, one of which was the midwestern United States. Thus, stormwater models cannot be accurately calibrated or validated for this region. Analysis of local stormwater data (i.e., Dayton, Ohio metropolitan area) revealed LULC and rainfall patterns influenced the quality of runoff. Recent data also suggest stormwater quality is not temporally static (i.e., over years or decades), which opens various avenues for future research. Though design of SCMs is typically based on predicted runoff volume or peak flow rate, findings from water quality monitoring suggest placement of SCMs should also be considered in design (e.g., locate SCMs in hot spots for the generation of a pollutant of interest). Due to simplified hydrologic models, subjective parameter selection, and changing climatic patterns, the prediction of hydrologic responses contains large uncertainty. To bolster widely accepted models, I compared monitored hydrologic responses to predicted responses utilizing a variety of methodologies. Model performance varied with rainfall depth and watershed characteristics such and LULC and imperviousness. Thus, there was no one best model for every scenario, but the provided discussion will aide managers in selecting which model would provide the most accurate results under given circumstances. SCMs are often retrofitted with pollutants of concern in mind; however, these systems may provide treatment for other non-target pollutants. For example, stream temperature has been identified as the most important environmental cue to aquatic species behavior. Thermal impairments to receiving streams are commonly associated with impervious surfaces, yet ponds, wetlands, detention basins, and other noninfiltrating SCMs that are commonly retrofitted (or installed in new developments) further exacerbate stormwater temperature as they are subjected to solar radiation, often with little shading. Infiltrating SCMs such as bioretention and permeable pavements have shown promising reductions in stormwater temperature at the site-scale, but it is still unknown how a network of SCMs retrofitted at the watershed scale can ameliorate thermal impacts. My goal was to address this gap in knowledge to better inform other management strategies (e.g., riparian buffers, clustered imperviousness, underground storage/conveyance) that may need to be considered to protect cold-water ecosystems. Results indicate the best method of reducing thermal mass exported to receiving streams is through runoff volume mitigation, as runoff temperatures (monitored at watershed outlets) from watersheds with SCM retrofits were not different from watersheds without SCMs. It is commonly accepted in the literature that hydrologic mitigation is most critical for reducing the export of priority pollutants. In the final chapter of this dissertation, I addressed the effectiveness of five different maintenance techniques (two of which are new to the literature) to restore hydraulic function across five different permeable pavements by quantifying surface infiltration rates (SIRs) before and after maintenance activities. Three of the maintenance activities significantly improved SIRs, but results varied in effectiveness based on in-situ pavement conditions and operational factors. Thus, many maintenance take-aways were addressed such as performing maintenance during dry periods, topping up of joint aggregate after maintenance, and avoiding permeable pavement in high traffic/high speed areas.
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Download or read book Urban and Highway Stormwater Pollution written by Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world population grows, already burgeoning cities are becoming taxed in every conceivable way. One topic that receives few headlines, but significantly impacts an area's quality of health and economic development is the challenge to maintain sustainable urban drainage (SUD). Poor drainage can hamper transportation, add to problems of polluti
Download or read book Urban Stormwater written by Victorian Stormwater Committee, and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 1999-10-28 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intense concentration of human activity in urban areas leads to changes in both the quantity and quality of runoff that eventually reaches our streams, lakes, wetlands, estuaries and coasts. The increasing use of impervious surfaces designed to provide smooth and direct pathways for stormwater run-off, has led to greater runoff volumes and flow velocities in urban waterways. Unmanaged, these changes in the quantity and quality of stormwater can result in considerable damage to the environment. Improved environmental performance is needed to ensure that the environmental values and beneficial uses of receiving waters are sustained or enhanced. Urban Stormwater - Best-Practice Environmental Management Guidelines resulted from a collaboration between State government agencies, local government and leading research institutions. The guidelines have been designed to meet the needs of people involved in the planning, design or management of urban land uses or stormwater drainage systems. They provide guidance in ten key areas: *Environmental performance objectives *Stormwater management planning *Land use planning *Water sensitive urban design *Construction site management *Business surveys *Education and awareness *Enforcement *Structural treatment measures *Flow management Engineers and planners within local government, along with consultants to the development industry, should find the guidelines especially useful. Government agencies should also find them helpful in assessing the performance of stormwater managers. While developed specifically for application in Victoria, Australia, the information will be of value to stormwater managers everywhere.
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-17 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Download or read book Decision Making with Uncertainty in Stormwater Pollutant Processes written by Buddhi Wijesiri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new findings on intrinsic variability in pollutant build-up and wash-off processes by identifying the characteristics of underlying process mechanisms, based on the behaviour of various-sized particles. The correlation between build-up and wash-off processes is clearly defined using heavy metal pollutants as a case study. The outcome of this study is an approach developed to quantitatively assess process uncertainty, which makes it possible to mathematically incorporate the characteristics of variability in build-up and wash-off processes into stormwater quality models. In addition, the approach can be used to quantify process uncertainty as an integral aspect of stormwater quality predictions using common uncertainty analysis techniques. The information produced using enhanced modelling tools will promote more informed decision-making, and thereby help to improve urban stormwater quality.
Download or read book Stormwater Runoff and Receiving Systems written by Edwin Herricks and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-07-25 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary focus of stormwater and urban runoff research during the past twenty-five years has been on the physical description and the chemical quality assessment of runoff events and the design and implementation of the best management practices to control these events. There is a definite need for more effective integration of receiving system issues in the management and regulation of stormwater runoff. This book successfully brings together a diverse group of environmental specialists to address the issues surrounding the assessment, management, and control of stormwater, and more specifically urban runoff, from a receiving system perspective. The book's emphasis on the receiving system is timely, coming during a period when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is placing increasing emphasis on wet weather conditions through a new permit program for stormwater runoff and a policy on combined sewer overflows. Stormwater Runoff and Receiving Systems covers biocriteria, assessment of receiving water integrity, and integrated watershed analysis-all aspects of current water quality management programs for both industrial and municipal areas. More than thirty chapters are divided into six sections, offering in-depth discussions on various issues relating to stormwater, urban runoff, and receiving systems; impacts; uncertainty and risk; study design; impact mitigation; and issues analysis. Anyone who deals with regulatory programs requiring stormwater effect assessment including more than sampling and analysis of chemical water quality parameters in effluents will find this reference particularly useful.
Download or read book The Hidden Dangers of Urban Stormwater written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wet Weather Flow in the Urban Watershed written by Richard Field and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-27 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the National Resources Defense Council, stormwater runoff rivals or exceeds discharges from factories and sewage plants as a source of pollution throughout the United States. The Environmental Protection Agency identifies urban stormwaters as the second largest source of water quality damage in estuaries and a significant contributor t
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Hydrology written by Osman A. Akan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-02-28 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book and software package provides a concise, practical guide for those involved in studying, planning, and designing urban stormwater management practices. The emphasis is on engineering calculations rather than theory. Many facets of stormwater management, from rainfall analysis and design storm selection procedures to runoff calculations and the evaluation of wet ponds for long-term, efficient water quality control. The book presents broadly used conventional methods and innovative techniques that are in line with current trends and needs. The book also includes the Soil Conservation Service's TR-20 computer software and a new easy-to-follow user's guide. From the Preface There has been much interest in urban stormwater hydrology during the past two decades due to the widespread recognition of the adverse effects of urbanization on stormwater runoff. During this period, many individuals and organizations developed innovative techniques to estimate and control the quantity and the water quality of urban stormwater runoff.
Download or read book Urban Storm Water Management written by Hormoz Pazwash and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering all elements of the storm water runoff process, Urban Storm Water Management includes numerous examples and case studies to guide practitioners in the design, maintenance, and understanding of runoff systems, erosion control systems, and common design methods and misconceptions. It covers storm water management in practice and in regulatio
Download or read book Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1992 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non Point Pollution and Urban Stormwater Management written by Vladimir Novotny and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-10-11 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Directions of diffuse pollution research and Best Management Practices are evolving, and effective and affordable methods of control are being developed to handle the abatement of toxic pollutants from atmospheric deposition, and urban and agricultural runoff. This book provides a useful manual covering the most important topics and solutions of the diffuse pollution problem with emphasis on urban sources and abatement.
Download or read book Role of Rainfall and Catchment Characteristics on Urban Stormwater Quality written by An Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-20 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key highlights of the book include an innovative rainfall classification methodology based on stormwater quality to support the planning and design of stormwater treatment systems. Additionally, this book provides a practical approach to effective stormwater treatment design and development of a methodology for rainfall selection to optimize stormwater treatment based on both its quality and quantity. The case study presented in this book evaluates how pollutant buildup on urban surfaces and stormwater runoff quality varies with a range of catchment characteristics based on different rainfall types. The information presented will be of particular interest to practitioners such as stormwater-treatment designers, urban planners and hydrologic and stormwater-quality model developers since the outcomes presented provide practical approaches to and recommendations for urban stormwater-quality improvement. Readers will benefit from a state-of-the-art critical review of literature on urban stormwater quality, an in-depth discussion on stormwater-quality processes providing guidance for engineering practice such as stormwater treatment design and model development, a comprehensive overview on the application of multivariate data analysis techniques and a paradigm of the integrated use of commercial models and mathematical equations to undertake a comprehensive, urban stormwater-quality investigation.
Download or read book Urban Stormwater and Flood Management written by Veeriah Jegatheesan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the experiences of engineers and scientists from Australia and the United Kingdom providing the current status on the management of stormwater and flooding in urban areas and suggesting ways forward. It forms a basis for the development of a framework for the implementation of integrated and optimised storm water management strategies and aims to mitigate the adverse impacts of the expanding urban water footprint. Among other topics it also features management styles of stormwater and flooding and describes biodiversity and ecosystem services in relation to the management of stormwater and the mitigation of floods. Furthermore, it places an emphasis on sustainable storm water management measures. Population growth, urbanisation and climate change will pose significant challenges to engineers, scientists, medical practitioners, policy makers and practitioners of several other disciplines. If we consider environmental and water engineers, they will have to face challenges in designing smart and efficient water systems which are robust and resilient to overcome shrinking green spaces, increased urban heat islands, damages to natural waterways due to flooding caused by increased stormwater flow. This work provides valuable information for practitioners and students at both senior undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Modeling and Simulation written by Stephan J. Nix and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-07-13 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Stormwater Modeling and Simulation discusses several popular stormwater models and explains a variety of uses in practical terms. This unique book is divided into five key sections and begins with a description of urban runoff problems and how computer models play an important role in problem solving. The book continues with detailed discussions on the construction of watershed models, model verification and validation, the use of models for predicting stormwater runoff and pollution discharges, and common problems associated with popular modeling programs. A practical approach is used throughout the book, focusing on actual applications to illustrate basic principles. This is the first book available that provides both new and experienced engineers, consultants, and scientists with an organized approach to stormwater modeling and simulation, model construction, model verification, and software selection. Water quality professionals, environmental engineering students, technical libraries, regulators, and planners will also find this a perfect hands-on learning tool.
Download or read book Interaction of Urban Stormwater Runoff written by Miguel Medina and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Pollutant transport within each phase of the hydrologic cycle, and through the various components of the physical system, is governed by the principle of conservation of mass. Deterministic mathematical models are derived from this unifying concept to represent the movement, decay, storage, and treatment of stormwater runoff pollutants and dry weather wastewater flows through the urban environment and, the receiving body of water. Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Interaction of Urban Stormwater Runoff" by Miguel Angel Medina, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. A digital copy of this work may also be found in the university's institutional repository, IR@UF. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation.
