Download or read book Refinement of CALIPSO Aerosol Retrieval Models Through Analysis of Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar Data written by Christopher McPherson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deepening of scientific understanding of atmospheric aerosols figures substantially into stated goals for climate change research and a variety of internationally collaborative earth observation missions. One such mission is the joint NASA/Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission, whose primary instrument is the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), a spaceborne two-wavelength, elastic-scatter lidar, which has been making continuous, global observations of atmospheric aerosols and clouds since June of 2006, shortly after its launch in April of the same year. The work presented in this dissertation consists of the development of an aerosol retrieval strategy to improve aerosol retrievals from lidar data from the CALIPSO mission, as well as a comprehensive formulation of accompanying aerosol models based on a thorough analysis of data from an airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) instrument. The retrieval methodology, known as the Constrained Ratio Aerosol Model-fit (CRAM) technique, is a means of exploiting the available dual-wavelength information from CALIOP to constrain the possible solutions to the problem of aerosol retrieval from elastic-scatter lidar so as to be consistent with theoretically or empirically known aerosol models. Constraints applied via CRAM are manifested in spectral ratios of scattering parameters corresponding to observationally-based aerosol models. Consequently, accurate and representative models incorporating various spectral scattering parameters are instrumental to the successful implementation of a methodology like CRAM. The aerosol models arising from this work are derived from measurements made by the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne HSRL instrument, which has the capability to measure both aerosol scattering parameters (i.e., backscatter and extinction) independently at 532 nm. The instrument also incorporates an elastic-scatter channel at 1064 nm, facilitating the incorporation of dual-wavelength information by way of particular constraints. The intent in developing these new models is to furnish as satisfactory a basis as possible for retrieval techniques such as CRAM, whose approach to the problem of aerosol retrieval attempts to make optimal use of the available spectral information from multi-wavelength lidar, thus providing a framework for improving aerosol retrievals from CALIPSO and furthering the scientific goals related to atmospheric aerosols.
Download or read book Characterizing Aerosol Distributions and Optical Properties Using the NASA Langley High Spectral Resolution Lidar written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to provide vertically and horizontally resolved data on aerosol optical properties to assess and ultimately improve how models represent these aerosol properties and their impacts on atmospheric radiation. The approach was to deploy the NASA Langley Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and other synergistic remote sensors on DOE Atmospheric Science Research (ASR) sponsored airborne field campaigns and synergistic field campaigns sponsored by other agencies to remotely measure aerosol backscattering, extinction, and optical thickness profiles. Synergistic sensors included a nadir-viewing digital camera for context imagery, and, later in the project, the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). The information from the remote sensing instruments was used to map the horizontal and vertical distribution of aerosol properties and type. The retrieved lidar parameters include profiles of aerosol extinction, backscatter, depolarization, and optical depth. Products produced in subsequent analyses included aerosol mixed layer height, aerosol type, and the partition of aerosol optical depth by type. The lidar products provided vertical context for in situ and remote sensing measurements from other airborne and ground-based platforms employed in the field campaigns and was used to assess the predictions of transport models. Also, the measurements provide a data base for future evaluation of techniques to combine active (lidar) and passive (polarimeter) measurements in advanced retrieval schemes to remotely characterize aerosol microphysical properties. The project was initiated as a 3-year project starting 1 January 2005. It was later awarded continuation funding for another 3 years (i.e., through 31 December 2010) followed by a 1-year no-cost extension (through 31 December 2011). This project supported logistical and flight costs of the NASA sensors on a dedicated aircraft, the subsequent analysis and archival of the data, and the presentation of results in conferences, workshops, and publications. DOE ASR field campaigns supported under this project included - MAX-Mex /MILAGRO (2006) - TexAQS 2006/GoMACCS (2006) - CHAPS (2007) - RACORO (2009) - CARE/CalNex (2010) In addition, data acquired on HSRL airborne field campaigns sponsored by other agencies were used extensively to fulfill the science objectives of this project and the data acquired have been made available to other DOE ASR investigators upon request.
Download or read book Remote Measurements of Tropospheric Aerosol Scattering Properties by an Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar written by Jeffery Thomas Sroga and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retrieval of Optical and Microphysical Properties of Aerosols from a Hybrid Multiwavelength Lidar Dataset written by Patricia Sawamura and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the development of inversion techniques for the retrievals of aerosol microphysical properties (e.g. effective radius, volume and surface-area concentrations) and aerosol optical properties (e.g. complex index of refraction and single scattering albedo) from multiwavelength lidar systems brought a new perspective in the study of the vertical distribution of aerosols. In this study retrievals of such parameters were obtained from a hybrid multiwavelength lidar dataset for the first time. In July of 2011, in the Baltimore-Washington DC region, synergistic profiling of optical and microphysical properties of aerosols with both airborne in-situ and ground-based remote sensing systems was performed during the first deployment of DISCOVER-AQ. The hybrid multiwavelength lidar dataset combines elastic ground-based measurements at 355 nm with airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measurements at 532 nm and elastic measurements at 1064 nm that were obtained less than 5 km apart of each other. This was the first study to our knowledge in which optical and microphysical retrievals from lidar were obtained during the day and directly compared to AERONET and in-situ measurements for eleven cases. Good agreement was observed between lidar and AERONET retrievals. Larger discrepancies were observed between lidar retrievals and in-situ measurements obtained by the aircraft and aerosol hygroscopic effects are believed to be the main factor of such discrepancies.
Download or read book Scattering Absorption and Emission of Light by Small Particles written by Michael I. Mishchenko and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-06 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough and up-to-date treatment of electromagnetic scattering by small particles.
Download or read book Observations of Tropical Cirrus by Elastic Backscatter Lidars and the Development of a Cloud and Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm for Raman Lidars written by Tyler J. Thorsen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical cirrus cloud properties from elastic backscatter lidars--- namely the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's ground-based micropulse lidars (MPL) and the spaceborne Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar--- are examined. The MPL detects significantly less cirrus clouds relative to CALIPSO, particularly during the daytime. However, the MPL samples enough cirrus at night to provide similar statistics of macrophysical and optical properties as CALIPSO. Both sets of lidar observations are supplemented with cloud radar observations to calculate radiative heating rate profiles from a ground-based and spaceborne perspective. The inferred radiative effect of clouds is much smaller when using the ground-based data, mostly due to the lack of cirrus detected by the MPL. The relatively new and more advance ARM Raman lidar (RL) is shown to be more sensitive to cirrus than the ARM MPL and detects a similar amount of cirrus as CALIPSO. Daytime measurements using the RL elastic channel are relatively unaffected by the solar background and are therefore suited for checking the observed diurnal cycles from the MPL and CALIPSO. Comparisons with RL observations show that the geometrical thickness of cirrus from the MPL and CALIPSO datasets are biased thin during the daytime due to increased noise. Various upgrades since its conception have made the ARM RL a viable tool for cloud studies as demonstrated by this thesis. Since the ARM RL was not originally designed for cloud observations, the current automated processing algorithms do not identify all clouds nor attempt to retrieve cloud extinction profiles. Therefore an improved Feature detection and EXtinction retrieval (FEX) algorithm is developed. The approach of FEX is to use multiple quantities to identify features (clouds and aerosols) using range-dependent context-sensitive detection thresholds. The use of multiple quantities provides complementary depictions of cloud and aerosol locations. The extinction profiles are directly retrieved using the Raman method, which are supplemented by other retrieval methods developed for elastic backscatter lidars. A classification of feature type is made guided by the atmosphere's thermodynamic state and the feature's scattering properties. The contribution of multiple scattering, which is significant for hydrometeors, is explicitly considered for each of the ARM RL channels. The FEX framework is also suitable for other advance lidars, i.e. high spectral resolution lidars (HSRL). The continuously operated, automated ARM RLs paired with FEX provide an enormous wealth of water vapor, temperature, aerosol and cloud data unmatched by other remote sensing systems.
Download or read book Light Scattering by Ice Crystals written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume outlines the fundamentals and applications of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals.
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Download or read book LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications written by Pinliang Dong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideal for both undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of geography, forestry, ecology, geographic information science, remote sensing, and photogrammetric engineering, LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications expertly joins LiDAR principles, data processing basics, applications, and hands-on practices in one comprehensive source. The LiDAR data within this book is collected from 27 areas in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Ghana, and Haiti and includes 183 figures created to introduce the concepts, methods, and applications in a clear context. It provides 11 step-by-step projects predominately based on Esri’s ArcGIS software to support seamless integration of LiDAR products and other GIS data. The first six projects are for basic LiDAR data visualization and processing and the other five cover more advanced topics: from mapping gaps in mangrove forests in Everglades National Park, Florida to generating trend surfaces for rock layers in Raplee Ridge, Utah. Features Offers a comprehensive overview of LiDAR technology with numerous applications in geography, forestry and earth science Gives necessary theoretical foundations from all pertinent subject matter areas Uses case studies and best practices to point readers to tools and resources Provides a synthesis of ongoing research in the area of LiDAR remote sensing technology Includes carefully selected illustrations and data from the authors' research projects Before every project in the book, a link is provided for users to download data
Download or read book Aerosol Remote Sensing written by Jacqueline Lenoble and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a much needed explanation of the basic physical principles of radiative transfer and remote sensing, and presents all the instruments and retrieval algorithms in a homogenous manner. The editors provide, for the first time, an easy path from theory to practical algorithms in one easily accessible volume, making the connection between theoretical radiative transfer and individual practical solutions to retrieve aerosol information from remote sensing, and providing the specifics and intercomparison of all current and historical retrieval methods.
Download or read book Subsea Optics and Imaging written by John Watson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of optical methodology, instrumentation and photonics devices for imaging, vision and optical sensing is of increasing importance in understanding our marine environment. Subsea optics can make an important contribution to the protection and sustainable management of ocean resources and contribute to monitoring the response of marine systems to climate change. This important book provides an authoritative review of key principles, technologies and their applications. The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides a general introduction to the key concepts in subsea optics and imaging, imaging technologies and the development of ocean optics and colour analysis. Part two reviews the use of subsea optics in environmental analysis. An introduction to the concepts of underwater light fields is followed by an overview of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and an assessment of nutrients in the water column. This section concludes with discussions of the properties of subsea bioluminescence, harmful algal blooms and their impact and finally an outline of optical techniques for studying suspended sediments, turbulence and mixing in the marine environment. Part three reviews subsea optical systems technologies. A general overview of imaging and visualisation using conventional photography and video leads onto advanced techniques like digital holography, laser line-scanning and range-gated imaging as well as their use in controlled observation platforms or global observation networks. This section also outlines techniques like Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral sensing and imaging, laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and particle image velocimetry (PIV), optical fibre sensing and LIDAR systems. Finally, a chapter on fluorescence methodologies brings the volume to a close. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Subsea optics and imaging is a standard reference for those researching, developing and using subsea optical technologies as well as environmental scientists and agencies concerned with monitoring the marine environment. Provides an authoritative review of key principles, technologies and their applications Outlines the key concepts in subsea optics and imaging, imaging technologies and the development of ocean optics and colour analysis Reviews the properties of subsea bioluminescence, harmful algal blooms and their impact
Download or read book Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing written by Steven M. Kay and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2013 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For those involved in the design and implementation of signal processing algorithms, this book strikes a balance between highly theoretical expositions and the more practical treatments, covering only those approaches necessary for obtaining an optimal estimator and analyzing its performance. Author Steven M. Kay discusses classical estimation followed by Bayesian estimation, and illustrates the theory with numerous pedagogical and real-world examples."--Cover, volume 1.
Download or read book The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space written by John P. Burrows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.
Download or read book Aerosol Science written by Ian Colbeck and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AEROSOL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Aerosols influence many areas of our daily life. They are at the core of environmental problems such as global warming, photochemical smog and poor air quality. They can also have diverse effects on human health, where exposure occurs in both outdoor and indoor environments. However, aerosols can have beneficial effects too; the delivery of drugs to the lungs, the delivery of fuels for combustion and the production of nanomaterials all rely on aerosols. Advances in particle measurement technologies have made it possible to take advantage of rapid changes in both particle size and concentration. Likewise, aerosols can now be produced in a controlled fashion. Reviewing many technological applications together with the current scientific status of aerosol modelling and measurements, this book includes: Satellite aerosol remote sensing The effects of aerosols on climate change Air pollution and health Pharmaceutical aerosols and pulmonary drug delivery Bioaerosols and hospital infections Particle emissions from vehicles The safety of emerging nanomaterials Radioactive aerosols: tracers of atmospheric processes With the importance of this topic brought to the public's attention after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, this book provides a timely, concise and accessible overview of the many facets of aerosol science.
Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them.
Download or read book Mixed Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Download or read book Clouds and Climate written by A. Pier Siebesma and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of research on clouds and their role in our present and future climate, for advanced students and researchers.
