Download or read book Reelin Related Neurological Disorders and Animal Models written by Laura Lossi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reeler mutation was so named because of the alterations in gait that characterize homozygous mice. Several decades after the description of the Reeler phenotype, the mutated protein was discovered and named Reelin (Reln). Reln controls a number of fundamental steps in embryonic and postnatal brain development. A prominent embryonic function is the control of radial neuronal migration. As a consequence, homozygous Reeler mutants show disrupted cell layering in cortical brain structures. Reln also promotes postnatal neuronal maturation. Heterozygous mutants exhibit defects in dendrite extension and synapse formation, correlating with behavioral and cognitive deficits that are detectable at adult ages. The Reln-encoding gene is highly conserved between mice and humans. In humans, homozygous RELN mutations cause lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia, a severe neuronal migration disorder that is reminiscent of the Reeler phenotype. In addition, RELN deficiency or dysfunction is also correlated with psychiatric and cognitive disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism, as well as some forms of epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the wealth of anatomical studies of the Reeler mouse brain, and the molecular dissection of Reln signaling mechanisms, the consequences of Reln deficiency on the development and function of the human brain are not yet completely understood. This Research Topic include reviews that summarize our current knowledge of the molecular aspects of Reln function, original articles that advance our understanding of its expression and function in different brain regions, and reviews that critically assess the potential role of Reln in human psychiatric and cognitive disorders.
Download or read book Reelin Related Neurological Disorders and Animal Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reeler mutation was so named because of the alterations in gait that characterize homozygous mice. Several decades after the description of the Reeler phenotype, the mutated protein was discovered and named Reelin (Reln). Reln controls a number of fundamental steps in embryonic and postnatal brain development. A prominent embryonic function is the control of radial neuronal migration. As a consequence, homozygous Reeler mutants show disrupted cell layering in cortical brain structures. Reln also promotes postnatal neuronal maturation. Heterozygous mutants exhibit defects in dendrite extension and synapse formation, correlating with behavioral and cognitive deficits that are detectable at adult ages. The Reln-encoding gene is highly conserved between mice and humans. In humans, homozygous RELN mutations cause lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia, a severe neuronal migration disorder that is reminiscent of the Reeler phenotype. In addition, RELN deficiency or dysfunction is also correlated with psychiatric and cognitive disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism, as well as some forms of epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the wealth of anatomical studies of the Reeler mouse brain, and the molecular dissection of Reln signaling mechanisms, the consequences of Reln deficiency on the development and function of the human brain are not yet completely understood. This Research Topic include reviews that summarize our current knowledge of the molecular aspects of Reln function, original articles that advance our understanding of its expression and function in different brain regions, and reviews that critically assess the potential role of Reln in human psychiatric and cognitive disorders.
Download or read book Mouse Models in the Study of Genetic Neurological Disorders written by Brian Popko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of mouse models that are available for the study of human genetic neurological disorders is large and growing rapidly. Therefore, it was difficult to select the models that were reviewed in this volume. Clearly, there are important models that are not discussed, and perhaps a volume twice this size would have been more appropriate. Moreover, the pace at which new models are being developed and analyzed is rapid. As this volume goes to press, I am sure that additional mouse genes responsible for naturally occurring neurological disorders are being discovered and that many new transgenic and mutant mouse strains are being developed. Therefore, this volume should not be viewed as a comprehensive compendium, but rather as an update of work in progress. It is exhilarating to witness the fast pace at which these models are being established as important tools in the study of basic neuroscience and neurological disorders. It will be even more exciting to see their utilization in the development and testing of therapeutic interventions for these diseases. I would like to thank each of the authors who have contributed to this volume for their time and their expertise. I would also like to thank Drs. Timothy Coetzee and Joshua Corbin for their advice in the selection of the topics covered. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Kunihiko Suzuki, who first approached me with the idea for this volume, for his guidance throughout its preparation.
Download or read book Animal Models of Neurological Disorders written by Puneet Kumar Bansal and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces undergraduate, postgraduate and research students and scientists to animal models of neurological disorders, along with their working principle and brief procedures. Addressing all the disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS) in a single platform, on the basis of various literature surveys it describes different procedures to induce a single disease with the help of toxins/chemicals. It also includes numerous protocols for inducing single neurological diseases, thus fulfilling an urgent need for a book that makes specific procedures for neurological disorders available, so that specific disease can be induced in laboratories according to the availability of resources. Further, it acquaints readers with the pathological changes that occur in a particular neurological disorder, which reflect specific signs and symptoms of any particular disease, and examines how they affect everyday life. It is a valuable resource for researchers aiming to eradicate or improve neurological disorders by testing the benefits of different drugs.
Download or read book Animal Models for Neurological Disorders written by Anil Kumar and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal disease models are a vital tool to study diseases and associated conditions. Studies on animal models can, in some cases, be used as a basis for modeling and understanding human diseases. Biomedical scientists face a challenge to choose the correct animal model to study disease pathology, and neurological diseases are no exception to this rule. Animal Models for Neurological Disorders covers different animal models which have been used for studying neurological disorders. 13 topical chapters have been contributed by a group of experts on the subject with an aim to cover emerging experimental models of a range of neurological diseases encountered in the clinic including Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and brain tumors, among others. The chapters also inform readers about relevant clinical correlations in each disease model where appropriate. Animal Models for Neurological Disorders is intended for all scholarly researchers and students of biomedical sciences, pharmacology, medicine (oncology, neurology, psychiatry), pharmacy, biochemistry, and biotechnology. The organized contents of the book also serve as a quick reference point for scientists working in applied areas of neuroscience including the study of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive dysfunction in living organisms.
Download or read book Gaba in Autism and Related Disorders written by Dirk M. Dhossche and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005-12-07 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was discovered in the brain in 1950 by Eugene Roberts. GABA is now considered one of the most important neurotransmitters and developmental signals. Knowledge on the complexity of GABA function is increasing exponentially. This volume covers basic research on GABA in the developing brain as it may relate to onset of autism and related developmental disorders. The evidence that dysfunction of GABA and related molecules is associated with autism is limited but expanding and seems to converge. Pertinent data are reviewed in this book and new research avenues in the basic and clinical arenas are described. The topics are of imminent interest to basic and clinical researchers as well as interested clinicians. * Discusses the neuropathology of the GABA system in autism * Presents new findings on common genetic mechanisms in Rett syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and autism * Includes information on the shared genetic risk factors between autism and major mental disorders * Foreword by Eugene Roberts
Download or read book Epigenetics and Psychiatric Disease written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-22 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Psychiatric Disease, Volume 157, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, includes recent developments on a variety of topics, including the Epigenetic landscapes of the adversity-exposed brain, Chromosomal conformations and epigenomic regulation in schizophrenia, Progress in the epigenetics of depression, the epigenetics of circadian rhythms in imprinted neurodevelopmental disorders, DNA methylation mediating substance abuse, mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities, DNA methylation in animals model of psychosis, Epigenetics of early life stress, Epigenetic drugs for mood disorders, and more. Accessible to students and researchers alike, with content that appeals to a variety of readers Written by leading authorities in their respective fields of molecular biology
Download or read book The Reeler Mouse as a Model of Brain Development written by Catherine Lambert de Rouvroit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only five years ago, nobody in his right mind would have consid ered publishing a book on reeler as a model for brain develop ment. Although this interesting mutation has been with us for half a century, it is fair to say that, in spite of a wave of enthusiasm in the late sixties and early seventies, generated primarily by Sidman, Caviness and colleagues, studies of reeler mice fell pro gressively out of fashion during the next two decades. All that changed almost overnight when the cloning of the reeler gene, dubbed reelin, was reported in Tom Curran's laboratory in 1995. The fact that the same gene was identified at the same time independently by two other groups using positional cloning sug gested strongly that reelin was the right candidate. Although the key experiments of transgenic rescue have not been made (and perhaps will never be), the equation "reeler is reelin" has been established beyond reasonable doubt, as alterations of the reelin gene and/or its expression have been found in at least five alleles of reeler and in the mutation Shaking Rat Kawasaki (SRK), an ortholog of reeler.
Download or read book Animal Models for Neurodegenerative Disease written by Jesús Avila and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, medical developments have resulted in an increase in human life expectancy. The editors have extensive knowledge and experience in this field and the book is aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates, and academics. The chapters cover Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's, and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Download or read book New treatment perspectives in autism spectrum disorders written by Roberto Canitano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing novel and more effective treatments that improve quality of life for individuals with autism spectrum disorders is urgently needed. To date a wide range of behavioral interventions have been shown to be safe and effective for improving language and cognition and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with ASD. However many people with ASD can receive additional benefit from targeted pharmacological interventions. One of the major drawback in setting up therapeutics intervention is the remarkable individual differences found across individuals with ASD. As a matter of fact the medications that are currently available address only symptoms associated with ASD and not the core domains of social and communication dysfunction. The pathogenesis paradigm shift of ASD towards synaptic abnormalities moved the research to pathway to disease that involve multiple systems and that are becoming the forefront of ASD treatment and are pointing toward the development of new targeted treatments. Some new therapeutics have been tested and others are being studied. In this context single gene disorders frequently associated with ASD such as Rett Syndrome, Fragile X and Tuberous Sclerosis have been of significant aid as neurobiology of these disorders is more clear and has a potential to shed light on the altered signaling in ASD. However much research is needed to further understand the basic mechanisms of disease and the relationship to idiopathic ASD. Clinical trials in children are underway with agents directed to core symptoms and to the associated disorders in the search of new therapeutics and progress are expected with possible new option for therapeutics in ASD in the upcoming future. Children and Adolescents with ASD and their families can provide important information about their experience with new treatments and this should be a priority for future research. In addition, research performed on genetic mouse models of ASD will keep on providing useful information on the molecular pathways dysrupted in the disease, thus contributing to identify novel drug targets.
Download or read book Animal Models Of Neuropsychiatric Diseases written by Michael Koch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal models of neuro- and psychopathological states in humans are an indispensable part of both experimental neurology and biological psychiatry. Written by a team of experts, this book provides an up-to-date detailed overview of the current approaches to the design of viable animal models for eight prominent neuropsychiatric diseases. The book is specifically written with the research-oriented reader in mind — both in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. It contains first-hand information on how to design viable animal models for Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, addiction, depression, fear and anxiety, and schizophrenia. Each chapter also critically discusses the limitations of the animal experimental approach towards an understanding of human neuropsychiatric disorders.The book is an essential source of reference for researchers who seek to successfully continue and elaborate the experimental work that will finally lead to a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of the diseases, as well as to an improvement of both diagnosis and therapy.
Download or read book Reelin Glycoprotein written by S.H. Fatemi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-04 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reelin glycoprotein is a serine protease with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. This comprehensive and integrative book examines the role that reelin plays in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The book provides an unprecedented analysis of this emerging and novel protein by examining evidence from genetic, neuroanatomic, biochemical, and behavioral studies.
Download or read book Golgi Dynamics in Physiological and Pathological Conditions written by Jaakko Saraste and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cutting Edge Preclinical Models in Translational Medicine written by Chiara Attanasio and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico preclinical models hold a widely acknowledged potential, yet complex limitations. For this reason, which has been known for a long time by experimenters and modelers, the translation of “science products” to the clinic is still far. Therefore, there is a raising awareness of the need to bridge this gap by developing integrated and innovative models. Organ and tissue bioengineering is an ideal approach to foster innovative strategies in significant research and clinical areas. Similarly, in translational neuroscience research, this challenge has been taken up by intriguing fish models. However, much research based on novel methodologies has still to be performed to get the bench closer to the bedside.
Download or read book Brain Extracellular Matrix in Health and Disease written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the central nervous system, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, including hyaluronic acid, chondroitin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, tenascins, reelin and agrin, along with their remodelling enzymes, such as neurotrypsin, neuropsin, plasminogen activators, and metalloproteinases, are secreted by neural and non-neural cells into the extracellular space to form the ECM and signal via ECM receptors. Despite recent advances in the ECM field, the importance of neural ECM for physiological and pathological processes is currently less widely recognized than that of other CNS elements. This book will enlighten recent progress in our understanding of mechanisms by which neural ECM, its receptors and activity-dependent ECM remodeling regulate neural development, synaptic plasticity, and contribute to pathological changes in the brain. In the first part, the roles of ECM signaling and proteolytic modification of ECM in neurogenesis, neural migration, axonal pathfinding, synaptogenesis, synaptic and homeostatic plasticity will be discussed. The second part will focus on the emerging ECM-dependent mechanisms associated with CNS injury, epilepsy, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. For further development of neural ECM field, a very important contribution is the third part of the book, which is devoted to neural ECM-targeting tools and therapeutics. The concluding fourth part will highlight advances in development of artificial ECM and ECM-based systems suitable for multisite recording and stimulation of neural cells. Authors are the leading experts in the field of brain extracellular matrix in health and disease Book covers the most important aspects of brain extracellular matrix in health and disease Interesting for both scientists and clinicians
Download or read book Translating Mechanisms of Orofacial Neurological Disorder written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, members of the International Translational Research Network on Orofacial Neurological Disorders and invited experts provide authoritative overviews of new aspects of motor function and sensation relating to neurological disorders in orofacial regions. Orofacial movements constitute fundamental motor patterns with essential roles in consummatory behavior, self-care, defensive and attack behaviors, vocalization and, in higher mammals, verbal as well as non-verbal communication. Clinically, dysfunction in orofacial movement is evident in numerous dental, cranio-maxillo-facial and neuropsychiatric disorders, including dysphagia, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Leading authors review state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist
Download or read book The Crossroads Between Immunological Disorders and Neuropsychiatric Diseases A Case for Schizophrenia written by Silvia Sánchez-Ramón and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
