Download or read book Reducing Electricity Grid Imbalances Through Energy Demand Management of Water Delivery Infrastructure written by Robert Good and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of a water supply utility to perform energy load shifting into periods of energy imbalance on California’s statewide energy grid was investigated for the reclaimed water distribution system operated by the Moulton Niguel Water District in an offline hydraulic model. The energy generation, curtailment, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trends of California’s statewide energy grid operated by the California Independent System Operator were investigated to determine the key time periods to target with energy load shifting. Different energy load shifting scenarios were analyzed to minimize energy consumption, the carbon intensity of energy generated to meet demand, statewide energy curtailment, and statewide energy overgeneration. Reductions in energy use and associated emissions resulted from many of the potential energy load shifting scenarios. The offline hydraulic model demonstrated that it is possible for water delivery utilities to shift energy loads to address statewide energy imbalances while reducing total energy use and GHG emissions without negatively impacting water customer experience.
Download or read book Opportunities for Urban Water Systems to Deliver Demand side Benefits to the Electric Grid written by Jeffrey Scott Vitter (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. electricity grid's ongoing transformation to integrate renewable or distributed generation, address aging infrastructure, and improve grid resilience and reliability all motivate increasing the base of available demand-side resources that offer services to the grid. Water systems have several characteristics relevant to increasing the amount of demand-side services provided to the electric grid, including unique physical and chemical properties, location within urban areas, inextricable linkages between energy and water use, and untapped potential in the space. This research addresses opportunities to provide two types of demand-side service from within the water sector: load management and energy efficiency. Improved pump scheduling at municipal pump stations was explored in a case study to quantify the influence of electric rate design on the amount of load management that water utilities can affordably provide. The analysis found significant potential for electric and water utilities to cooperate on rate design and load scheduling, and that rate structure is a key enabler of mutually beneficial arrangements. Environmental and economic impacts of community-scale water recycling were addressed through the formulation of an optimal capacity and dispatch model. The model was demonstrated in a case study, which found that the community-scale system can be economically feasible in certain areas and might significantly decrease reliance on central water utilities, but that relying on grid electricity will significantly increase demand and associated emissions. The results motivate exploration of community-scale systems within microgrids with increased availability of renewable energy. In the residential sector, very high sampling rate data is used to develop machine learning classifiers to categorize end use water events by appliance type. Classifier performance is shown to improve with the addition of coincident electricity data and dedicated sub-meter data. Results from this work have potential to improve customer awareness of water use and facilitate adoption of efficient appliances or conservation behaviors. This work is extended via a spatio-economic analysis of cost effectiveness for residential water-related appliance retrofits. The analysis unites novel data sets to create an interactive online tool that allows users to evaluate energy savings and avoided emissions based on heterogenous usage, behavioral parameters, and geographic factors. Together, this body of research identifies promising opportunities for new technology, operational strategies, and policies within the water sector to support ongoing transformation towards a cleaner, responsive, and resilient electric grid.
Download or read book The Energy water Nexus written by Jill Blosk Kjellsson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The water sector is responsible for a significant portion of energy use. Energy is required for water treatment, water distribution, wastewater collection and wastewater treatment. There is significant benefit to water utilities that can be gained by understanding how much energy, what type of energy, and at what time of day energy is being used. The Austin Water Utility (AWU) is a useful testbed for examining the energy use for each specific step of the process due to the availability of data and the fact that the majority of Texas (both in terms of population and land area) is serviced by a single electric grid. This research examines the type and quantity of energy used by AWU. From an electricity supply perspective, electric utilities work year round to ensure that there is enough electricity in their generation portfolios to meet the high loads that their customers demand, and to assure that the electric distribution grid is capable of providing the transmission requirements of that electricity. System peak demand is the largest amount of electricity consumed by a utility's customers at any given time. Therefore electric utilities, such as Austin Energy, create and market their energy efficiency programs to help reduce this peak and avoid the need to build new generation capacity which can be expensive. Because AWU is one of Austin Energy's largest customers, AWU's ability to shift its energy use from on-peak to mid-peak and off-peak time periods can contribute towards reducing the peak, and can help avoid the need for new generation capacity. This analysis finds that AWU can reduce its electricity demand during peak periods by making use of reservoir capacity, i.e. by filling its reservoirs prior to peak time and draining them during peak periods. This proposed pumping schedule could save AWU up to 29% of its monthly electricity costs under current Austin Energy time-of-use rate (as opposed to flat rate) structures at the specific pump station analyzed as part of this research. Together, state-wide water utilities provide even more opportunities for the interconnected Electric Reliability Council of Texas' (ERCOTs) grid that are also evaluated in this research.
Download or read book Demand Flexibility Models for Urban Water Utilities written by Jose Bolorinos and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban water utilities face converging imperatives to adapt to water supply disruptions and to a decarbonizing electricity grid. Demand management offers a cost-effective source of flexibility to utilities ¬-- allowing them to shape use of existing infrastructure for optimal service reliability and resource use efficiency with minimal investments in new, energy intensive infrastructure systems. Flexible management of the sector's energy demand can also provide scalable energy services to the grid as it accommodates more variable renewable electricity sources. Despite this promise, the realizable benefits of demand flexibility are limited by uncertainties about the complex behaviors of infrastructure users and systems. Planning for demand flexibility requires scalable, data driven modeling tools that can quantify these uncertainties. In this work, I explore two demand flexibility planning problems operating at different space and time scales relevant to a water utility's operations. The first is an urban water utility considering water supplies and conservation a semi-arid service area with frequent and prolonged seasonal water shortages. The second is a wastewater facility planning energy flexibility upgrades to limit power consumption during peak hours -- while ensuring reliable wastewater treatment. Chapters 2-3 address the first demand management problem. In Chapter 2, I develop a closed-loop water consumption analytics tool that uses customer billing data, ensemble learning, and unsupervised change detection to pinpoint the timing and magnitude of customer-level water use shifts during and after droughts. Case study results from Southern California's Mesa Water district during the severe 2012-2016 drought show consumption reductions averaging 35-40% among 80% of customers in 2013-2016. Roughly 75% of these occurred before mandatory urban watering restrictions in May 2015, coinciding instead with spikes in drought media coverage and public awareness. Chapter 3 builds on the tool developed in Chapter 2 to better understand consumption rebound after drought conditions improve. I apply survival analysis to detected 2014-2015 water savings, finding that only 25% of savers had rebounded to prior consumption levels by 2019. Survival models indicate that drought conservation persists for 8 years on average, is significantly longer in politically progressive neighborhoods, and is unrelated to receipt of water-efficiency upgrade rebates from Mesa Water. Chapter 4 explores solutions to the second demand management problem. I develop a data-driven energy flexibility planning tool for wastewater treatment facilities seeking to limit their power consumption during time-of-use hours. The tool uses statistical learning and process modeling to simulate how existing wet-weather water storage and short-term biogas storage systems can be reliably repurposed for load shifting and peak shaving. Techno-economic analysis of multiple simulation runs evaluates the commercial viability of energy flexibility upgrades given expected bill savings. Results find commercially viable investments in energy flexibility, with annual returns of 0.6-4.2% and payback periods less than 8 years. Tapping into existing, untapped sources of energy flexibility yields bill savings of as much as 6% at minimal upfront cost. Although they are different, these two demand flexibility problems are part of an integrated water infrastructure planning problem that encompasses multiple technology systems and their users. For water supply planners, the short-term drivers of customers' seasonal "drought demand response" buffers and subsequent readjustments are key to understanding the adequacy of current water supplies -- and the need for long-term infrastructure investments. For wastewater utilities, knowing the complementary value of indirect energy storage embedded in their operations allows more cost-effective use of existing treatment infrastructure, operationalizing a large and untapped source of energy flexibility that can be profitably deployed by energy infrastructure operators as they integrate variable renewable generation.
Download or read book Water for the Future written by U.S. National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-09 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of a joint research effort led by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and involving the Royal Scientific Society of Jordan, the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the Palestine Health Council. It discusses opportunities for enhancement of water supplies and avoidance of overexploitation of water resources in the Middle East. Based on the concept that ecosystem goods and services are essential to maintaining water quality and quantity, the book emphasizes conservation, improved use of current technologies, and water management approaches that are compatible with environmental quality.
Download or read book Reforms and External Imbalances written by Rabah Arezki and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank economists expect GDP growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) to continue at a modest pace of 1.5 percent in 2019, slightly down from 1.6 percent in 2018. The declme reflects a contraction in one large economy, which more than offsets growth in other countries. In the medium term, the World Bank expects real GDP in the MENA to grow at 3.4 percent and 2.7 percent in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The expected upswing is partially driven by ongoing policy reforms, as well as reconstruction efforts in some countries. However, MENA's modest recovery will be insufficient to change its historically low growth in per capita GDP. External factors are unlikely to pull the region out of its low-growth equilibrium. In addition, many countries in the region have persistent current account deficits. A recent deterioration in external balances across MENA constrained the region's ability to finance these deficits. Although the region has a low risk of experiencing sudden reversals in capital inflows in the short run, structural reforms capable of raising aggregate labor productivity are urgently needed to gradually reduce external imbalances. The report concludes by providing examples of reforms in fiscal policies, trade-related policies, social protection and labor markets, and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in network industries.
Download or read book Infrastructure for a Climate Resilient Future written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-09 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses ways of enhancing government capacities to prevent, react and rebuild, thereby minimising the impact of natural disasters on infrastructure assets and operations. It identifies data, collaboration and technologies as drivers of resilience, and highlights financial resources, technical skills and regulatory frameworks as key enablers. The report presents seven actionable principles to ensure infrastructure resilience, drawing from global good practices and in-depth analyses of infrastructure projects in Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mozambique and the United States.
Download or read book The Power of Change written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity, supplied reliably and affordably, is foundational to the U.S. economy and is utterly indispensable to modern society. However, emissions resulting from many forms of electricity generation create environmental risks that could have significant negative economic, security, and human health consequences. Large-scale installation of cleaner power generation has been generally hampered because greener technologies are more expensive than the technologies that currently produce most of our power. Rather than trade affordability and reliability for low emissions, is there a way to balance all three? The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies considers how to speed up innovations that would dramatically improve the performance and lower the cost of currently available technologies while also developing new advanced cleaner energy technologies. According to this report, there is an opportunity for the United States to continue to lead in the pursuit of increasingly clean, more efficient electricity through innovation in advanced technologies. The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies makes the case that America's advantagesâ€"world-class universities and national laboratories, a vibrant private sector, and innovative states, cities, and regions that are free to experiment with a variety of public policy approachesâ€"position the United States to create and lead a new clean energy revolution. This study focuses on five paths to accelerate the market adoption of increasing clean energy and efficiency technologies: (1) expanding the portfolio of cleaner energy technology options; (2) leveraging the advantages of energy efficiency; (3) facilitating the development of increasing clean technologies, including renewables, nuclear, and cleaner fossil; (4) improving the existing technologies, systems, and infrastructure; and (5) leveling the playing field for cleaner energy technologies. The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies is a call for leadership to transform the United States energy sector in order to both mitigate the risks of greenhouse gas and other pollutants and to spur future economic growth. This study's focus on science, technology, and economic policy makes it a valuable resource to guide support that produces innovation to meet energy challenges now and for the future.
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2008 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2008 Dept of Energy FY 2008 budget justifications budget highlights NNSA other defense activities written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book South Africa s Water Predicament written by Anja du Plessis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a critical evaluation of South Africa’s freshwater resources to illustrate the way in which its freshwater resources, water access, services and infrastructure have continued to decline over the past three decades. The continued decline of water governance, management, water service delivery, dilapidated water infrastructure, dysfunctional local governments and overall excessive water degradation is illustrated and emphasized using real-life examples and case studies from various contexts within the country. The main argument of the book is that South Africa’s freshwater resources have declined to such an extent that it can be described as a predicament. Questionable water governance decisions and reactive water management practices have led to no improvement and/or increased degradation of freshwater resources. An overall lack of service delivery exists across the country, in various contexts, leading to further water and social decline. An inter-disciplinary evaluation of South Africa’s current water predicament is provided, major water crises are prioritized, and suitable recommendations are given to transform its predicament into problems which can be addressed. Suitable background information is given to emphasize the necessity of good water governance, management, and service delivery. South Africa’s freshwater resources are evaluated with specific focus on the decline of informed water governance, management, service delivery and water quality. Factors requiring urgent attention are determined and suitable recommendations and/or actions are provided. An evaluation and overall synthesis focused on the transformation of the predicament into problems is provided. Primary water problems are prioritized according to urgency and suitable recommendations are given to assist in transforming the country’s current complex water predicament into “simpler” water problems. Political will, collaboration with researchers, stakeholders, non-governmental organizations, and cooperation of civil society is required. South Africa’s already scarce freshwater resources and decaying infrastructure will persist and possibly collapse if no major actions or interventions are implemented.
Download or read book Water Electricity and the Poor written by Kristin Komives and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the prevalence and variants of consumer subsidies found in the developing world and the effectiveness of these subsidies for the poor. It places consumer subsidies in a broader social protection framework and compares them with poverty-focused programmes in other sectors using a common metric. It concludes that the most common subsidy instruments perform poorly in comparison with most other transfer mechanisms. Alternative consumption and connection subsidy mechanisms show more promise, especially when combined with complementary non-price approaches to making utility services accessible and affordable to poor households. The many factors contributing to those outcomes are dissected, identifying those that can be controlled and used to improve performance.
Download or read book ANCIENT INDIA TO INNOVATION INDIA written by GAUTAM SHARMA and published by GAUTAM SHARMA. This book was released on 2024-08-13 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient India to Innovation India: India's 12,000-Year Heritage Unleash the Hidden Giant: A Journey Through India's Timeless Legacy Discover the India that time forgot. A land where human civilization first blossomed, and innovation was a way of life. Ancient India to Innovation India is not just a book; it's a time machine, transporting you through 12,000 years of unparalleled human achievement. Constantly innovating from Cradle of Civilization to Global Tech Hub Renowned author Gautam Sharma (India chronicler)unveils India's extraordinary saga, a story often overlooked or misunderstood. This meticulously researched masterpiece illuminates the path from the pioneers of human speech, mathematics, medicine,astronomy, metallurgy, textiles, spices, and spirituality to India's continuing status as a global innovation powerhouse over millennia. Key Highlights: Unearth Forgotten Chapters: Delve into the hidden depths of India's illustrious history, uncovering groundbreaking discoveries that shaped the world. Witness the Birth of Knowledge: Explore the scientific, intellectual, and spiritual genius/ which laid the foundation for modern thought. Celebrate India's Enduring Spirit: Discover how India's rich cultural tapestry has fueled innovation and resilience for millennia. Embrace the Future: Understand how India's ancient wisdom is propelling the nation into a new era of technological leadership. Why This Book Matters In an age of rapid change, Ancient India to Innovation India offers a profound perspective. It's a clarion call to recognize India's immense contributions to human civilization and a blueprint for its future. Are you ready to challenge your perceptions and ignite your passion for India's story? This book is your key to unlocking the secrets of a nation that has always been ahead of its time. Order your copy today and embark on an epic journey through time. Widely Acclaimed & Endorsed Keywords: Ancient India, Innovation India, Indian history, Indian culture, Ancient to Modern India, Indian heritage, civilization, technology, spirituality philosophy, discovery, research, Ancient India to Modern Marvel. Target Audience: Casual readers, History buffs, culture enthusiasts, students, researchers, policymakers, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of India's role in the world. Call to Action: Click now to order your copy and become part of India's inspiring legacy!
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2015 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2015 U S Corps of Engineers Bureau of Reclamation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Carbon Smart Cities written by Kwi-Gon Kim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to integrate climate mitigation and adaptation tools into conventional urban planning. It emphasizes the value and importance of ICT as connected technology. The author believes that ICT and IOT can facilitate controlling climate change attributes when deployed with appropriate ingredients and composition in cities in an integrated comprehensive manner. It was written with the author's firm belief that cities play an important role in mitigating climate change by reducing energy consumption, promoting the use of renewable energy sources, or by trading emission permits and selling Certified Emission Rights (CERs). This book looks at green growth based on the circular economy using green smart technology as a sustainable tool for green economic development. Also for climate change adaptation, cities have to take actions to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change on people, property and ecosystems in the urban planning process. It has been written with the author's works for Urban Environment Accords (UEA) and International Urban Training Center (IUTC) in collaboration with UNEP, World Bank, UNFCCC and UN-HABITAT. It can be used as a training source book for city climate planners and urban practitioners of local governments. It will be utilized as a more practical guidebook for climate change policy makers as well as a futuristic research agenda for next generations.
Download or read book Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation s Electricity System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.
