Download or read book Reducing Alcohol Exposed Pregnancies written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol misuse is a serious, worldwide public health issue that can result in a wide range of physical, psychological, and social problems affecting the individual, the family, and the community. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy increases a woman's risk of having a baby with birth defects and developmental disabilities. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is recognized as the cause of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). FASD is a term used to define the spectrum of physical, mental, behavioral, and/ or learning disabilities that can result from prenatal alcohol exposure. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is one of the most severe outcomes of drinking alcohol during pregnancy and is characterized by facial malformations, growth deficits, and neurodevelopmental problems. Efforts have been underway for several decades to develop strategies to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEPs) and reduce the risk of FASDs. In 2002, the National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect (NTFFASFAE), a federal advisory committee, released its first recommendations. Among these recommendations were several items focused on prevention, including recommending the reissuance of the U.S. Surgeon General's advisory on drinking during pregnancy [4] and the development of a report to review the evidence for effective prevention and treatment strategies for women at risk for or engaging in prenatal alcohol use. In 2004, after deliberations on and publication of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Guidelines for Referral and Diagnosis [5], the NTFFASFAE decided to focus its attention on FASD prevention. The Task Force Prevention Working Group (PWG) was established to guide the development of a report describing evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce AEPs and outline recommendations to further promote the implementation of such strategies. To accomplish this, the staff of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities engaged the Community Guide Branch at CDC's National Center for Health Marketing and Research Triangle Institute International (RTI) to assist the PWG in this work. RTI conducted a systematic search of the literature to identify community-level FASD interventions and policies that can prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies and reduce the prevalence of physical, mental, behavioral, and learning disabilities due to prenatal alcohol exposure. The review focused on community-level interventions and policies because other systematic reviews either have been completed or are currently under way to explore both clinical interventions and population-based strategies addressing alcohol misuse. For example, in 2004, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force engaged in a systematic review that resulted in clinical recommendations on screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care settings to reduce alcohol misuse [6]. Also, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services, coordinated by CDC, is actively engaged in systematic reviews to assess the effectiveness of population-based alcohol prevention strategies that affect people in the general population, including women of childbearing age. This report reviews the current evidence on prevention strategies to reduce AEPs, provides recommendations on promoting and improving these strategies, and offers future research directions in the field of FASD prevention. This document also serves as a guide for those in the research and practice fields interested in selecting and implementing effective, scientifically tested interventions for women at risk for an AEP. In addition, the report also highlights the importance of continued collaboration across federal, state, and local agencies; academia; medical and social service delivery systems; and families to integrate scientific findings into public health prevention strategies.
Download or read book Women and Drinking Preventing Alcohol Exposed Pregnancies written by Mary Marden Velasquez and published by Hogrefe Publishing GmbH. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential resource for anyone providing help or services to women at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Drinking during pregnancy can cause a range of disabilities that have lifelong effects yet are 100% preventable. A variety of brief motivational behavioral interventions developed for nonpregnant women of childbearing age can effectively prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEP). This book outlines clinical definitions and the history of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), epidemiology and effects across the lifespan, evidence-based prevention practices such as CHOICES and CHOICES-like interventions, and opportunities for dissemination. Based on decades of scientific research and clinical refinement, this volume is packed with helpful illustrative case vignettes, therapist–patient dialogues, sample forms, and handouts. The information and resources presented will help a wide variety of practitioners in diverse settings, ranging from high-risk settings such as mental health and substance abuse treatment centers to primary care clinics and universities, deliver interventions targeting behavior change.
Download or read book Reducing Alcohol exposed Pregnancies written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a collaborative effort of the National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect (NTFFASFAE), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) FAS Prevention Team, National Center for Health Marketing Community Guide Branch, and Research Triangle Institute International (RTI). Evidence for this report began with a systematic search of the literature to identify community-level FASD interventions and policies that can prevent AEPs and reduce the prevalence of physical, mental, behavioral, and learning disabilities due to prenatal alcohol exposure. This evidence, along with the findings and recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force on behavioral counseling interventions for alcohol misuse, helped lay the groundwork for the information presented in this report. The report reviews the current evidence on prevention strategies to reduce alcohol use and AEPs, provides recommendations on promoting and improving these strategies, and offers future research directions in the field of FASD prevention. It also serves as a guide for those in the research and practice fields interested in selecting and implementing effective, scientifically tested interventions for women at risk for an AEP.
Download or read book Choices a Program for Women about Choosing Healthy Behaviors to Avoid Alcohol Exposed Pregnancies written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States. Studies from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) find that each year approximately 500,000 pregnant women report they drank alcohol in the past month, and approximately 80,000 pregnant women report binge drinking (five or more drinks on any one occasion). Fetal exposure to alcohol results in a spectrum of adverse effects that has been termed Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), with the brain and central nervous system being particularly sensitive to the effects of alcohol. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy can have profound and life-long consequences for children. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is one of the most involved conditions along the spectrum and affects up to two out of every 1,000 infants born each year in the United States. The estimated lifetime cost of FAS is $2 million per case, with an annual cost for all cases of $4 billion to the nation. Most women reduce alcohol consumption after learning they are pregnant. Others do not recognize they are pregnant in the early weeks of gestation and continue to drink at high levels. Among women of childbearing age (18–44 years), more than half report they drank alcohol in the past month, and one in eight reports binge drinking in the past month. Women who are planning to become pregnant or are at risk of becoming pregnant should avoid using alcohol if they are sexually active and not using contraception. Studies find that about half of all pregnancies in the U.S. are unplanned. About half of these unplanned pregnancies occur in women who are using contraception but not effectively. Enhancing effective contraception in women who are drinking at risk levels could help them avoid having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). This manual is based on a multisite, evidence-based intervention study. In that study, investigators found the CHOICES intervention could help women lower their risk of an AEP by reducing drinking; beginning consistent, effective contraception use, or both. The study, a randomized controlled trial conducted from 2002 to 2005, tested the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention in reducing the risk of an AEP in preconceptional women by focusing on risky drinking and ineffective contraception use. A total of 830 nonpregnant women, aged 18–44 years and currently at risk for an AEP, were recruited in six diverse settings in Florida, Texas, and Virginia. Participants were randomized to either receive information and a brief motivational intervention or to receive information only. The brief motivational intervention consisted of four counseling sessions and contraception consultation. At some sites women could receive an additional gynecology service visit as part of CHOICES. The results of the study showed women receiving the intervention were more than twice as likely to have reduced risks for an AEP as women who did not receive the intervention. Therefore, this motivational intervention could reduce the risk of an AEP and should be considered for broad dissemination. The CHOICES efficacy study won the 2008 Charles C. Shepard Science Award at CDC for excellence in prevention and control. Although the original study used “eight or more participant inclusion, it is now recommended that “more than seven drinks per week” or “more than three drinks on one occasion” be used as criteria for inclusion, consistent with guidelines from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This advice also is consistent with the Surgeon General's 2007 recommendation.
Download or read book Choices written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidelines for the Identification and Management of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders in Pregnancy written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines have been developed to enable professionals to assist women who are pregnant, or have recently had a child, and who use alcohol or drugs or who have a substance use disorder, to achieve healthy outcomes for themselves and their fetus or infant. They have been developed in response to requests from organizations, institutions and individuals for technical guidance on the identification and management of alcohol, and other substance use and substance use disorders in pregnant women. They were developed in tandem with the WHO recommendations for the prevention and management of tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in pregnancy.
Download or read book Predicting Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy written by Arianna Zitano Smith and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People exposed to alcohol in the womb can experience lifelong physical and developmental problems known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). The resulting short- and long-term health outcomes of individuals with FASD-related problems, including FAS, create a significant fiscal burden on families, communities, and American taxpayers, who pay for medical treatment, long-term care, and loss of productivity resulting from healthcare institutionalization or criminal detention. It is possible to prevent prenatal exposure and FASDs, including FAS, by ensuring that pregnant women, as well as those who are trying to get pregnant or likely to get pregnant, abstain from alcohol, but many women continue to drink in spite of the serious health risks to their fetuses. Using publicly available data about pregnant women living in the United States between the ages of 18-44 from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System annual health survey, I endeavored to determine which characteristics of American pregnant women best predict whether they report alcohol consumption. In examining this topic, I used binomial logit regression analysis to determine how several broad causal factors predict the dependent variable of whether or not pregnant women report alcohol consumption. Additionally, I compared the results of the analysis to the federal Center for Disease Control's Project CHOICES intervention program, a program designed to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies by identifying women at high risk of drinking alcohol while pregnant, helping them reduce or cease alcohol consumption, and providing contraceptive counseling. I found that several demographic and personal characteristics help predict whether a woman reports alcohol consumption during pregnancy, including age, race, marital status, health insurance access, level of education completed, employment status, and state of residence. I found that the Project CHOICES program included several useful intervention techniques for reaching at-risk women, but that the program and others like it may need to adjust the criteria for identifying at-risk women in order to reach and treat more women. With the combined results of this regression analysis and case study, policy makers can adjust their current programs, or better target their outreach efforts, to help change the behavior of those groups of women who are at greatest risk for consuming alcohol during pregnancy. In this thesis, I recommend that policy makers who wish to reduce drinking among pregnant women should focus on targeting certain populations of women for public messaging and enrollment in public health programs, as well as addressing certain external factors that could lead to lower drinking rates among pregnant women.
Download or read book Fetal Alcohol Syndrome written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-04-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It sounds simple: Women who drink while pregnant may give birth to children with defects, so women should not drink during pregnancy. Yet in the 20 years since it was first described in the medical literature, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has proved to be a stubborn problem, with consequences as serious as those of the more widely publicized "crack babies." This volume discusses FAS and other possibly alcohol-related effects from two broad perspectives: diagnosis and surveillance, and prevention and treatment. In addition, it includes several real-life vignettes of FAS children. The committee examines fundamental concepts for setting diagnostic criteria in general, reviews and updates the diagnostic criteria for FAS and related conditions, and explores current research findings and problems associated with FAS epidemiology and surveillance. In addition, the book describes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to research on the prevention and treatment of FAS. The committee: Discusses levels of preventive intervention. Reviews available data about women and alcohol abuse and treatment among pregnant women. Explores the psychological and behavioral consequences of FAS at different ages. Examines the current state of knowledge about medical and therapeutic interventions, education efforts, and family support programs. This volume will be of special interest to physicians, nurses, mental health practitioners, school and public health officials, policymakers, researchers, educators, and anyone else involved in serving families and children, especially in high risk populations.
Download or read book Best Practices Fetal Alcohol Syndrome fetal Alcohol Effects and the Effects of Other Substance Use During Pregnancy written by Gary Roberts and published by Division. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed by the Government of Canada Depository Services Program.
Download or read book Alcohol Pregnancy and the Developing Child written by Hans-Ludwig Spohr and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-08-22 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative 1996 publication was the first to review comprehensively the important relationship between maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy and the resulting in utero damage to the child, and the results of this damage during the development of affected children. It includes important contributions by leading and internationally acclaimed clinicians and researchers. The first part of the book discusses clinical issues of alcohol teratogenicity, the clinical picture of fetal alcohol syndrome, and the epidemiology of maternal alcohol abuse and the developmental outcome of the children. The second part addresses pathogenesis and neuropathology, whilst part three reviews developmental issues in the growing child. The final part evaluates approaches to rehabilitation and intervention, and reviews social and public health issues. This comprehensive account will be of interest to gynaecologists, obstetricians, midwives, neonatologists and paediatricians, and for child and adolescent psychiatrists and psychologists.
Download or read book Substance Abuse During Pregnancy and Childhood written by Roland R. Watson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol and other drugs of abuse cause significant physi ological changes, especially during development. The effects on the infant and child range from severe mental retardation to mild changes in activity and neurological functions. Although the level of intake needed to cause fetal damage is not clear, the magnitude of the problem is significant, with many long-term sequelae. As a result, it becomes critical to better diagnose and manage drug and alcohol use during pregnancy. This must involve special training for health care professionals. In addi tion, recognition of the psychosocial factors affecting alcohol use, especially by youth and young adults, is critical to modi fying behavior, and thus reducing fetal alcohol exposure. Cultural considerations can also come into play in modi fying alcohol and drug use by women so as to reduce fetal damage. The trends in alcohol and drug use by youth forecast rising levels of damage to infants. These children will need extensive medical and educational care for years to decades. Clearly, understanding of the role women must take in modifying their alcohol and drug use during pregnancy will facilitate changes in our cultural and educational practices that will help reduce fetal trauma from alcohol.
Download or read book Preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders written by Todd T. Russell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) present serious problems for the twenty-first century. These disorders describe a variety of neurological and behavioral deficits that result from exposure of an unborn child to alcohol during pregnancy. While thousands of children are diagnosed with FASD annually, FASD is completely preventable if women refrain from consuming alcohol while pregnant. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an evidence-based and culturally relevant FASD prevention program among adolescent and adult Hispanic females residing along the South Texas border with Mexico. All 239 youth and adult participants were concurrently receiving substance use intervention and/or treatment services from at least one of seven different programs operated by a single non-profit social services agency. The participants received the "Project CHOICES" intervention, which helps prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies by focusing on reducing drinking and using contraception. The findings of this investigation indicated that women who successfully completed the FASD Prevention Program demonstrated increased effectiveness of birth control use and decreased use and abuse of alcohol. The empirical success of Project CHOICES and the FASD Prevention Program examined in this study serve as support for the goal of incorporating FASD information and contraceptive education into school-based recovery programs and community-based substance abuse intervention and treatment programs for adolescent and adult females. (Contains 2 tables.).
Download or read book Methodological Examination of Screening Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Illicit Substances written by Moumita Sarkar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the leading non-genetic cause of brain damage. In an effort to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies, steps are needed to identify at risk women as early as possible so that appropriate intervention can occur. The objective of this dissertation was to examine screening methods validated in identifying pregnant women at risk for consuming alcohol and illicit drugs during pregnancy. A systematic review identified three main approaches including maternal self-report, use of standardized questionnaires and detection via biological markers. Since most screening tools were developed in alcoholic women, it was important to examine performance in problem drinkers. Alcohol screening tools (ASQ), currently the best method of predicting prenatal problem drinking, were not effective in a cohort representative of problem drinkers. ASQ performance improved minimally, using higher thresholds, but not enough to be used alone. Provider's knowledge of complexities inherent in women under their care is an important component in screening. As illicit drug use is an important predictor of problem drinking, identifying maternal risk factors associated with substance use was necessary. Increased rates of STD's, untreated psychiatric disorders, binge drinking and heavy smoking were all identified as predictors of prenatal methamphetamine (MA) use. These factors, combined with high rates of unplanned pregnancies have serious adverse implications for the fetus. The most widely used method to screen for illicit substance use is based on a practice-based approach that relies heavily on maternal self-report. Most providers do not ask about alcohol and substance use in the absence of a high index of suspicion due to the assumption that patient will deny use. But evidence suggests that maternal account can be accurate in a supportive environment. The last study examines the agreement between self-reported data, in comparison to illicit drug use based on positive hair test results. A reasonable agreement between the two approaches of identification demonstrates that maternal self-report can be reliable in women who are motivated enough to seek prenatal care. No single approach is sufficient to effectively identify at risk women. However, combining two or more methods will improve screening and help reduce the number of alcohol-exposed pregnancies.
Download or read book Clinical Maternal Fetal Medicine written by Hung N. Winn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-15 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal-fetal medicine has evolved over the last three decades to become a well-established discipline. The current understanding of maternal physiology and pathophysiology has allowed us to obtain more accurate diagnoses and to provide more effective treatments of medical, surgical, and obstetrical maternal complications. More importantly, the fetus has become a distinct individual whose in utero environment has become much more accessible to study, diagnose, and treatment. Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine addresses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of common medical and obstetrical maternal complications and fetal complications. It provides a concise and timely review of clinically relevant topics in this discipline. The textbook is a comprehensive reference covering the wide range of disciplines that make up maternal-fetal medicine.
Download or read book Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Abuse Treatment written by William R. Miller and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is based on a rethinking of the concept of motivation, which is redefined here as purposeful, intentional, & positive -- directed toward the person's best interests. This report shows how substance abuse treat. staff can influence change by developing a therapeutic relationship that respects & builds on the client's autonomy & makes the treat. clinician a partner in the change process. Describes motivational interventions that can be used at all stages of the change process, from pre-contemplation & preparation to action & maintenance, & informs readers of the research, results, tools, & assessment instruments related to enhancing motivation.
Download or read book Pregnancy and Alcohol Consumption written by Joshua D. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prenatal alcohol exposure has been directly implicated in a wide range of deficits that adversely influence the development of affected individuals. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term referring to a continuum of effects that occur in individuals who were prenatally exposed to alcohol. FASD is a permanent birth defect, and a leading cause of mental retardation and developmental delay. This book gathers the latest research in the study of pregnancy and alcohol consumption from authors around the globe, including the biochemistry of prenatal alcohol exposure; research on interventions to prevent alcohol consumption during pregnancy; medico-legal considerations concerning foetal alcohol spectrum disorders; life as an adult with foetal alcohol syndrome; and biological markers of exposure of the foetus to alcohol during pregnancy.
Download or read book Women and Drinking Preventing Alcohol Exposed Pregnancies written by Mary Marden Velasquez and published by Hogrefe Publishing GmbH. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential resource for anyone providing help or services to women at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Drinking during pregnancy can cause a range of disabilities that have lifelong effects yet are 100% preventable. A variety of brief motivational behavioral interventions developed for nonpregnant women of childbearing age can effectively prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEP). This book outlines clinical definitions and the history of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), epidemiology and effects across the lifespan, evidence-based prevention practices such as CHOICES and CHOICES-like interventions, and opportunities for dissemination. Based on decades of scientific research and clinical refinement, this volume is packed with helpful illustrative case vignettes, therapist–patient dialogues, sample forms, and handouts. The information and resources presented will help a wide variety of practitioners in diverse settings, ranging from high-risk settings such as mental health and substance abuse treatment centers to primary care clinics and universities, deliver interventions targeting behavior change.
