Download or read book Recovery of Pacific Salmonids Oncorhynchus Spp in the Face of Climate Change written by Rebecca María Quiñones and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is predicted to alter aquatic habitats to the extent that many imperiled salmon and trout species (salmonids; Oncorhynchus spp.) face an escalating threat of extinction in California. This dissertation examines the impacts of climate change on salmonids from the Klamath River basin, the second largest river system in California, and now most likely the primary producer of wild salmonids in the state. The first chapter summarizes the effects of climate change on rivers within the basin, the Klamath River estuary, and coastal Pacific Ocean, as well as expected responses of different salmonid taxa. Climate change also is expected to exacerbate the negative impacts of multiple anthropogenic stressors already threatening species persistence, including dam operations, water diversions, fisheries harvest, and hatchery practices. The second chapter describes the trends of spawning adult numbers (escapement) of different taxa from several sub-basins. Trends of fall, spring and late-fall Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) numbers suggest that Klamath River salmonids are becoming increasingly dependent on hatchery propagation and that hatchery-produced fish are replacing wild ones. Consequently, species can become unable to endure changing environmental conditions, including those associated with climate change. The third chapter analyzes the effects of climatic forcing, habitat quality, and population dynamics on populations of four taxa. Resource management will need to address multiple factors acting on taxa at different time scales if salmonids are to persist into the next century.

Download or read book Pacific Salmon their Ecosystems written by Deanna J. Stouder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symposium "Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options',' and this book resulted from initial efforts in 1992 by Robert J. Naiman and Deanna J. Stouder to examine the problem of declining Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Our primary goal was to determine informational gaps. As we explored different scientific sources, state, provincial, and federal agencies, as well as non-profit and fishing organizations, we found that the information existed but was not being communicated across institutional and organizational boundaries. At this juncture, we decided to create a steering committee and plan a symposium to bring together researchers, managers, and resource users. The steering committee consisted of members from state and federal agencies, non-profit organizations, and private industry (see Acknowledgments for names and affiliations). In February 1993, we met at the University of Washington in Seattle to begin planning the symposium. The steering committee spent the next four months developing the conceptual framework for the symposium and the subsequent book. Our objectives were to accomplish the following: (1) assess changes in anadromous Pacific Northwest salmonid populations, (2) examine factors responsible for those changes, and (3) identify options available to society to restore Pacific salmon in the Northwest. The symposium on Pacific Salmon was held in Seattle, Washington, January 10-12, 1994. Four hundred and thirty-five people listened to oral presentations and examined more than forty posters over two and a half days. We made a deliberate attempt to draw in speakers and attendees from outside the Pacific Northwest.

Download or read book Climate Impacts on Pacific Salmon written by Richard James Beamish and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book From the Edge written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Swimming Performance Metabolic Rate and Recovery of Adult Pacific Salmon Oncorhynchus Spp with Consideration of Temperature Effects microform written by Chris G. Lee and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2002 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pacific Salmon written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainable Fisheries Management written by E. Eric Knudsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What has happened to the salmon resource in the Pacific Northwest? Who is responsible and what can be done to reverse the decline in salmon populations? The responsibly falls on everyone involved - fishermen, resource managers and concerned citizens alike - to take the steps necessary to ensure that salmon populations make a full recovery. T

Download or read book Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models written by E. Eric Knudsen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pathways to Resilience written by Daniel L. Bottom and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Large scale Exogenous Forcing of Long term Pacific Salmon Production and Ecosystem Interactions in Western North America written by Daniel Thomas Selbie and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) production strongly influences the ecosystems, cultures and economies of the Northeast Pacific. Historical variability in population sizes is complex, reflecting natural and human drivers. The nature and extent of such 'exogenous' controls on salmon and their nursery ecosystems are poorly understood, a significant impediment to sustainable fisheries management. Novel applications of paleolimnology demonstrate that past sockeye salmon abundances and nursery system ecology can be reconstructed from lake sediments. This thesis focuses on employing these techniques to establish the forcing mechanisms underlying salmon population and ecosystem dynamics, and determine the effects and interactions of fisheries management. I provided the first reconstruction for a southern North American stock, which demonstrated the influences of both conspicuous (e.g. commercial fishery, main-stem damming) and uncertain human impacts (e.g. local damming) on endangered salmon declines. By reconstructing ecological variability at multiple trophic levels, I established that rehabilitative management (e.g. fish stocking) may have permanently altered nursery lake rearing capacity, a change potentially reinforced by recent atmospheric changes. This work highlights significant impediments to ongoing recovery efforts. I extended my analysis of salmon management by exploring the interactive impacts of exotic salmon stocking on a remote northern lake. I demonstrated the utility of long-term data in pre-emptively understanding the complex impacts of stocking by documenting the long-term trajectories in limnological conditions. Integrating modeling, limnological and paleolimnological analyses, I determined that climate change and salmon introductions compound to alter chemical, physical and biological lake variables, ultimately altering ecosystem structure and functioning. Finally I reconstructed salmon abundances over the past six millennia, the longest record and the first Canadian example to date, demonstrating salmon production is cyclical and far more variable than observed in the monitoring record. My analyses established that North Pacific salmon production is forced by ocean-atmospheric teleconnections ultimately linked to climatic variability in the tropical Pacific. Further analyses provided the first evidence for a possible solar forcing of Holocene salmon production on both orbital and higher frequency time scales. Cumulatively this research improves our understanding of the processes underlying variability in Pacific salmon and their natal ecosystems, important to ecologically-informed future management.

Download or read book Salmon Without Rivers written by Jim Lichatowich and published by . This book was released on 1999-08 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fundamentally, the salmon's decline has been the consequence of a vision based on flawed assumptions and unchallenged myths.... We assumed we could control the biological productivity of salmon and 'improve' upon natural processes that we didn't even try to understand. We assumed we could have salmon without rivers." --from the introduction From a mountain top where an eagle carries a salmon carcass to feed its young to the distant oceanic waters of the California current and the Alaskan Gyre, salmon have penetrated the Northwest to an extent unmatched by any other animal. Since the turn of the twentieth century, the natural productivity of salmon in Oregon, Washington, California, and Idaho has declined by eighty percent. The decline of Pacific salmon to the brink of extinction is a clear sign of serious problems in the region. In Salmon Without Rivers, fisheries biologist Jim Lichatowich offers an eye-opening look at the roots and evolution of the salmon crisis in the Pacific Northwest. He describes the multitude of factors over the past century and a half that have led to the salmon's decline, and examines in depth the abject failure of restoration efforts that have focused almost exclusively on hatcheries to return salmon stocks to healthy levels without addressing the underlying causes of the decline. The book: describes the evolutionary history of the salmon along with the geologic history of the Pacific Northwest over the past 40 million years considers the indigenous cultures of the region, and the emergence of salmon-based economies that survived for thousands of years examines the rapid transformation of the region following the arrival of Europeans presents the history of efforts to protect and restore the salmon offers a critical assessment of why restoration efforts have failed Throughout, Lichatowich argues that the dominant worldview of our society -- a worldview that denies connections between humans and the natural world -- has created the conflict and controversy that characterize the recent history of salmon; unless that worldview is challenged and changed, there is little hope for recovery. Salmon Without Rivers exposes the myths that have guided recent human-salmon interactions. It clearly explains the difficult choices facing the citizens of the region, and provides unique insight into one of the most tragic chapters in our nation's environmental history.

Download or read book A Common Fate written by Joseph Cone and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 1995 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though life on earth is the history of dynamic interactions between living things and their surroundings, certain powerful groups would have us believe that nature exists only for our convenience. One consequence of such thinking is the apparent fate of the Pacific salmon - a key resource and preeminent symbol of America's wildlife - which is today threatened with extinction. Drawing on abundant data from natural science, Pacific coast culture, and a long association with key individuals on all sides of the issue, Joseph Cone employs a clear narrative voice to tell the human and natural history of an environmental crisis in its final chapter. As inevitable as the November rains, countless millions of wild salmon returned from the ocean to spawn in the streams of their birth. In the wake of an orgy of dam building and habitat destruction, the salmon's majestic abundance has been reduced to a fleeting shadow. Neglect is the word the author uses to describe more recent losses, "by exactly the ones - state and federal fish managers - who should have acted". To signal a new awareness that action is needed, scientists charged with restocking the Columbia River Basin are receiving significant support, while ordinary citizens are beginning to recognize the relationship between cheap power and the absences of chinook, coho, sockeye, and other species from the coasts of Oregon and Washington and from Idaho's Snake River. As desperate as the salmon's future appears, the book is not an elegy for a lost resource. Instead, it bears witness to hope. In addition to concrete plans for the wild salmon's renewal, the reader will hear a growing chorus of informed individuals of differing values and beliefswho recognize that our fate is inextricably bound to the salmon's; for many it is a new understanding.

Download or read book Biodiversity in a Changing Climate written by Terry Louise Root and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Building upon the rapidly-growing body of literature documenting how natural systems are responding to, and are at risk from, human-induced climate change, this book provides case-study examples of how a diverse range of species and ecological systems in California are changing with the climate. These case studies originate from multiple ecological fields (genetics, population biology, habitat studies, community ecology, landscape ecology, paleobiology) and are framed by chapters describing approaches and tools for climate-adaptation planning, reviewing climate impacts and biological responses, and encouraging the use of historical data. This framing emphasizes the need for partnerships between researchers and resource managers in addressing climate-related challenges, and highlights how communication strengthens these partnerships with 'conversations' between chapter authors and managers. Such connections help move advances in science from research reports to 'on the ground' changes that help protect species, and support all life"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Helping Pacific Salmon Survive the Impact of Climate Change on Freshwater Habitats written by Marc Nelitz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effectiveness of Large Woody Debris Placement at Improving Freshwater Rearing Habitat and Enhancing Juvenile Salmon Oncorhynchus Spp Production written by Caroline J. Walls and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decline of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) is well-documented, and freshwater habitat degradation is a primary contributor. Despite decades of river restoration, salmon populations have not significantly recovered. Large woody debris (LWD) placement is one of the most common forms of restoration. To evaluate the effectiveness of this restoration method, I analyzed long-term monitoring data from 16 LWD placement projects throughout Washington State, implemented between 2004 and 2015. Each project followed a multiple Before-After, Control-Impact study design, which monitored physical habitat and fish populations. I used a series of linear mixed models to evaluate both habitat and fish response. I found that habitat features responded positively, with increases in average residual pool depth, pool area, and habitat complexity. However, fish response varied by species and location. I looked for changes in both abundance and size of juvenile coho (O. kisutch), Chinook (O. tshawytscha) and steelhead/rainbow trout (O. mykiss). The average size of O. mykiss increased over time. Coho and coastal Chinook populations were largely unaffected, indicating that these populations are limited by factors unaddressed by LWD placement. Inland Chinook populations increased in abundance immediately, but declined in average size over time, indicating over-crowding at restoration sites due to a lack of high-quality habitat. My results demonstrate that LWD placement is effective at improving freshwater salmon habitat, but these improvements are not generating consistent increases in juvenile salmon abundance or biomass, suggesting that LWD placement does not always address the limiting factors for salmon production. Broader threats to salmon recovery, including declining ocean conditions, climate change, and dams, must also be addressed to improve effectiveness of restoration. My findings also highlight the vital need for comprehensive, long-term monitoring of restoration actions to guide future salmon recovery efforts.

Download or read book Upstream written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-17 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of salmon to the Pacific Northwestâ€"economic, recreational, symbolicâ€"is enormous. Generations ago, salmon were abundant from central California through Idaho, Oregon, and Washington to British Columbia and Alaska. Now they have disappeared from about 40 percent of their historical range. The decline in salmon numbers has been lamented for at least 100 years, but the issue has become more widespread and acute recently. The Endangered Species Act has been invoked, federal laws have been passed, and lawsuits have been filed. More than $1 billion has been spent to improve salmon runsâ€"and still the populations decline. In this new volume a committee with diverse expertise explores the complications and conflicts surrounding the salmon problemâ€"starting with available data on the status of salmon populations and an illustrative case study from Washington state's Willapa Bay. The book offers specific recommendations for salmon rehabilitation that take into account the key role played by genetic variability in salmon survival and the urgent need for habitat protection and management of fishing. The committee presents a comprehensive discussion of the salmon problem, with a wealth of informative graphs and charts and the right amount of historical perspective to clarify today's issues, including: Salmon biology and geographyâ€"their life's journey from fresh waters to the sea and back again to spawn, and their interaction with ecosystems along the way. The impacts of human activitiesâ€"grazing, damming, timber, agriculture, and population and economic growth. Included is a case study of Washington state's Elwha River dam removal project. Values, attitudes, and the conflicting desires for short-term economic gain and long-term environmental health. The committee traces the roots of the salmon problem to the extractive philosophy characterizing management of land and water in the West. The impact of hatcheries, which were introduced to build fish stocks but which have actually harmed the genetic variability that wild stocks need to survive. This book offers something for everyone with an interest in the salmon issueâ€"policymakers and regulators in the United States and Canada; environmental scientists; environmental advocates; natural resource managers; commercial, tribal, and recreational fishers; and concerned residents of the Pacific Northwest.

Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon written by Cornelis Groot and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, countless juvenile Pacific salmon leave streams and rivers on their migration to feeding grounds in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. After periods ranging from a few months to several years, adult salmon enter rivers along the coasts of Asia and North America to spawn and complete their life cycle. Within this general outline, various life history patterns, both among and within species, involve diverse ways of exploiting freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats. There are seven species of Pacific salmon. Five (coho, chinook chum, pink, and sockeye) occur in both North America and Asia. Their complex life histories and spectacular migrations have long fascinated biologists and amateurs alike. Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon provides comprehensive reviews by leading researchers of the physiological adaptations that allow Pacific Salmon to sustain themselves in the diverse environments in which they live. It begins with an analysis of energy expenditure and continues with reviews of locomotion, growth, feeding, and nutrition. Subsequent chapters deal with osmotic adjustments enabling the passage between fresh and salt water, nitrogen excretion and regulation of acid-base balance, circulation and gas transfer, and finally, responses to stress. This thorough and authoritative volume will be a valuable reference for students and researchers of biology and fisheries science as they seek to understand the environmental requirements for the perpetuation of these unique and valuable species.