Download or read book Recovery Act Development of Design and Simulation Tool for Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump System written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ground source heat pump (GSHP) system is one of the most energy efficient HVAC technologies in the current market. However, the heat imbalance may degrade the ability of the ground loop heat exchanger (GLHX) to absorb or reject heat. The hybrid GSHP system, which combines a geothermal well field with a supplemental boiler or cooling tower, can balance the loads imposed on the ground loop heat exchangers to minimize its size while retaining superior energy efficiency. This paper presents a recent simulation-based study with an intention to compare multiple common control strategies used in hybrid GSHP systems, including fixed setpoint, outside air reset, load reset, and wetbulb reset. A small office in Oklahoma City conditioned by a hybrid GSHP system was simulated with the latest version of eQUEST 3.7[1]. The simulation results reveal that the hybrid GSHP system has the excellent capability to meet the cooling and heating setpoints during the occupied hours, balance thermal loads on the ground loop, as well as improve the thermal comfort of the occupants with the undersized well field.
Download or read book Development of a Software Design Tool for Hybrid Solar Geothermal Heat Pump Systems in Heating and Cooling Dominated Buildings written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project provides an easy-to-use, menu-driven, software tool for designing hybrid solar-geothermal heat pump systems (GHP) for both heating- and cooling-dominated buildings. No such design tool currently exists. In heating-dominated buildings, the design approach takes advantage of glazed solar collectors to effectively balance the annual thermal loads on the ground with renewable solar energy. In cooling-dominated climates, the design approach takes advantage of relatively low-cost, unglazed solar collectors as the heat rejecting component. The primary benefit of hybrid GHPs is the reduced initial cost of the ground heat exchanger (GHX). Furthermore, solar thermal collectors can be used to balance the ground loads over the annual cycle, thus making the GHX fully sustainable; in heating-dominated buildings, the hybrid energy source (i.e., solar) is renewable, in contrast to a typical fossil fuel boiler or electric resistance as the hybrid component; in cooling-dominated buildings, use of unglazed solar collectors as a heat rejecter allows for passive heat rejection, in contrast to a cooling tower that consumes a significant amount of energy to operate, and hybrid GHPs can expand the market by allowing reduced GHX footprint in both heating- and cooling-dominated climates. The design tool allows for the straight-forward design of innovative GHP systems that currently pose a significant design challenge. The project lays the foundations for proper and reliable design of hybrid GHP systems, overcoming a series of difficult and cumbersome steps without the use of a system simulation approach, and without an automated optimization scheme. As new technologies and design concepts emerge, sophisticated design tools and methodologies must accompany them and be made usable for practitioners. Lack of reliable design tools results in reluctance of practitioners to implement more complex systems. A menu-driven software tool for the design of hybrid solar GHP systems is provided that is based on mathematically robust, validated models. An automated optimization tool is used to balance ground loads and incorporated into the simulation engine. With knowledge of the building loads, thermal properties of the ground, the borehole heat exchanger configuration, the heat pump peak hourly and seasonal COP for heating and cooling, the critical heat pump design entering fluid temperature, and the thermal performance of a solar collector, the total GHX length can be calculated along with the area of a supplemental solar collector array and the corresponding reduced GHX length. An economic analysis module allows for the calculation of the lowest capital cost combination of solar collector area and GHX length. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was funded by the United States Department of Energy DOE-DE-FOA-0000116, Recovery Act Geothermal Technologies Program: Ground Source Heat Pumps. The lead contractor, The University of Hartford, was supported by The University of Dayton, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratories. All funding and support for this project as well as contributions of graduate and undergraduate students from the contributing institutions are gratefully acknowledged.
Download or read book Commercial Program Development for a Ground Loop Geothermal System written by Paul A. Gross (II) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of the earth's thermal energy to heat and cool building space is nothing new; however, the heat transfer approximations used in modeling geothermal systems, leave uncertainty and lead to over sizing. The present work is part of a Wright State effort to improve the computer modeling tools used to simulate ground loop geothermal heating and cooling systems. The modern computer processor has equipped us with the computation speed to use a finite volume technique to solve the unsteady heat equation with hourly time steps for multi-year analyses in multiple spatial dimensions. Thus we feel there is more need to use approximate heat transfer solution techniques to model geothermal heating and cooling systems. As part of a DOE funded project Wright State has been developing a ground loop geothermal computer modeling tool that uses a detailed heat transfer model based on the governing differential energy equation. This tool is meant to be more physically detailed and accurate than current commercial ground loop geothermal computer codes. The Wright State code allows the geothermal designer to optimize the system using a number of outputs including temperature field outputs, existing fluid temperature plots, heat exchange plots, and even a histogram of the COP data. Careful attention to the algorithm speed allows for multi-year simulations with minimal computation cost. Once the thermal and heat transfer computations are complete, a payback period calculator can compare any conventional heating and cooling system to the designed geothermal system and payback periods are displayed. The work being presented as part of this thesis deals with five issues that were required to make the Wright State geothermal computer code a reality. The five aspects of this modeling tool addressed by this thesis work are: energy load calculations, GUI (graphical user interface) development, turbulence model development, heat pump model development, and two-dimensional numerical grid development. The energy load, or heating and cooling load, calculations are handled using the sophisticated DOE program called EnergyPlus. This thesis work developed a technique for coupling EnergyPlus to the Wright State geothermal code and devising a way for novice users to obtain energy loads quickly and easily, while still allowing expert users to utilize the full strength of EnergyPlus. The GUI for the Wright State computer program was developed with the novice and expert users in mind. The GUI offers ease of use while maintaining the ability for the expert users to setup unique designs for simulation. A unique way of modeling the effects of turbulent flow in the ground tube has allowed the Wright State code to maintain low computation times, while having small errors for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. To make the Wright State ground loop computer model more complete, a heat pump was developed as part of this work. The heat pump model uses the performance characteristics of commercial heat pumps to determine the performance of the geothermal system. The energy transport in the fluid is determined and used to select one of eighteen water-to-air heat pumps that calculate hourly COP's for all system conditions. The calculated heat pump efficiencies are used in an energy balance with hourly building loads to calculate the next iteration's bulk temperature entering the ground loop. Additional details are provided in this thesis on each of these five, important, computer modeling issues.
Download or read book Recovery Act written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy is leading the development of alternative energy sources that will ensure the long-term energy independence of our nation. One of the key renewable resources currently being advanced is geothermal energy. To tap into the large potential offered by generating power from the heat of the earth, and for geothermal energy to be more widely used, it will be necessary to drill deeper wells to reach the hot, dry rock located up to 10 km beneath the earth’s surface. In this instance, water will be introduced into the well to create a geothermal reservoir. A geothermal well produced in this manner is referred to as an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). EGS reservoirs are typically at depths of 3 to 10 km, and the temperatures at these depths have become a limiting factor in the application of existing downhole technologies. These high temperatures are especially problematic for electronic systems such as downhole data-logging tools, which are used to map and characterize the fractures and high-permeability regions in underground formations. Information provided by these tools is assessed so that underground formations capable of providing geothermal energy can be identified, and the subsequent drilling operations can be accurately directed to those locations. The mapping of geothermal resources involves the design and fabrication of sensor packages, including the electronic control modules, to quantify downhole conditions (300°C temperature, high pressure, seismic activity, et cetera). Because of the extreme depths at which these measurements are performed, it is most desirable to perform the sensor signal processing downhole and then transmit the information to the surface. This approach necessitates the use of high-temperature electronics that can operate in the downhole environment. Downhole signal processing in EGS wells will require the development and demonstration of circuit boards that can withstand the elevated temperatures found at these depths. At present, the highest-temperature commercially available circuit boards are based on polyimide materials, and those have maximum use temperatures of 200 to 250°C. In addition to thermal stability, downhole electronics must also be fabricated into high-aspect-ratio packages. For example, the multilayer assemblies produced at SNL were approximately 2.5 cm wide and 50 cm long. Because of this very high form factor, glass-fiber-reinforced polymers are much more desirable than multilayer ceramic modules (MCM). MCMs have many advantages for some applications, but are susceptible to damage induced by the mechanical and vibrational loads commonly experienced by data-logging tools. Thus, as EGS technology continues to advance, there is a strong need for multilayer electronics that can provide the necessary thermal performance while also being compatible with high-form-factor circuit designs. This project involved the design and development of high-temperature circuit materials, as well as the fabrication and testing of circuit components. The material development included the evaluation of various polymer/fiberglass composites, whereas the circuit components were tested using conventional microelectronic evaluation techniques. This effort targeted development of a new class of high-temperature multilayer circuit boards for use in downhole data-logging applications where temperatures are on the order of 300°C. This is consistent with DOE’s multiyear plan for advancing technologies for use in enhanced geothermal systems. Organic and inorganic polymer systems, both with glass reinforcements, were considered to provide the following performance at elevated temperatures: • Mechanical strength and durability • High dielectric strength and electrical resistivity • Thermal stability • Strong adhesion to copper to ensure the reliability of the multilayer assemblies • Processing characteristics that are consistent with state-of-the-art multilayer circuit board manufacturing pages.
Download or read book The Climate Change Action Plan written by Bill Clinton and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures written by Lyesse Laloui and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-19 with total page 1098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures gathers in a unified framework the theoretical and experimental competence available on energy geostructures: innovative multifunctional earth-contact structures that can provide renewable energy supply and structural support to any built environment. The book covers the broad, interdisciplinary and integrated knowledge required to address the analysis and design of energy geostructures from energy, geotechnical and structural perspectives. This knowledge includes (Part A) an introduction to the technology; (Part B) the fundamentals of heat and mass transfers as well as of the mechanics of geomaterials and structures required to address the unprecedented behavior of energy geostructures; (Part C) the experimental evidence characterizing the considered geostructures; (Part D) various analytical and numerical modeling approaches to analyze the response of energy geostructures; and (Part E) the performance-based design and detailing essentials of energy geostructures. - Proposes the theoretical and practical application essentials required to address the analysis and design of energy geostructures from energy, geotechnical and structural perspectives - Presents a substantial amount of resolved exercises on key aspects governing the behavior and performance of energy geostructures to be considered in analysis and design - Summarizes and discusses the most recent scientific and technical knowledge about energy geostructures, including energy piles, energy tunnels and energy walls
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Blue Book on Geothermal Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Geotechnics written by Alessio Ferrari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects selected full papers presented at the International Symposium on Energy Geotechnics 2018 (SEG-2018), held on 25th – 28th September 2018, at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL). It covers a wide range of topics in energy geotechnics, including energy geostructures, energy geostorage, thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical behaviour of geomaterials, unconventional resources, hydraulic stimulation, induced seismicity, CO2 geological storage, and nuclear waste disposal as well as topics such as tower and offshore foundations. The book is intended for postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners working on geomechanics and geotechnical engineering for energy-related applications.
Download or read book Climate Impacts on Energy Systems written by Jane O. Ebinger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While the energy sector is a primary target of efforts to arrest and reverse the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and lower the carbon footprint of development, it is also expected to be increasingly affected by unavoidable climate consequences from the damage already induced in the biosphere. Energy services and resources, as well as seasonal demand, will be increasingly affected by changing trends, increasing variability, greater extremes and large inter-annual variations in climate parameters in some regions. All evidence suggests that adaptation is not an optional add-on but an essential reckoning on par with other business risks. Existing energy infrastructure, new infrastructure and future planning need to consider emerging climate conditions and impacts on design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Integrated risk-based planning processes will be critical to address the climate change impacts and harmonize actions within and across sectors. Also, awareness, knowledge, and capacity impede mainstreaming of climate adaptation into the energy sector. However, the formal knowledge base is still nascent?information needs are complex and to a certain extent regionally and sector specific. This report provides an up-to-date compendium of what is known about weather variability and projected climate trends and their impacts on energy service provision and demand. It discusses emerging practices and tools for managing these impacts and integrating climate considerations into planning processes and operational practices in an environment of uncertainty. It focuses on energy sector adaptation, rather than mitigation which is not discussed in this report. This report draws largely on available scientific and peer-reviewed literature in the public domain and takes the perspective of the developing world to the extent possible."
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Renewable Heating and Cooling written by Gerhard Stryi-Hipp and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Heating and Cooling: Technologies and Applications presents the latest information on the generation of heat for industry and domestic purposes, an area where a significant proportion of total energy is consumed. In Europe, this figure is estimated to be almost 50%, with the majority of heat generated by the consumption of fossil fuels. As there is a pressing need to increase the uptake of renewable heating and cooling (RHC) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, this book provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview on the topic. Part One introduces key RHC technologies and discusses RHC in the context of global heating and cooling demand, featuring chapters on solar thermal process heat generation, deep geothermal energy, and solar cooling technologies. Part Two explores enabling technologies, special applications, and case studies with detailed coverage of thermal energy storage, hybrid systems, and renewable heating for RHC, along with case studies in China and Sweden. Users will find this book to be an essential resource for lead engineers and engineering consultants working on renewable heating and cooling in engineering companies, as well as academics and R&D professionals in private research institutes who have a particular interest in the subject matter. Includes coverage on biomass, solar thermal, and geothermal renewable heating and cooling technologies Features chapters on solar thermal process heat generation, deep geothermal energy, solar cooling technologies, and special applications Presents case studies with detailed coverage of thermal energy storage, hybrid systems, and renewable heating for RHC Explores enabling technologies and special applications
Download or read book Uses of Geothermal Energy in Food and Agriculture written by Minh Van Nguyen and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Agriculture and agro-industry are important sectors in the economies of most developing countries, where they provide the main source of livelihoods for the majority of the poor. The lack of a sustainable supply of affordable energy is a major constraint to the development of these sectors in developing countries. Traditionally, geothermal energy has been utilized mainly to generate electricity; however, it can be harnessed for other important uses in agriculture and agro-industry. Developing countries endowed with this renewable energy source have ample potential to use it in advancing their agriculture and agro-industry sectors. This book reviews the use of geothermal energy in agriculture and agro-industry around the world. With a simple format and copious illustrations and models, the book is accessible to a wide range of interested readers, including those with no technical background. It shows that geothermal resources have the potential to provide long-term, secure energy for the agriculture and food industry in both developed and developing countries. Constraints and challenges that should be addressed before this potential can be fully achieved are also discussed."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Deep Energy Retrofit Guide for Public Buildings written by Rüdiger Lohse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed information on how to set up Deep Energy Retrofits (DERs) in public buildings, and shares in-depth insights into the current status of the major technologies, strategies and practical best practice examples of how to cost-effectively combine them. Case studies from Europe are analyzed with respect to energy use before and after renovation, reasons for undertaking the renovation, co-benefits achieved, resulting cost-effectiveness, and the business models employed. The building sector holds the potential for tremendous improvements in terms of energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions, and energy retrofits to the existing building stock represent a significant opportunity in the transition to a low-carbon future. Moreover, investing in highly efficient building materials and systems can replace long-term energy imports, contribute to cost cutting, and create a wealth of new jobs. Yet, while the technologies needed in order to improve energy efficiency are readily available, significant progress has not yet been made, and “best practices” for implementing building technologies and renewable energy sources are still relegated to small “niche” applications. Offering essential information on Deep Energy Retrofits, the book offers a valuable asset for architects, public authorities, project developers, and engineers alike.
Download or read book High Performance Building Guidelines written by Andrea Woodner and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High performance buildings maximize operational energy savings; improve comfort, health, & safety of occupants & visitors; & limit detrimental effects on the environment. These Guidelines provide instruction in the new methodologies that form the underpinnings of high performance buildings. They further indicate how these practices may be accommodated within existing frameworks of capital project administration & facility management. Chapters: city process; design process; site design & planning; building energy use; indoor environment; material & product selection; water mgmt.; construction admin.; commissioning; & operations & maintenance.
Download or read book Solar Heating and Cooling Systems written by Ioan Sarbu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Heating and Cooling Systems: Fundamentals, Experiments and Applications provides comprehensive coverage of this modern energy issue from both a scientific and technical level that is based on original research and the synthesis of consistent bibliographic material that meets the increasing need for modernization and greater energy efficiency to significantly reduce CO2 emissions. Ioan Sarbu and Calin Sebarchievici present a comprehensive overview of all major solar energy technologies, along with the fundamentals, experiments, and applications of solar heating and cooling systems. Technical, economic, and energy saving aspects related to design, modeling, and operation of these systems are also explored. This reference includes physical and mathematical concepts developed to make this publication a self-contained and up-to-date source of information for engineers, researchers, and professionals who are interested in the use of solar energy as an alternative energy source. - Includes learning aims, chapter summaries, problems and solutions to support the theories presented - Puts a specific emphasis on the practical application of the technologies in heating and cooling systems - Contains calculating equations for the energy and economic index of solar systems
