Download or read book Recommendations for Design Construction and Maintenance of Bridge Approach Slabs written by Anand J. Puppala and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recommendations for Design Construction and Maintenance of Bridge Approach Slabs written by Anand J. Puppala and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Settlement and heave related movements of bridge approach slabs relative to bridge decks create a bump in the roadway. Several problems arise from these bumps, which include poor riding conditions, potential vehicle damage, loss of vehicle control causing injuries or even casualities [i.e., casualties], lowered perception of the department's road works, increased maintenance works, and constant delays to rehabilitate the distressed lanes. All these make this bump problem a major maintenance problem in Texas. Several mitigation methods have been employed, and the results are not always satisfactory. In the present research, two treatment methods are investigated for controlling settlements of approach slabs of new bridge construction. Researchers from UTA and UTEP performed two phases to accomplish these studies. During the first phase, the documented information that covers various methods used so far for approach slab settlement mitigation technologies is compiled and presented. The second and final phase focused on field evaluation studies of deep soil mixing and light weight embankment fill treatment methods in reducing settlements. A few other technologies were also evaluated for reducing settlements of existing bridge approach slabs. Both design and construction specifications of the new methods that provided effective treatments in field conditions are presented.

Download or read book Guidelines for the Use Design and Construction of Bridge Approach Slabs written by Edward J. Hoppe and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differential settlement at the roadway/bridge interface typically results in an abrupt grade change, causing driver discomfort, impairing driver safety, and exerting potentially excessive impact traffic loading on the abutment. Bridge approach slabs are used to keep the effects of this differential settlement within tolerable limits. In many cases, however, the final magnitude of settlement exceeds the working range of an approach slab, necessitating costly roadway and slab repairs. Many state DOTs regard the settlement of bridge approach slabs as a substantial maintenance problem. Guidelines affecting the use, design methodology, material specifications, and construction techniques vary greatly from state to state. The purpose of this study was to provide a literature review on the subject and to conduct a survey on the state of the practice. Thirty-nine state DOTs responded to the survey. Summary findings were compiled, and a comparison with current VDOT practices was made. Recommendations for a new set of guidelines, aimed at mitigating bridge approach settlement, were formulated.

Download or read book Design and Construction of Bridge Approaches written by Harvey E. Wahls and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1990 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes case histories of the Dumbarton Bridge (San Francisco Bay, Calif.), the Rainier Avenue Embankment (Seattle, Wash.) and the Gallows Road Grade Separation (Fairfax, Va.)

Download or read book Identification of the Best Practices for Design Construction and Repair of Bridge Approaches written by David White and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge approach settlement and the formation of the bump is a common problem in Iowa that draws upon considerable resources for maintenance and creates a negative perception in the minds of transportation users. This research study was undertaken to investigate bridge approach problems and develop new concepts for design, construction, and maintenance that will reduce this costly problem. As a result of the research described in this report, the following changes are suggested for implementation on a pilot test basis: Use porous backfill behind the abutment and/or geocomposite drainage systems to improve drainage capacity and reduce erosion around the abutment; On a pilot basis, connect the approach slab to the bridge abutment, change the expansion joint at the bridge to a construction joint of 2 in., use a more effective joint sealing system at the CF joint, and change the abutment wall rebar from #5 to #7 for non-integral abutments; and For bridges with soft foundation or embankment soils, implement practices of better compaction, preloading, ground improvement, soil removal and replacement, or soil reinforcement that reduce time-dependent post construction settlements.

Download or read book Settlement Issues Bridge Approach Slabs final Report Phase 1 written by Lary R. Lenke and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) Bridge Section in conjunction with various NMDOT district engineers have documented settlement issues with bridge approach slabs, i.e., the ubiquitous "bump at the end of the bridge," as a pressing maintenance, safety, construction and design issue. A literature review identifies geotechnical issues with the natural soil foundation and the embankments as the leading contributor to "the bump." A field evaluation of 19 New Mexico bridges suggest that most, if not all, bump problems in the state are associated with geotechnical issues. The lengths of approach slabs in New Mexico are deemed too short. Recommendations for dealing with "the bump" are thorough geotechnical analysis and engineering implementation of this analysis in the design and construction of the natural soil foundation and embankment materials. High quality QA/QC (quality assurance-quality control) is absolutely required. Lengthening of approach slabs is also recommended.

Download or read book Bridge Engineering written by Demetrios E. Tonias and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 1995 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design, rehabilitate, and maintain modern highway bridges. From steel and reinforced concrete design, to highway layout and basic geometrics, to geotechnical engineering and hydraulics, Demetrios E. Tonia's Bridge Engineering: Design, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Modern Highway Bridges fully integrates the resources you need to master the entire bridge-design process. Written with unusual clarity--and packed with timely design examples and case studies plus eye-opening sidebars and graphics--it shows you how to: understand bridge structures, functions, types, and applications; design superstructures and substructures for maximum maintainability; design highway components--approach pavements and slabs, structure geometrics and elevations, roadway alignments, and more; kick off the project--from funding to site surveying and coring; manage the design process--contract documents, reports, plans, client interactions, and more; manage the bridge itself--from creating a structure inventory to extending GIS and CADD functionality.

Download or read book Bridge Engineering Handbook Five Volume Set written by Wai-Fah Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 3130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 140 experts, 14 countries, and 89 chapters are represented in the second edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook. This extensive collection provides detailed information on bridge engineering, and thoroughly explains the concepts and practical applications surrounding the subject, and also highlights bridges from around the world.Published

Download or read book Bridge Engineering Handbook Second Edition written by Wai-Fah Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 140 experts, 14 countries, and 89 chapters are represented in the second edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook. This extensive collection highlights bridge engineering specimens from around the world, contains detailed information on bridge engineering, and thoroughly explains the concepts and practical applications surrounding the subject. Published in five books: Fundamentals, Superstructure Design, Substructure Design, Seismic Design, and Construction and Maintenance, this new edition provides numerous worked-out examples that give readers step-by-step design procedures, includes contributions by leading experts from around the world in their respective areas of bridge engineering, contains 26 completely new chapters, and updates most other chapters. It offers design concepts, specifications, and practice, as well as the various types of bridges. The text includes over 2,500 tables, charts, illustrations, and photos. The book covers new, innovative and traditional methods and practices; explores rehabilitation, retrofit, and maintenance; and examines seismic design and building materials. The second book, Superstructure Design, contains 19 chapters, and covers information on how to design all types of bridges. What’s New in the Second Edition: Includes two new chapters: Extradosed Bridges and Stress Ribbon Pedestrian Bridges Updates the Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges chapter and rewrites it as two chapters: Precast/Pretensioned Concrete Girder Bridges and Cast-In-Place Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges Expands the chapter on Bridge Decks and Approach Slabs and divides it into two chapters: Concrete Decks and Approach Slabs Rewrites seven chapters: Segmental Concrete Bridges, Composite Steel I-Girder Bridges, Composite Steel Box Girder Bridges, Arch Bridges, Cable-Stayed Bridges, Orthotropic Steel Decks, and Railings This text is an ideal reference for practicing bridge engineers and consultants (design, construction, maintenance), and can also be used as a reference for students in bridge engineering courses.

Download or read book Bridge Maintenance Safety Management Life Cycle Sustainability and Innovations written by Hiroshi Yokota and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 8732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations contains lectures and papers presented at the Tenth International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS 2020), held in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, April 11–15, 2021. This volume consists of a book of extended abstracts and a USB card containing the full papers of 571 contributions presented at IABMAS 2020, including the T.Y. Lin Lecture, 9 Keynote Lectures, and 561 technical papers from 40 countries. The contributions presented at IABMAS 2020 deal with the state of the art as well as emerging concepts and innovative applications related to the main aspects of maintenance, safety, management, life-cycle sustainability and technological innovations of bridges. Major topics include: advanced bridge design, construction and maintenance approaches, safety, reliability and risk evaluation, life-cycle management, life-cycle sustainability, standardization, analytical models, bridge management systems, service life prediction, maintenance and management strategies, structural health monitoring, non-destructive testing and field testing, safety, resilience, robustness and redundancy, durability enhancement, repair and rehabilitation, fatigue and corrosion, extreme loads, and application of information and computer technology and artificial intelligence for bridges, among others. This volume provides both an up-to-date overview of the field of bridge engineering and significant contributions to the process of making more rational decisions on maintenance, safety, management, life-cycle sustainability and technological innovations of bridges for the purpose of enhancing the welfare of society. The Editors hope that these Proceedings will serve as a valuable reference to all concerned with bridge structure and infrastructure systems, including engineers, researchers, academics and students from all areas of bridge engineering.

Download or read book Management of Water and Backfill Characteristics for Improved Bridge Approach Performance written by Mohamed Magdi Mekkawy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge approach settlement is a problem that draws upon resources for maintenance and repair, causes damage to vehicles, and creates a negative perception of the transportation agency. To alleviate bridge approach settlement, erosion and soil collapse must be reduced. This can be accomplished by improving water management around bridges and backfill characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of improved water management and backfill properties on settlement of bridge approaches and to recommend new alternatives for design, construction, and maintenance of new and existing bridge approaches. Furthermore, recommend a threshold limit for approach slab settlement as a criterion to initiate maintenance. The objectives of this research are a literature review of relevant research of practices of other states, field inspection of existing and under construction bridges, monitoring of maintenance practices, laboratory experiments to analyze the properties of various backfill materials and geosynthetic drainage materials, and developing a new rating system as a criterion to initiate maintenance. To analyze the characteristics of backfill materials, the collapse index test was performed to measure the change in volume of the different backfill materials upon saturation at different moisture contents. Vibrating table tests (ASTM D4253-00) were performed, and a one-fourth scale model of a bridge approach was constructed in an effort to evaluate geosynthetic drainage materials as well as a variety of drainage details. This study reveals that poor water management is a major cause of bridge approach problems. Further, granular backfill materials placed within the bulking moisture content range are susceptible to collapse upon saturation. Proper compaction of granular backfill materials and placing porous backfill around subdrains is not being followed during construction. Grouting behind abutments and resurfacing of approach slabs do not necessarily prevent further settlements. The URETEK Inc. maintenance method appears to be a successful alternative to conventional maintenance practices; however, the long term performance is yet to be verified. The constructed model illustrated that using porous backfill, geocomposite vertical drain, and tire chips improved the bridge approach performance. The bridge Approach Index parameter and the IRI data were used as a new rating system.

Download or read book Investigation of Approach Slab and Its Settlement for Roads and Bridges written by Seyed Yashar Yasrobi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approach slabs serve as a transitional system between an approach road and a bridge. Settlement of bridge approach slabs and their supporting backfill has been experienced by more than ten Departments of Transportation throughout the United States. According to current Wyoming Department of Transportation inspection reports, bridge approach slab settlements occurred not only on existing bridges but also on newly built bridges that were just opened to traffic. These settlements typically create voids ranging from 6-in to 12-in between the base of the approach slab and the geotextile reinforced backfill. This research presents factors causing bridge approach slab settlements and provides necessary design and construction recommendations. A comprehensive literature review pertaining to approach slabs was performed to examine outcomes of research conducted by 12 states. The current specifications and standards on bridge approach slabs of the corresponding states' Departments of Transportation were also evaluated. A nationwide survey was conducted to fill in the missing knowledge identified in the literature review. The results of the survey are categorized in three groups based on the percentage of bridges experiencing approach slab settlements in that state. Results of the survey show that 46% of the total 28 respondents are not satisfied with their current approach slab designs. The survey results revealed that the most common cause of approach slab settlement is poor construction practices. The most important finding of the survey is that performing in-situ tests to control backfill compaction reduces the amount of approach slab settlement. Using the lessons learned from the literature and the results of the survey, potential amendments to current Wyoming Department of Transportation design and construction manuals are recommended.

Download or read book Bridge Approach Slabs for Missouri DOT written by Ganesh Thiagarajan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a recent study on cost efficient alternative bridge approach slab (BAS) designs (Thiagarajan et al. 2010) has recommended three new BAS designs for possible implementation by MoDOT namely a) 20 feet cast-inplace slab with sleeper slab (CIP20SLP) - for new construction on major roads, b) 25 and 20 feet precast-prestressed slab with sleeper slab (PCPS20SLP)- for replacement and new construction applications on major and minor roads, and c) 25 feet modified BAS without a sleeper slab for new CIP construction on minor roads (CIP25NOSLP). The objective of the project here is to evaluate and compare the field performance of recommended BAS designs, their constructability, and their impact on cost and schedule to the current MoDOT BAS design. Two PCPS20SLP, one CIP20SLP and two CIP25NOSLP implementations have been implemented and studied for this report. One PCPS20SLP panel was also tested in the laboratory for several washout conditions and for its ultimate capacity. Based on field observations, data recorded and analyzed, preconstruction and post construction cost analyses this study has found that all the suggested designs are performing well and are lower in cost compared to current designs used in practice.

Download or read book Alternative and Cost effective Bridge Approach Slabs written by Ganesh Thiagarajan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The primary objectives of the proposed project are to investigate the causes for any bumps at the end of the bridge approach slab, and to develop remedial measures or alternative designs for a replacement. It is clear that the problem stems from geotechnical considerations. In many instances compaction of soil under uncertain conditions when the bridge is being constructed may not be properly achieved. Hence, the geotechnical issues are likely to continue to exist. From the structures' point of view, how we can design a bridge approach slab to save construction costs given a certain settlement is a question to answer"--Technical report documentation page.

Download or read book Optimization of Bridge Approach Slab written by Sheetal Vijay Ajgaonkar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every US state Department of Transportation has its own practice for design and construction of Bridge Approach Slab (BAS). The objective of this thesis is to explore the usage of alternate innovative structural solution for Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT), simple to implement in the field and to reduce the cost of construction when a Bridge Approach Slab is needed. A cost study was performed in order to determine the least cost slab design from the slabs data obtained from all the states. The cost was estimated based on the MoDOT costing method and was compared with the data gathered from other states' BAS. Analysis and design of various finite element BAS models were carried out in SAP to study the effect of span, reinforcement changes, and soil stiffness under the slab. This project study provides an overview of optimization of design and cost of Bridge Approach Slab.

Download or read book Field Implementation and Monitoring of Bridge Approach Slabs written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge approach slabs are designed to function as a transitional roadway to the bridge deck spanning the distance between the abutment and road pavement. However, the number of rough-riding approaches with heavy maintenance requirements is sufficient to convince highway agencies that a serious problem exists. The objective of this study is to implement and evaluate proposed design alternatives for bridge approach slabs under field conditions. Two design alternatives, Embedded Beam (EB) and Constant Thickness (CT), are implemented in the Doremus Avenue Bridge project. The study includes installation of sensors at various locations in bridge projects under contract and to verify the findings of the Phase I probable causes of cracking, location of cracks, factors influencing crack development, and to recommend new design alternative that could reduce or eliminate crack development in approach slabs. A field study is conducted and data is collected from field observations. Measured results were compared with tho e predicted by the finite element model to determine the reliability and the consistency of the model. Subsequently, several design alternatives were studied and compared to determine their effectiveness in reducing the possibility of crack development and tolerating higher vehicular loads. The embedded beam (EB) is recommended based on results from field observations and long term monitoring of their performance under normal traffic and environmental conditions. The new EB design alternative is adopted by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) as the detail for future use in the design of approach slabs.

Download or read book Evaluation of Bridge Approach Slabs Performance and Design written by Ronaldo Luna and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design changes in the 1990s to bridge approaches resulted in approach slabs of about 8m in length supported at one end on the bridge abutment and at the other by a sleeper beam resting on the embankment. These slabs have not performed adequately due primarily to excessive deformation of the foundation and fill soils under the slab and sleeper beam. Survey questionnaires were administered for resident engineers in MoDOT and neighboring states to assess overall performance. Two bridge sites were selected for more detailed study of the deformation mechanisms. Analyses involving modeling using a finite element method program were conducted using soil properties obtained from drilling, sampling and laboratory testing at the study sites. Conclusions and recommendations are in the following categories: initiating programmatic instrumentation and monitoring plans for approach embankments; enhanced drilling, sampling and analysis at locations of future embankments; geosynthetic reinforcement of the embankment; staged construction; separating grading and paving contract; abutment and drainage details; and improved compaction specifications.