Download or read book Recommendations for Blood Lead Screening of Medicaid eligible Children Aged 1 5 Years written by Mary Jean Brown and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lead is a potent, pervasive neurotoxicant, and elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs) can result in decreased IQ, academic failure, and behavioral problems in children. Eliminating EBLLs among children is one of the 2010 U.S. national health objectives. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicate substantial decreases both in the percentage of persons in the United States with EBLLs and in mean BLLs among all age and ethnic groups, including children aged 1-5 years. Historically, children in low-income families served by public assistance programs have been considered to be at greater risk for EBLLs than other children. However, evidence indicates that children in low-income families are experiencing decreases in BLLs, suggesting that the EBLL disparity between Medicaid-eligible children and non-Medicaid-eligible children is diminishing. In response to these findings, the CDC Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention is updating recommendations for blood lead screening among children eligible for Medicaid by providing recommendations for improving BLL screening and information for health-care providers, state officials, and others interested in lead-related services for Medicaid-eligible children. Because state and local officials are more familiar than federal agencies with local risk for EBLLs, CDC recommends that these officials have the flexibility to develop blood lead screening strategies that reflect local risk for EBLLs. Rather than provide universal screening to all Medicaid children, which was previously recommended, state and local officials should target screening toward specific groups of children in their area at higher risk for EBLLs. This report presents the updated CDC recommendations and provides strategies to 1) improve screening rates of children at risk for EBLLs, 2) develop surveillance strategies that are not solely dependent on BLL testing, and 3) assist states with evaluation of screening plans."--P. 1.
Download or read book Medicaid Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children written by Centers for Disease Control (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Childhood Blood Lead Level Screening Reporting and Surveillance in Allegheny County Pennsylvania written by Donna Keyser and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2006 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lead poisoning remains a serious, preventable environmental health threat to young children, and its elimination is a key goal of U.S. public health policy. This report focuses on screening, reporting, and surveillance of childhood blood lead levels in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, through a review of relevant literature, state and county reporting and surveillance databases, and interviews and focus groups.
Download or read book Lead Toxicity written by Sarah E. Royce and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recommendations for Blood Lead Screening of Young Children Enrolled in Medicaid Targeting a Group at High Risk written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Ounce of Prevention written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Lead Screening in a Pediatric Practice written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Background: Detectable lead levels in children's blood have been associated with increased cognitive difficulties, attention deficits, and poorer academic performance. Children enrolled in Medicaid have higher rates of elevated blood lead levels, yet requirements to test all children at age 1 and 2 who are enrolled in Medicaid are not being met. Nationally, 34% of children enrolled in Medicaid do not undergo proper blood lead level screening. The aim of this project was to increase required blood lead level screening rates for children with Medicaid insurance at a private pediatric practice in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia. Methods: The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Model for Improvement was used to guide this practice improvement. This model stresses the importance of performing a needs assessment, establishing a baseline, and tracking balancing measures to ensure the intervention has no unintended consequences. A baseline rate of screening was collected by retrospective chart review, a physical review of the clinic was performed, and staff interviews were conducted. The Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycle was the used to implement the intervention. Run charts were displayed weekly to show progress. Intervention: Three cycles of the interventions were run. The first intervention was an inservice to update staff to the current guidelines. Second, an official policy change was enacted, and finally an electronic health record (EHR) flag was employed as a reminder. Results: The initial assessment revealed that blood lead screenings were not being conducted on 2-year-old children enrolled in Medicaid. Interventions to change the practice and screen 2-year-old children enrolled in Medicaid were designed based on a search of the literature. The IHI Model for Improvement produced statistically significant improvement (p
Download or read book Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children written by Amy Cantor and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: In 2006, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic children ages 1 to 5 years who are at increased risk for lead poisoning (I recommendation), and recommended against routine screening in those at average risk (D recommendation). PURPOSE: To synthesize evidence on the effects of screening, testing, and treatment for elevated blood lead levels in children age 5 years and younger in the primary care setting, to update a prior USPSTF review on screening for elevated blood lead levels in childhood. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane CENTRAL and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through June 2018), and Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to June 2018), reference lists, and surveillance through December 5, 2018. STUDY SELECTION: English-language trials and observational studies of screening effectiveness, test accuracy, and benefits and harms of screening and interventions in asymptomatic children age 5 years and younger. DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator abstracted details about study design, patient population, setting, screening method, followup, and results. Two investigators independently applied prespecified criteria to rate study quality using methods developed by the USPSTF. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS (RESULTS): A total of 22 studies were included in this review (N=10,449). No studies directly evaluated clinical benefits or harms of screening versus not screening children for elevated blood lead levels. More than one positive answer on the five-item 1991 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention screening questionnaire was associated with a pooled sensitivity of 48 percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.4% to 65.6%) and specificity of 58 percent (95% CI, 39.9% to 74.0%) for identifying children with a venous blood level greater than 10 μg/dL (5 studies; N=2,265). Adapted versions of the questionnaire did not demonstrate improved accuracy. Capillary blood lead testing demonstrated sensitivity of 87 to 91 percent and specificity greater than 90 percent, compared with venous measurement (4 studies; N=1,431). Counseling and nutritional interventions or residential lead hazard control techniques did not reduce blood lead concentrations in asymptomatic children, but studies were few and had methodological limitations (7 studies; N=1,419). A trial of dimercaptosuccinic acid chelation therapy found reduced blood lead levels in children at 1 week to 1 year but not at 4.5 to 6 years (N=780), while another trial found no effect at 1 and 6 months (N=39). Seven-year followup assessments showed no effect on neuropsychological development; a small deficit in linear growth (height difference at 7 years in treated patients, 1.17 cm [95% CI, 0.41 to 1.93 cm]) and poorer cognitive outcomes reported as the Attention and Executive Functions subscore of the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (unadjusted difference, −1.8 [95% CI, −4.5 to 1.0]; adjusted P=0.045) in children treated with dimercaptosuccinic acid chelation. LIMITATIONS: Limited to English-language articles; quality and applicability of studies were limited due to study design, poor reporting of statistical outcomes, and loss to followup. Studies were lacking on the effectiveness of screening or treatments in reducing elevated blood lead levels or improving health outcomes in children. There was no direct evidence on the harms of screening children for elevated blood lead levels. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on the benefits and harms of screening children for elevated blood lead levels is lacking. Screening questionnaires are not accurate for identifying children with elevated blood lead levels. Capillary blood testing is slightly less accurate than venous blood testing for identification of elevated blood lead levels. Treatment studies of chelating agents, often combined with environmental or household interventions, were not associated with sustained effects on blood lead levels but were associated with harms.
Download or read book Association Between Childhood Demographics and Blood Lead Screening written by Lina Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lead, as a toxic substance, invades the human body, and gradually damages the organs. Oftentimes, elevated blood lead levels are not recognized until serious health issues are found. In the United States, approximately 250,000 children aged 1-5 years have elevated blood lead levels greater than 10 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004). However, there is no effective treatment for lead poisoning. Chelation can merely decrease the blood lead levels but cannot reverse the existing damage. To prevent and control childhood lead poisoning, many studies have been conducted to investigate the sources of lead and analyze effective prevention strategies. Blood lead screening tests, as preventive methods for childhood lead poisoning, have been implemented by several states for years. However, some still question the effectiveness of blood lead screening tests, and the cost of these tests creates another barrier. These factors largely hinder the progress of eliminating childhood lead poisoning. To institute blood lead screening tests among different populations, some crucial factors must be considered, such as the children's demographic information and the barriers of accessing health care. The data used in this study was provided by the Nevada Kindergarten Health Survey conducted in 2010. This study aims to analyze the association between the likelihood of obtaining blood lead screening tests and childhood demographic characteristics, namely annual household income, race/ethnicity, home zip code, and barriers to accessing to healthcare. The study results signal the barriers for children's blood lead screening tests and provide recommendations for public health professionals and policy makers to implement effective preventive methods for childhood lead poisoning.
Download or read book Estimating Eligibility and Participation for the WIC Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-08-14 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) must estimate the number of people who are eligible to participate in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). These USDA estimates have come under critical scrutiny in part because the number of infants and postpartum women who have actually enrolled in the program has exceeded the number estimated to be eligible by as much as 20 to 30 percent. These high "coverage rates" have led some members of Congress to conclude that some people who participate are truly ineligible, and that funding could be reduced somewhat and still meet the needs of truly eligible persons who wish to participate. But some advocates and state WIC agencies believe that the estimates of the number of eligible persons are too low and more people who are eligible and want to participate could do so. In response to these concerns, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the USDA asked the Committee on National Statistics of the National Research Council to convene a panel of experts to review the methods used to estimate the number of people nationwide who are eligible and likely to participate in the WIC program. The panel's charge is to review currently used and alternative data and methods for estimating income eligibility, adjunctive eligibility from participation in other public assistance programs, nutritional risk, and participation if the program is fully funded.
Download or read book The Great Lead Water Pipe Disaster written by Werner Troesken and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of a long-running environmental catastrophe chronicles the harmful effects of lead pipes and their continued use despite evidence that they pose a significant health risk.
Download or read book Colorectal Cancer Screening written by Joseph Anderson, MD and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-23 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal Cancer Screening provides a complete overview of colorectal cancer screening, from epidemiology and molecular abnormalities, to the latest screening techniques such as stool DNA and FIT, Computerized Tomography (CT) Colonography, High Definition Colonoscopes and Narrow Band Imaging. As the text is devoted entirely to CRC screening, it features many facts, principles, guidelines and figures related to screening in an easy access format. This volume provides a complete guide to colorectal cancer screening which will be informative to the subspecialist as well as the primary care practitioner. It represents the only text that provides this up to date information about a subject that is continually changing. For the primary practitioner, information on the guidelines for screening as well as increasing patient participation is presentedd. For the subspecialist, information regarding the latest imaging techniques as well as flat adenomas and chromoendoscopy are covered. The section on the molecular changes in CRC will appeal to both groups. The text includes up to date information about colorectal screening that encompasses the entire spectrum of the topic and features photographs of polyps as well as diagrams of the morphology of polyps as well as photographs of CT colonography images. Algorithms are presented for all the suggested guidelines. Chapters are devoted to patient participation in screening and risk factors as well as new imaging technology. This useful volume explains the rationale behind screening for CRC. In addition, it covers the different screening options as well as the performance characteristics, when available in the literature, for each test. This volume will be used by the sub specialists who perform screening tests as well as primary care practitioners who refer patients to be screened for colorectal cancer.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Lead written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Case Files Pediatrics Fifth Edition written by Eugene C. Toy and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2015-12-06 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixty high-yield pediatrics cases helps students sharpen their diagnostic and problem-solving skills The Case Files series is an award-winning learning system proven to improve shelf-exam scores and clerkship performance. Unlike other books on the market, this series helps students learn in the context of real patients instead of simply memorizing. Case Files Pediatrics teaches students how to improve their diagnostic and problem-solving skills as they work through sixty high-yield clinical cases. Each case includes a complete discussion, clinical pearls, references, and USMLE-style review questions with answers. The fifth edition has been updated to include a new Case Correlations feature which highlights differential diagnosis and related cases in the book. Updated to reflect the most current high-yield clerkship topics and the latest in medical management and treatment
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Download or read book The Legacy of Lead written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
