Download or read book Recent Changes in Earnings Distributions in the U S written by Kelvin R. Utendorf and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Changes in Earnings Distributions in the United States written by Kelvin R. Utendorf and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Changes in Earnings Distributions in the United States Age and Cohort Effects written by Kelvin R. Utendorf and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, the author uses large Social Security administrative data sets to examine changes in earnings distributions in the United States over the 1980s through the mid-1990s. Because the earnings information contained in these data sets comes directly from the W-2 forms filed by employers, the self-reporting errors and top-coding problems common in other data used for this type of analysis are minimized. Previous research has documented an increase in overall earnings inequality during the 1970s and the 1980s. The author finds that this upward trend in overall earnings inequality continues in the mid-1990s, despite a period of nearly constant or slightly decreased earnings inequality from 1988 through 1992. The data also suggest that between-group earnings inequality, whether dividing the sample into groups by age group or by birth cohort, is increasing. Despite the increase in between-group earnings inequality over the period examined, however, within-group earnings inequality remains by far the largest contributor to overall earnings inequality.
Download or read book Earnings Distributions in the United States written by United States. Social Security Administration. Office of Research and Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earnings Distributions in the United States written by United States. Social Security Administration. Office of Research and Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Changes in Earnings Distributions in the United States written by Kelvin R. Utendorf and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Changes in Earnings Distributions in the United States written by Kelvin R. Utendorf and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper I use large, Social Security administrative data sets to examine changes in earnings distributions in the U.S. over the 1980s and early-1990s. Because the earnings information contained in these data sets comes directly from the W-2 forms filed by employers, the self-reporting errors and top-coding problems common in other data used for this type of analysis are minimized. Previous research has documented an increase in overall earnings inequality during the 1970s and the 1980s. While I too find that overall earnings inequality generally increased during the early- to mid-1980s, I find that this upward trend in earnings inequality might have slowed, or reversed, during the late-1980s and early 1990s. I also find that within-group inequality for various race and gender subgroups of the population generally increased over the period examined, confirming the results of others and extending those findings into the early 1900s. Finally, I find that women's earnings increased relative to men's earnings over the entire period and that the earnings of black males declined relative to the earnings of the other groups examined.
Download or read book True Age Profiles of Earnings written by Giora Hanoch and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Changes in the Income and Tax Distribution written by Susan Weller Burch and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Policy and the Income Distribution written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2006-01-23 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last forty years, rising national income has helped reduce poverty rates, but this has been accompanied by an increase in economic inequality. While these trends are largely attributed to technological change and demographic shifts, such as changing birth rates, labor force patterns, and immigration, public policies have also exerted a profound affect on the welfare of Americans. In Public Policy and the Income Distribution, editors Alan Auerbach, David Card, and John Quigley assemble a distinguished roster of policy analysts to confront the key questions about the role of government policy in altering the level and distribution of economic well being. Public Policy and the Income Distribution tackles many of the most difficult and intriguing questions about how government intervention—or lack thereof—has affected the incomes of everyday Americans. Rebecca Blank analyzes welfare reform, and presents systematic research on income, poverty rates, and welfare and labor force participation of single mothers. She finds that single mothers worked more and were less dependent on public assistance following welfare reform, and that low-skilled single mothers had no greater difficulty finding work than others. Timothy Smeeding compares poverty reduction programs in the United States with policies in other developed countries. Poverty and inequality are higher in the United States than in other advanced economies, but Smeeding argues that this is largely a result of policy choices. Poverty rates based on market incomes alone are actually lower in the United States than elsewhere, but government interventions in the United States were less than half as effective at reducing poverty as were programs in the other countries. The most dramatic poverty reduction story of twentieth century America was seen among the elderly, who went from being the age group most likely to live in poverty in the 1960s to the group least likely to be poor at the end of the century. Gary Englehardt and Jonathan Gruber examine the role of policy in alleviating old-age poverty by estimating the impact of Social Security benefits on the income of the elderly poor. They find that the growth in Social Security almost completely explains the large decline in elderly poverty in the United States The twentieth century was remarkable in the extent to which advances in public policy helped improve the economic well being of Americans. Synthesizing existing knowledge on the effectiveness of public policy and contributing valuable new research, Public Policy and the Income Distribution examines public policy's successes, and points out the areas in which progress remains to be made.
Download or read book Changes in the Age Distribution of Income in the United States 1968 1984 written by Michael J. Boskin and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the interesting changes in the U.S. economy in recent years have been the substantial changes in the age distribution of income and its components. These changes are interesting in and of themselves, but also are an important background against which to interpret aggregate economic statistics. In this paper we present detailed data on both the shares of income, and the relative income per household, of households headed by persons of different ages. These data are supplemented by analogous data for the various components of income: earnings, property income, Social Security, unemployment insurance, welfare, and pensions. These data are tabulated from 17 years of the annual Current Population Surveys (CPS). Among the most interesting trends are the dramatic increase in the share of income received by households over the age of 65 and also in their relative incomes; the enormous growth in the absolute and relative contribution of Social Security income to the incomes of households 55-64, and 65 and over; the sharp decrease in the share of total earnings and of the relative earnings of these two most elderly cohorts; and swings in the shares of total income of the other age cohorts which reflect in part changes in the numbers of persons in households of different ages, e.g., due to the aging of the baby-boom generation
Download or read book Changes in the Age Distribution of Income in the United States 1968 1984 written by Stewart C. Myers and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the interesting changes in the U.S. economy in recent years have been the substantial changes in the age distribution of income and its components. These changes are interesting in and of themselves, but also are an important background against which to interpret aggregate economic statistics. In this paper we present detailed data on both the shares of income, and the relative income per household, of households headed by persons of different ages. These data are supplemented by analogous data for the various components of income: earnings, property income, Social Security, unemployment insurance, welfare, and pensions. These data are tabulated from 17 years of the annual Current Population Surveys (CPS). Among the most interesting trends are the dramatic increase in the share of income received by households over the age of 65 and also in their relative incomes; the enormous growth in the absolute and relative contribution of Social Security income to the incomes of households 55-64, and 65 and over; the sharp decrease in the share of total earnings and of the relative earnings of these two most elderly cohorts; and swings in the shares of total income of the other age cohorts which reflect in part changes in the numbers of persons in households of different ages, e.g., due to the aging of the baby-boom generation.
Download or read book The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.
Download or read book Age Period Cohort Analysis written by Yang Yang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the ways in which statistical models, methods, and research designs can be used to open new possibilities for APC analysis. Within a single, consistent HAPC-GLMM statistical modeling framework, the authors synthesize APC models and methods for three research designs: age-by-time period tables of population rates or proportions, repeated cross-section sample surveys, and accelerated longitudinal panel studies. They show how the empirical application of the models to various problems leads to many fascinating findings on how outcome variables develop along the age, period, and cohort dimensions.
Download or read book A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions written by Claudine Burton-Jeangros and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines health trajectories and health transitions at different stages of the life course, including childhood, adulthood and later life. It provides findings that assess the role of biological and social transitions on health status over time. The essays examine a wide range of health issues, including the consequences of military service on body mass index, childhood obesity and cardiovascular health, socio-economic inequalities in preventive health care use, depression and anxiety during the child rearing period, health trajectories and transitions in people with cystic fibrosis and oral health over the life course. The book addresses theoretical, empirical and methodological issues as well as examines different national contexts, which help to identify factors of vulnerability and potential resources that support resilience available for specific groups and/or populations. Health reflects the ability of individuals to adapt to their social environment. This book analyzes health as a dynamic experience. It examines how different aspects of individual health unfold over time as a result of aging but also in relation to changing socioeconomic conditions. It also offers readers potential insights into public policies that affect the health status of a population.
Download or read book The Changing Distribution of Earnings in OECD Countries written by A B Atkinson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about how much people earn and why the distribution of earnings has been changing over time. The gap between the top and bottom in the United States has widened significantly since 1980. Why has this happened? Is it due to new technologies? What is the role of globalisation? Are there historical precedents? The book begins with the "race" between technology and education, and shows that continuing technical progress does not necessarily imply a continuing rise in dispersion. It then examines the experience of 20 OECD countries over the twentieth century, material presented in the form of 20 country case studies. The book breaks new ground in assembling data on the distribution of individual earnings covering much of the twentieth century and drawing on a variety of under-exploited sources. The findings overturn a number of widely-held beliefs. It is not the earnings of the low paid that have been most affected by the recent changes; widening is largely due to what is happening at the top. The recent rise in earnings dispersion is not unprecedented, but should be seen as part of a longer-run history of successive compression and expansion of earnings differences.
Download or read book Demographic Change and Economic Development at the Local Level in Brazil written by Ernesto Friedrich de Lima Amaral. and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
