Download or read book Formal and Informal Methods in Philosophy written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the tension between formal and informal methods in philosophy. The rise of analytic philosophy was accompanied by the development of formal logic and many successful applications of formal methods. But analytical philosophy does not rely on formal methods alone. Elements of broadly understood informal logic and logical semiotics, procedures used in natural sciences and humanities, and various kinds of intuition also belong to the philosopher’s toolkit. Papers gathered in the book concern the opposition formality–informality as well as other pairs, such as methodology versus metaphilosophy, interdisciplinarity versus intradisciplinarity, and methodological uniformity versus diversity of sciences. Problems of the nature of logic and the explanatory role of mathematical theories are also discussed.
Download or read book Succeeding through the informal way written by Arnaud Segla and published by The Wisemen Council. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION Local economies in countries that receive economic immigration and the country of origin of this flux of migration obey the contexts and dynamics that can be put in perspective to create synergies and to operate to the development of these same migrant populations. The informal economy generally presents an abundant offer in sources (type of distribution and types of actors) and is rich in the diversity of references (in products and services) but it confronts itself to a volatile demand or more precisely a random “willing to pay”. The latter justifies itself by the economic environment characterized among other things by a weak consumer purchasing power and a household confidence that does not aim for the purchasing of pleasures but to those dictated by the strict necessity and the weak occurrence of purchasing based on stimuli where the vector is the publicity or the visual presentation of the sample. In these conditions, building an informal business and succeeding is a challenge that star ts with the assimilation of the basic entrepreneurial notions before secondly dwelling on the levers to improve sales, notably by the mastering of the newest declensions of marketing (an adequate promotion of the quality and performance) more adapted to realities of ethnic or informal entrepreneurship and therefore of the community economy. We go towards a rehabilitation of the consumer taken into inertia by the “fear of unemployment” (dead Time) engendering the debt and of the producer taken into attraction by “the comfortable price” (without effort) engendering speculation. This passes by the modeling and later the explanation of the economic mechanisms in play. Then by the invitation to a change in attitude. This guide is nothing but the star t of this process.
Download or read book Husserl and Realism in Logic and Mathematics written by Robert S. Tragesser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984-02-16 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics and logic present crucial cases in deciding whether the world is of our making or whether some form of realism is true. Edmund Husserl, who was initially a mathematician, discusses this general question extensively, but although his views influenced the Dutch intuitionists and were taken very seriously by Gödel, they have not been widely appreciated among analytical philosophers. In this book Robert Tragesser sets out to determine the conditions under which a realist ontology of mathematics and logic might be justified, taking as his starting point Husserl's treatment of these metaphysical problems. He does not aim primarily at an exposition of Husserl's phenomenology, although many of the central claims of phenomenology are clarified here. Rather he exploits its ideas and methods to show how they can contribute to answering Michael Dummet's question 'Realism or Anti-Realism?'. In doing so he makes a challenging and provocative contribution to the debate.
Download or read book Objectivity Realism and Proof written by Francesca Boccuni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a wide range of topics in the most recent debates in the philosophy of mathematics, and is dedicated to how semantic, epistemological, ontological and logical issues interact in the attempt to give a satisfactory picture of mathematical knowledge. The essays collected here explore the semantic and epistemic problems raised by different kinds of mathematical objects, by their characterization in terms of axiomatic theories, and by the objectivity of both pure and applied mathematics. They investigate controversial aspects of contemporary theories such as neo-logicist abstractionism, structuralism, or multiversism about sets, by discussing different conceptions of mathematical realism and rival relativistic views on the mathematical universe. They consider fundamental philosophical notions such as set, cardinal number, truth, ground, finiteness and infinity, examining how their informal conceptions can best be captured in formal theories. The philosophy of mathematics is an extremely lively field of inquiry, with extensive reaches in disciplines such as logic and philosophy of logic, semantics, ontology, epistemology, cognitive sciences, as well as history and philosophy of mathematics and science. By bringing together well-known scholars and younger researchers, the essays in this collection – prompted by the meetings of the Italian Network for the Philosophy of Mathematics (FilMat) – show how much valuable research is currently being pursued in this area, and how many roads ahead are still open for promising solutions to long-standing philosophical concerns. Promoted by the Italian Network for the Philosophy of Mathematics – FilMat
Download or read book Political Development and the New Realism in Sub Saharan Africa written by David Ernest Apter and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1950s David Apter and Carl Rosenberg have been among the leading American scholars in African Studies. In this volume they, along with other major specialists in the field, explore the new configurations of African politics. With tentative efforts at a revival of democracy now taking place, it seems appropriate to reasses the theoretical debates ad empirical themes that have characterized postwar Sub-Saharan African politics. Focusing on "new realism" that has emerged among Africanists since the dismantling of colonial rule, the essays are presented as a corrective both to the initial euphoria informing African studies and to the later tendency to place blame for all Africa's political and economic difficulties on the receding specter of colonial oppression.
Download or read book Informal Philosophy written by Avrum Stroll and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2009-04-16 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informal Philosophy provides an original look at how we should understand and teach philosophy. Avrum Stroll persuasively argues that philosophy should be evaluated using its own methodology and should not merely mimic formal scientific analysis, because while modern science does inform our philosophical views about man and his place in nature, it does not solve philosophical problems. Stroll effectively makes the case for the use of informal philosophy—that is, an approach guided by common sense, appealing to ordinary discourse, and employing a context-driven line of inquiry—to answer philosophical problems.
Download or read book The Condition of Sustainability written by Ian Drummond and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-23 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the political economy of sustainable development. The authors consider why most approaches to sustainable development have proved inadequate. Bringing together key ideas from social theory, food regimes and sustainability debates, the book presents a new and more dynamic way of thinking about sustainable development and a methodology for applying these ideas. Case study material focuses on the food system particularly the sugar industry in Australia and Barbados.
Download or read book The SAGE Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology written by Steven G. Rogelberg and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 1923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The well-received first edition of the Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (2007, 2 vols) established itself in the academic library market as a landmark reference that presents a thorough overview of this cross-disciplinary field for students, researchers, and professionals in the areas of psychology, business, management, and human resources. Nearly ten years later, SAGE presents a thorough revision that both updates current entries and expands the overall coverage, adding approximately 200 new articles, expanding from two volumes to four. Examining key themes and topics from within this dynamic and expanding field of psychology, this work offers a truly cross-cultural and global perspective.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Recruitment written by Kang Yang Trevor Yu, PhD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook includes the most up to date, evidence-based, and comprehensive coverage of recruitment and retention, as written by the top leaders of recruitment research in the world.
Download or read book Informal International Lawmaking written by Joost Pauwelyn and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many international norms that have emerged in recent years are not set out in formal treaties. They are not concluded in formal international organizations. They frequently involve actors other than formal state representatives. In the realm of finance, health, security, or the environment, international lawmaking is increasingly 'informal': It takes place in networks or loosely organized fora; it involves a multitude of stakeholders including regulators, experts, professional organizations and other non-state actors; it leads to guidelines, standards or best practices. This book critically assesses the concept of informal international lawmaking, its legal nature, and impact at the national and international level. It examines whether it is on the rise, as is often claimed, and if so, what the implications of this are. It addresses what actors are involved in its creation, the processes utilized, and the informal output produced. The book frames informal international lawmaking around three axes: output informality (novel types of norms), process informality (norm-making in networks outside international organizations), and actor informality (the involvement of public agencies and regulators, private actors, and international organizations). Fundamentally, the book is concerned with whether this informality causes problems in terms of keeping transnational lawmaking accountable. By empirically analysing domestic processes of norm elaboration and implementation, the book addresses the key question of how to benefit from the effectiveness of informal international lawmaking without jeopardizing the accountability necessary in the process of making law.
Download or read book In Defense of Informal Logic written by D.S. Levi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My impulse when I decided to collect into a single volume the essays on topics in logical theory and related subjects that I have written in the last fifteen years was to borrow from the title of a work by Sextus Empiricus, and call my collection "Against the Logicians." Although the essays address a variety of problems that interest me, the thread that runs through them is a scepticism about how logicians see things. So, the title appealed to me. However, I had second thoughts and chose instead a title of one of my own essays, "In Defense of Informal Logic", which emphasizes my support for other approaches. Although my criticisms of logical theory are designed to cut deeply, I do not want to be unresponsive to the needs that it is supposed to satisfy. However, my position that we have adequate resources for critically analyzing a particular argument and 00 not need a theory of argumentation, will not completely satisfy those who think that there is a need for it. So, I want them to know that I am taking their concerns seriously.
Download or read book Informal Logic written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Doing Realist Research written by Nick Emmel and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together leading theorists, researchers and policy makers with expertise in using realist methods, this book is a definitive guide to putting realist methodologies into practice. Not just an overview of the field, this book looks to extend current debates and apply realist methods to new and practical challenges in social research. Featuring practical, worked examples of how to turn theory into evidence, it empowers readers not just to understand realist methods, but to use them. It will help readers: - Negotiate the complexity of relational systems - Understand the importance and relevance of cumulative theory - Address concerns over data sources and quality - Be flexible and creative in realist approaches - Produce useful evidence for policy. Sophisticated and globally minded, this book is the perfect addition to the ongoing development and application of realist methods across evaluation, synthesis, and social research.
Download or read book Realistic Bomber Training Initiative written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Linguistic Realism written by Christina Behme and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-07-26 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains new articles by leading philosophers and linguists discussing a promising philosophical framework distinct from currently dominant ones: Linguistic Realism. As opposed to Nominalism and Chomskyian Conceptualism, this approach distinguishes between use of language, knowledge of language, and language as such. The latter is conceived as part of the realm of abstract objects. The authors show how adopting Linguistic Realism overcomes entrenched problems with other frameworks and suggest that Linguistic Realism will best serve those interested in formal linguistics, the cognitive dimension of natural language, and linguistic philosophy. The essays offer different perspectives on Linguistic Realism, either supporting this paradigm or taking it as a starting point for developing modified conceptions of linguistics and for further tying linguistics to the kind of formal theories of sensory cognition that were pioneered in visual perception by David Marr—whose work is predicated on exactly the object/knowledge distinction made by Linguistic Realists.
Download or read book Informal Learning written by Lloyd Davies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In much of the developed world, learning is synonymous with the formal, structured processes that involve teachers, lecturers or trainers. Yet it is experience that is by far the most influential teacher that any of us will have, from the very first moment we are born. Lloyd Davies puts forward a new way of looking at experiential learning; a model that identifies the elements, and points to some of the dynamics. The book highlights the characteristics that are common to the learning process, explains how we learn from experience and why each of us sees our experiences in different ways and, consequently, learns different lessons. It provides advice and guidance on how each of the various elements of the process can be used to greater effect, both for individual and group learning, as well as in mentoring and counselling. The book, which is based on the author's research, is written for a wide readership that includes both learning practitioners and students. If individuals and the organizations within which they work, as students or as employees, understand the basis on which they learn and can turn the process from a passive to an active one, the implications for their development are profound. Lloyd Davies' model for Informal Learning provides a relevant, flexible and significant tool that can offer a sea-change in the way we all learn.
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of International Organization written by Bob Reinalda and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-07 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook brings together scholars whose essays discuss significant issues with regard to international organization as a process and international organizations as institutions. Although the focus is on intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are discussed where relevant. The handbook is divided into six parts: Documentation, Data Sets and Sources International Secretariats as Bureaucracies Actors within International Bureaucracies Processes within International Bureaucracies Challenges to International Organizations, and Expanding International Architectures. The state-of-the-art articles are meant to encourage current and future generations of scholars to enjoy working in and further exploiting the field and are also of great interest to practitioners of international organization and global governance
