Download or read book Real Options Portfolio Effects and Financial Structure written by Jianfu Shen and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Real Options, Portfolio Effects and Financial Structure: Theory and Evidence From Hong Kong Real Estate Companies" by Jianfu, Shen, 沈建富, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The aim of this research is to investigate corporate behavior, including investment and financing decisions, when corporations face uncertainty and flexibility/inflexibility, and to explore the effects of this behavior on real option valuation. It expands the real options analysis framework into two paths: the first is to add institutional details, portfolio aspects and financial structure into the classical real option model; the other is to extend the real option model into a firm valuation model with corporate investment and financing decisions. Two types of theoretical models are developed. The first set of theoretical models follows the framework of binomial option pricing. Three binomial option pricing models are constructed to represent real estate development in Hong Kong, in which developable land has different flexibility in accordance with covenants in typical land lease contracts. First, the firm may have contractually limited time to complete the development following conversion of urban fringe/agricultural land into commercial/residential land after paying a negotiable "land premium"; second, it may buy land from the market without development time constraints; or thirdly it may buy land at public auction also with contractual development time constraints. The three binomial models deal with the flexibility/inflexibility in these land development circumstances imposed by institutional arrangements. Interaction effects from cost-saving through co-development and potential price increases through agglomeration effects from co-location of multiple options are included in the binomial models. The financial structure of the firm is also seen to influence real option values, because capital structure could imply different capital costs in the exercise of the real options, which is ignored in traditional real option theory. In addition to the traditional factors in financial option pricing models, numerical examples show that interaction effects and capital structure influence real option values and their investment thresholds. The second set of theoretical models aims to value both real flexibility and financial flexibility dynamically and simultaneously. Financial flexibility in the firm, which is seen as an important factor in the capital structure decision, is itself seen as analogous to a real option in project valuation, as the firm can use some debt capacity to invest in the opportunity but still preserve unused capacity for future opportunities. The thesis argues that the firm owns the financial flexibility to adjust its debt through sale of its existing assets or to use these as loan collateral. The firm with more collateralizable assets would have larger debt capacity, use more debt and invest more through the flexible utilization of debt capacity. Two empirical tests are conducted to confirm the findings of the theoretical models, structured into three principal hypotheses: firstly, real option value is not only determined by embedded flexibility, but also by the existing corporate asset structure through interactions and the firm's ability to trade or collateralize its existing assets (properties); second, real option value and real option execution/investment is directly influenced by external financing decisions due to financial frictions and constraints; and thirdly, financial flexibility is expected to increase corpor

Download or read book Portfolios of Real Options written by Rainer Brosch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-29 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Valuing portfolios of options embedded in investment decisions is arguably one of the most important and challenging problems in real options and corporate ?nance in general. Although the problem is common and vitally important in the value creation process of almost any corporation, it has not yet been satisfactorily addressed. It is key for any corporation facing strategic resource allocation decisions, be it a pharmaceutical ?rm valuing and managing its pipeline of drugs, a telecom company having to select a set of technological alternatives, a venture capital or private equity ?rm investing in a portfolio of ventures, or any company allocating resources. Portfolios of real options typically interact such that the value of the whole differs from the sum of the separate parts. Thus one must address and value the particular con?guration of options embedded in a speci?c situation, taking into account the con?guration of other options already present in the portfolio, which in turn depends on the correlation struc ture among the various underlying assets and the strategic dependencies among the options themselves (e. g. , mutual exclusivity, strategic additiv ity, compoundness, complementarity etc. ). In that sense, optimal decisions also depend on past option exercise decisions by management and organi zational capabilities put in place in the past.

Download or read book Real Options Portfolio Effects and Financial Structure written by 沈建富 and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Real Options Theory written by Jeffrey J. Reuer and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2007-07-05 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the ways in which real options theory can contribute to strategic management. This volume offers conceptual pieces that trace out pathways for the theory to move forward and presents research on the implications of real options for strategic investment, organization, and firm performance.

Download or read book Real Options in Theory and Practice written by Graeme Guthrie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision-makers in business and economics face a staggering array of problems. For example, managers of growing firms have to decide when to expand their business, governments have to decide whether to undertake large infrastructure investments, and managers of oil firms must decide how rapidly to deplete their reserves. While these problems seem quite diverse, they all share many important features. In each case, the decision-maker must choose when to take a particular action that will be potentially impossible to reverse, and the consequences of taking (or not taking) that action are uncertain. Also, the timing and nature of these actions directly affect the cash flows generated by the entities they manage. This book explains how techniques originally developed to price financial derivatives can be used to analyze real-world decisions, and provides the tools necessary to put them into practice. The real options analysis approach to decision-making is built on strong theoretical foundations, and is widely discussed in practitioner literature, but often only at a fairly intuitive level. What practitioners need-and what this book delivers-is a structured approach to systematically applying real options analysis to the wide variety of problems they will meet in business and economics. Real Options in Theory and Practice focuses on building up a general approach to solving real options problems from the ground up. Rather than aiming to build a "black box" to solve a small set of standardized real options problems, it describes the building blocks of any successful real options analysis and shows how they can be assembled in a way that is appropriate to the problem being analyzed. For both practitioners and academics, Real Options in Theory and Practice will serve as an authoritative and invaluable resource for those looking for effective and practical solutions to complex, real-life problems.

Download or read book Real Options and Investment Under Uncertainty written by Eduardo S. Schwartz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of investment under uncertainty was stagnant for several decades until developments in real options revitalized the field. The topics covered in this book include the reasons behind the under-investment programme.

Download or read book Real R D Options written by Dean Paxson and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2003-01-17 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text addresses a wide range of issues in valuation using the Real Options technique. It covers the whole area of Real Options and looks closely at developments, especially in valuing technology companies. Authors in Europe, North and South America, Asia and Africa provide seven Real Options models and applications.

Download or read book What Is So Real About Real Options and Why Are They Optional written by Johnathan Mun and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-14 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, corporate investment decisions were cut and dried. Buy a new machine that is more efficient, make more products costing a certain amount, and if the benefits outweigh the costs, execute the investment. Hire a larger pool of sales associates, expand the current geographical area, and if the marginal increase in forecast sales revenues exceeds the additional salary and implementation costs, start hiring. Need a new manufacturing plant? Show that the construction costs can be recouped quickly and easily by the increase in revenues the plant will generate through new and improved products, and the initiative is approved. However, real-life business conditions are a lot more complicated. Your firm decides to go with an e-commerce strategy, but multiple strategic paths exist. Which path do you choose? What are the options you have? If you choose the wrong path, how do you get back on the right track? How do you value and prioritize the paths that exist? You are a venture capitalist firm with multiple business plans to consider. How do you value a start-up firm with no proven track record? How do you structure a mutually beneficial investment deal? What is the optimal timing to a second or third round of financing? This chapter provides a novel approach to applying real options to answering these issues and more.

Download or read book Real Options in Practice written by Marion A. Brach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-07 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores real option theory applied in practice Real options are quickly becoming the valuation and decision-making method of choice for many companies, including oil and gas companies, utilities and natural resource companies, pharmaceutical and biotech companies, Internet companies, and many others. Real Options in Practice allows readers to view the world of real options from the vantage point of a corporate practitioner applying real option valuation techniques on a regular basis. Expert Marion Brach describes the challenges of implementing a real option framework in practice within a corporate setting. Touching on the real options most firms care about, Real Options in Practice identifies the classic types of real options-deferral, abandonment, switching, expansion, and compound-and explores the main concepts critical to understanding real option theory. Through Brach's own three-step real option valuation method readers will learn how the theory of real options is now being applied to drive better, more profitable corporate decision-making. Marion A. Brach, MD, MBA (Hagen, Germany), has undertaken financial valuation of business opportunities and acquisitions using scenario and real option valuation in the biotech industry. A recognized expert on real option theory and practice, Brach received her MBA from the Manchester Business School and frequently speaks at real option seminars.

Download or read book Real Options Analysis written by Johnathan Mun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-01-07 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutting-edge information on the valuation and application of real options Most investors and risk managers are familiar with financial options. But the real option structure is embedded in billions of dollars of stocks traded every day, and in billions of dollars of strategic or investment decisions made by many companies. Real options are a useful tool to guide a firm's strategic planning, and can create or enhance a firm's value. Real Options Analysis provides a revolutionary approach to evaluating and valuing capital investment strategies by taking into consideration the real options inherent in the strategic decision-making process. This book provides readers with a qualitative and quantitative description of real options, the methods used in solving real options, why and when they are used, and the applicability of these methods in decision-making. In addition, multiple business cases and real-life scenarios are discussed. This includes presenting and framing the problems, as well as the introduction of a stepwise quantitative process developed by the author for solving these problems using the different methodologies inherent in real options-with the assistance of Real Options software powered by Crystal Ball(TM), which is included on the companion CD-ROM. With technical presentations of models and approaches backed by theoretical and mathematical justifications, Real Options Analysis is one of the most comprehensive guides available on real options.

Download or read book The Real Options Solution written by F. Peter Boer and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2002-11-08 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harness the power of real options Real options theory is based on the Nobel Prize--winning work on financial options, and has captured the interest of executives, managers, and investors who need to understand the future profitability of an asset. Originally developed to value technology initiatives and companies, the method is now being applied broadly across various businesses and industries. The Real Options Solution offers comprehensive coverage of the real options approach with a five-step framework and examples for applying the author's unique total value model based on real options analysis. This approach will help executives and investors minimize the risk of committing to new ventures and delivers a framework flexible enough to apply to business initiatives in all types of companies.

Download or read book Real Options Analysis Course written by Johnathan Mun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for Real Options Analysis Course "Dr. Mun's latest book is a logical extension of the theory and application presented in Real Options Analysis. More specifically, the Real Options Analysis Course presents numerous real options examples and provides the reader with step-by-step problem-solving techniques. After having read the book, readers will better understand the underlying theory and the opportunities for applying real option theory in corporate decision-making." -Chris D. Treharne, President, Gibraltar Business Appraisals, Inc. "This text provides an excellent follow up to Dr. Mun's first book, Real Options Analysis. The cases in Real Options Analysis Course provide numerous examples of how the use of real options and the Real Options Analysis Toolkit software can assist in the valuation of strategic and managerial flexibility in a variety of arenas." -Charles T. Hardy, PhD, Chief Financial Officer & Director of Business Development, Panorama Research, Inc. "Most of us come to real options from the perspective of our own areas of expertise. Mun's great skill with this book is in making real options analysis understandable, relevant, and immediately applicable to the field within which you are working." -Robert Fourt, Partner, Gerald Eve (UK) "Mun provides a practical step-by-step guide to applying simulation and real options analysis-invaluable to those of us who are no longer satisfied with conventional valuation approaches alone." -Fred Kohli, Head of Portfolio Management, Syngenta Crop Protection Ltd. (Switzerland)

Download or read book Equilibrium Implications of Real Option Positions on the Term Structure of Interest Rates Asset Prices and Portfolio Choice written by Carles Vergara-Alert and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Real Options Valuation written by Marcus Schulmerich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managerial decision-making during the lifetime of a project can have im portant implications on project handling and its contribution to shareholder value. Traditional capital budgeting methods (in particular methods based on net present value) fail to capture the role of managerial degrees of free dom and therefore tend to lead to a systematic undervaluation of the project. In contrast, the real options approach to investment analysis characterizes decision-making flexibility in terms of (real) option rights which can be eval uated analogously to financial options using contingent-claims pricing tech niques widely used in capital markets. The research carried out by Marcus Schulmerich analyzes real options for n- constant and stochastic interest rates versus constant interest rates. Analyzing stochastic interest rates in the context of real options valuation is of particular relevance given their long time to maturity which makes them more vulnera ble to interest rate risk than short-term financial options. To date, there has not been a comprehensive review of this issue in the academic literature. The fact that interest rates have fiuctuated widely over the recent years further highlights the need for studying this issue.

Download or read book Project Valuation Using Real Options written by Prasad Kodukula and published by J. Ross Publishing. This book was released on 2006-07-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Business leaders are frequently faced with investment decisions on new and ongoing projects. The challenge lies in deciding what projects to choose, expand, contract, defer, or abandon, and which method of valuation to use is the key tool in the process. This title presents a step-by-step, practical approach to real options valuation to make it easily understandable by practitioners as well as senior management. This systematic approach to project valuation helps you minimize upfront investment risks, exercise flexibility in decision making, and maximize the returns. Whereas the traditional decision tools such as discounted cash flow/net present value (DCF/NPV) analysis assume a “fixed” path ahead, real options analysis offers more flexible strategies. Considered one of the greatest innovations of modern finance, the real options approach is based on Nobel-prize winning work by three MIT economists, Fischer Black, Robert Merton, and Myron Scholes.

Download or read book Dynamic Models and Structural Estimation in Corporate Finance written by Ilya A. Strebulaev and published by Now Pub. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of this monograph are to explain the models and techniques and make it more accessible, introduce the main strands of this literature, and explain how dynamic models can be taken to the data and estimated, providing a guide to 3 methodologies: generalized method of moments, simulated method of moments, and maximum simulated likelihood.

Download or read book Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory written by Kerry Back and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the classical results on single-period, discrete-time, and continuous-time models of portfolio choice and asset pricing. It also treats asymmetric information, production models, various proposed explanations for the equity premium puzzle, and topics important for behavioral finance.