Download or read book Reagan s War on Terrorism in Nicaragua written by Philip W. Travis and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first two years of Ronald Reagan’s second term the United States developed an offensive strategy for dealing with conflict in the developing world. Nicaragua was a primary target of this policy. Scholars refer to this as the Reagan offensive: the first time that the United States eschewed the norms of containment and sought to “roll-back” the gains of communism. However, the Reagan offensive was also significantly driven by a response to the emergent threat of international terrorism. Terrorism provided a vehicle that justified its use of aggressive proxy war and pursuit of regime change in Central America. U.S. policy with Nicaragua demonstrates the importance of terrorism to the development of a more aggressive United States in the post-Cold War world. This book examines the influence of the U.S.-Contra War in establishing a precedent for the use of overt pre-emptive force against sovereign nations in the name of counterterrorism. In the 21st century, the United States undertook a policy with the world based on a broad definition of self-defense that called for an array of actions that often violated traditional norms of international law and recognition of sovereign rights. This book demonstrates that the precedent for this change occurred in the late Cold War as the United States sought to respond to an escalation of global terrorism. The emergent problem of terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s transformed how and when the United States applied force in the world.
Download or read book At War in Nicaragua written by E. Bradford Burns and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 1987 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Outlaw States written by Philip Travis and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1980s, a terrorism crisis transformed U.S. foreign policy. The Reagan administration altered the old model of Cold War containment and constructed a new offensive policy to combat state sponsored terrorism. While the war on terrorism in the post September 11, 2001 world reflects an important moment in history, the roots lie in U.S. policy with Nicaragua following the overthrow of the Somoza regime in 1979.
Download or read book Reagan Versus The Sandinistas written by Thomas W Walker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The product of research and investigation by a team of sixteen authors, Reagan versus the Sandinistas is the most comprehensive and current study to date of the Reagan administration's mounting campaign to reverse the Sandinista revolution. The authors thoroughly examine all major aspects of Reagan's "low-intensity war," from the U.S. government's attempts at economic destabilization to direct CIA sabotage and the sponsorship of the contras or freedom fighters. They also explore less-public tactics such as electronic penetration, behind-the-scenes manipulation of religious and ethnic tensions, and harassment of U.S. Nicaraguan specialists and "fellow travelers." The book concludes with a consideration of the impact of these activities and their implications for international law, U.S. interests, U.S. polity, and Nicaragua itself. Reagan versus the Sandinistas is designed not only for courses on Latin America, U.S. foreign policy, and international relations, but also for students, scholars, and others interested in understanding one of the most massive, complex efforts—short of direct intervention—organized by the United States to overthrow the government of another country.
Download or read book On Trial written by Permanent Peoples' Tribunal and published by San Francisco : Synthesis Publications. This book was released on 1985 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On Trial written by Marlene Dixon and published by . This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On Trial written by International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples. Permanent People's Tribunal and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contra Terror in Nicaragua written by Reed Brody and published by South End Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposes the policies of torture, murder, and wanton violence employed by the forces Reagan described as the moral equivalents of our Founding Fathers.
Download or read book Washington s War on Nicaragua written by Holly Sklar and published by South End Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of U.S. policy from the Sandinista revolution through the Iran-contra scandal and beyond. Sklar shows how the White House sabotaged peace negoatiations and sustained the deadly contra war despite public opposition, with secret U.S. special forces and an auxiliary arm of dictators, drug smugglers and death squad godfathers, and illuminates an alternative policy rooted in law and democracy.
Download or read book Nicaragua the Price of Intervention written by Peter Kornbluh and published by Washington, D.C. : Institute for Policy Studies. This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Outcast Among Allies written by Daniel Siegel and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On Trial written by Marlene Dixon and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Out of Control written by Leslie Cockburn and published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. This book was released on 1988 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the last two years, the author has been investigating the secret funding of the Contras by the White House. Here, she identifies the network of National Security Council staff (led by Colonel Oliver North), CIA operatives and ex-agents who set up this illegal support system, after the passage of the Boland Amendment in October 1984 made it illegal for the US government to give direct and indirect aid to the Contras.
Download or read book Out of Control written by Leslie Cockburn and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a compelling account that tracks the behind-the-scenes dealings of this wide-ranging cast of characters, Cockburn details how mercenaries were recruited and trained by the CIA; how money was obtained; and weapons were procured and sent to the contras.
Download or read book Iran Contra written by Malcolm Byrne and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything began to unravel on October 5, 1986, when a Nicaraguan soldier downed an American plane carrying arms to “Contra” guerrillas, exposing a tightly held U.S. clandestine program. A month later, reports surfaced that Washington had been covertly selling arms to Iran (our sworn enemy and a state sponsor of terrorism), in exchange for help freeing hostages in Beirut. The profits, it turned out, were going to support the Contras, despite an explicit ban by Congress. In the firestorm that erupted, shocking details emerged, raising the prospect of impeachment, and the American public confronted a scandal as momentous as it was confusing. At its center was President Ronald Reagan amid a swirl of questions about illegal wars, consorting with terrorists, and the abuse of presidential power. Yet, despite the enormity of the issues, the affair dropped from the public radar due to media overkill, years of legal wrangling, and a vigorous campaign to forestall another Watergate. As a result, many Americans failed to grasp the scandal’s full import. Through exhaustive use of declassified documents, previously unavailable investigative materials, and wide-ranging interviews, Malcolm Byrne revisits this largely forgotten and misrepresented episode. Placing the events in their historical and political context (notably the Cold War and a sharp partisan domestic divide), he explores what made the affair possible and meticulously relates how it unfolded—including clarifying minor myths about cakes, keys, bibles, diversion memos, and shredding parties. Iran-Contra demonstrates that, far from being a “junta” against the president, the affair could not have occurred without awareness and approval at the very top of the U.S. government. Byrne reveals an unmistakable pattern of dubious behavior—including potentially illegal conduct by the president, vice president, the secretaries of state and defense, the CIA director and others—that formed the true core of the scandal. Given the lack of meaningful consequences for those involved, the volume raises critical questions about the ability of our current system of checks and balances to address presidential abuses of power, and about the possibility of similar outbreaks in the future.
Download or read book Reagan Versus The Sandinistas written by Thomas W Walker and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1987-07-23 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Blood on the Border written by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human rights activist and historian Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz has been described as “a force of nature on the page and off.” That force is fully present in Blood on the Border, the third in her acclaimed series of memoirs. Seamlessly blending the personal and the political, Blood on the Border is Dunbar-Ortiz’s firsthand account of the decade-long dirty war pursued by the Contras and the United States against the people of Nicaragua. With the 1981 bombing of a Nicaraguan plane in Mexico City—a plane Dunbar-Ortiz herself would have been on if not for a delay—the US-backed Contras (short for los contrarrevolucionarios) launched a major offensive against Nicaragua’s Sandinista regime, which the Reagan administration labeled as communist. While her rich political analysis of the US-Nicaraguan relationship bears the mark of a trained historian, Dunbar-Ortiz also writes from her perspective as an intrepid activist who spent months at a time throughout the 1980s in the war-torn country, especially in the remote northeastern region, where the Indigenous Miskitu people were relentlessly assailed and nearly wiped out by CIA-trained Contra mercenaries. She makes painfully clear the connections between what many US Americans today remember only vaguely as the Iran-Contra “affair” and ongoing US aggression in the Americas, the Middle East, and around the world—connections made even more explicit in a new afterword written for this edition. A compelling, important, and sobering story on its own, Blood on the Border offers a deeply informed, closely observed, and heartfelt view of history in the making.
