Download or read book The Black White Test Score Gap written by Christopher Jencks and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " The test score gap between blacks and whites—on vocabulary, reading, and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence--is large enough to have far-reaching social and economic consequences. In their introduction to this book, Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips argue that eliminating the disparity would dramatically reduce economic and educational inequality between blacks and whites. Indeed, they think that closing the gap would do more to promote racial equality than any other strategy now under serious discussion. The book offers a comprehensive look at the factors that contribute to the test score gap and discusses options for substantially reducing it. Although significant attempts have been made over the past three decades to shrink the test score gap, including increased funding for predominantly black schools, desegregation of southern schools, and programs to alleviate poverty, the median black American still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. The book brings together recent evidence on some of the most controversial and puzzling aspects of the test score debate, including the role of test bias, heredity, and family background. It also looks at how and why the gap has changed over the past generation, reviews the educational, psychological, and cultural explanations for the gap, and analyzes its educational and economic consequences. The authors demonstrate that traditional explanations account for only a small part of the black-white test score gap. They argue that this is partly because traditional explanations have put too much emphasis on racial disparities in economic resources, both in homes and in schools, and on demographic factors like family structure. They say that successful theories will put more emphasis on psychological and cultural factors, such as the way black and white parents teach their children to deal with things they do not know or understand, and the way black and white children respond to the same classroom experiences. Finally, they call for large-scale experiments to determine the effects of schools' racial mix, class size, ability grouping, and other policies. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Claude Steele, Ronald Ferguson, William G. Bowen, Philip Cook, and William Julius Wilson. "
Download or read book Lumos Reading Comprehension Skill Builder Grade 4 Literature Informational Text and Evidence based Reading written by Lumos Learning and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-04 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook on the Science of Early Literacy written by and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Language and Literacy written by C. Addison Stone and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An acclaimed reference that fills a significant gap in the literature, this volume examines the linkages between spoken and written language development, both typical and atypical. Leading authorities address the impact of specific language-related processes on K-12 literacy learning, with attention to cognitive, neurobiological, sociocultural, and instructional issues. Approaches to achieving optimal learning outcomes with diverse students are reviewed. The volume presents research-based practices for assessing student needs and providing effective instruction in all aspects of literacy: word recognition, reading comprehension, writing, and spelling. New to This Edition *Chapters on digital literacy, disciplinary literacy, and integrative research designs. *Chapters on bilingualism, response to intervention, and English language learners. *Incorporates nearly a decade's worth of empirical and theoretical advances. *Numerous prior edition chapters have been completely rewritten.
Download or read book Reading Comprehension Difficulties written by Cesare Cornoldi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing the characteristics of children with learning disabilities and deciding how to help them is a problem faced by schools all over the world. Although some disorders are fairly easily recognizable (e.g., mental retardation) or very specific to single components of performance and quite rare (e.g., developmental dyscalculia), schools must consider much larger populations of children with learning difficulties who cannot always be readily classified. These children present high-level learning difficulties that affect their performance on a variety of school tasks, but the underlying problem is often their difficulty in understanding written text. In many instances, despite good intellectual abilities and a superficial ability to cope with written texts and to use language appropriately, some children do not seem to grasp the most important elements, or cannot find the pieces of information they are looking for. Sometimes these difficulties are not immediately detected by the teacher in the early school years. They may be hidden because the most obvious early indicators of reading progress in the teacher's eyes do not involve comprehension of written texts or because the first texts a child encounters are quite simple and reflect only the difficulty level of the oral messages (sentences, short stories, etc.) with which the child is already familiar. However, as years go by and texts get more complex, comprehension difficulties will become increasingly apparent and increasingly detrimental to effective school learning. In turn, studying, assimilating new information, and many other situations requiring text comprehension -- from problem solving to reasoning with linguistic contents -- could be affected. Problems with decoding, dyslexia, and language disorders have attracted more interest from researchers than have specific comprehension problems and have occupied more room in specialized journals. Normal reading comprehension has also been a favorite with researchers. However, scarce interest has been paid to subjects who have comprehension difficulties. This book is an attempt to remedy this situation. In so doing, this volume answers the following questions: * Does a reading comprehension problem exist in schools? * How important and widespread is the problem? * Is the problem specific? * How can a reading comprehension difficulty be defined and identified? * Does the "syndrome" have a single pattern or can different subtypes be identified? * What are the main characteristics associated with a reading comprehension difficulty? * When can other well-identified problems add to our understanding of reading comprehension difficulties? * Which educational strategies are effective in preventing and treating reading comprehension difficulties? * What supplementary information can we get from an international perspective?
Download or read book Handbook of Language and Literacy Second Edition written by C. Addison Stone and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An acclaimed reference that fills a significant gap in the literature, this volume examines the linkages between spoken and written language development, both typical and atypical. Leading authorities address the impact of specific language-related processes on K-12 literacy learning, with attention to cognitive, neurobiological, sociocultural, and instructional issues. Approaches to achieving optimal learning outcomes with diverse students are reviewed. The volume presents research-based practices for assessing student needs and providing effective instruction in all aspects of literacy: word recognition, reading comprehension, writing, and spelling. New to This Edition *Chapters on digital literacy, disciplinary literacy, and integrative research designs. *Chapters on bilingualism, response to intervention, and English language learners. *Incorporates nearly a decade's worth of empirical and theoretical advances. *Numerous prior edition chapters have been completely rewritten.
Download or read book Handbook of Reading Research written by Michael L. Kamil and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-03-17 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Reading Research is the research handbook for the field. Each volume has come to define the field for the period of time it covers. Volume IV brings the field authoritatively and comprehensively up-to-date.
Download or read book Reading Comprehension and Skills Grade 4 written by and published by Carson-Dellosa Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-15 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reading Comprehension and Skills for fourth grade is designed to help students develop a strong foundation of reading basics so that they will become competent readers who can advance to more challenging texts. It includes engaging passages and stories about a variety of subjects to appeal to all readers. The book also encourages vocabulary development and reinforces reading comprehension through leveled activity pages that target each student's individual needs for support. Kelley Wingate's Reading Comprehension and Skills series is the perfect choice for both teachers and parents. This valuable reading and comprehension skills practice book provides nearly 100 reproducible pages of exciting activities, 96 durable flash cards, and a motivating award certificate. The differentiated activity pages give students the practice they need at a level that is perfect to help them master basic reading comprehension skills necessary to succeed and are great for use at both school and home.
Download or read book Correcting Reading Problems in the Classroom written by Carl Bernard Smith and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report written by Wisconsin. Dept. of Public Instruction and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Wisconsin written by Wisconsin. Department of Public Instruction and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biennial Report written by Wisconsin. Department of Public Instruction and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Academic Skills Problems written by Edward S. Shapiro and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a revised and expanded fifth edition that reflects current research and best practices in direct assessment and intervention, this text addresses a perennial need for school practitioners and practitioners in training. Presented is a comprehensive, problem-solving-based approach for working with K–12 students who are struggling with reading, writing, or mathematics. The book provides a framework for evaluating the instructional environment as well as each student's context and unique learning needs; planning instructional modifications; and monitoring progress. The companion workbook, available separately, contains practice exercises and reproducible forms. New to This Edition *Revised throughout by new coauthor Nathan H. Clemens, while retaining the core elements of Edward S. Shapiro's approach. *New emphasis on the central role of language in reading, mathematics, and writing development and difficulties, and implications for working more effectively with linguistically and culturally diverse students. *Fresh perspectives on behaviors that facilitate learning, such as attention to task and following directions. *Updated and expanded coverage of key topics--universal screening; progress monitoring; intensive, individualized academic skills interventions; and more. See also Academic Skills Problems Fifth Edition Workbook, which provides the reproducible forms discussed in the text, practice exercises, and additional useful materials, in a convenient large-size format.
Download or read book Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1973 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. General Subcommittee on Education and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science Cognitive Processes written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential reference for human development theory, updated and reconceptualized The Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, a four-volume reference, is the field-defining work to which all others are compared. First published in 1946, and now in its Seventh Edition, the Handbook has long been considered the definitive guide to the field of developmental science. Volume 2: Cognitive Processes describes cognitive development as a relational phenomenon that can be studied only as part of a larger whole of the person and context relational system that sustains it. In this volume, specific domains of cognitive development are contextualized with respect to biological processes and sociocultural contexts. Furthermore, key themes and issues (e.g., the importance of symbolic systems and social understanding) are threaded across multiple chapters, although every each chapter is focused on a different domain within cognitive development. Thus, both within and across chapters, the complexity and interconnectivity of cognitive development are well illuminated. Learn about the inextricable intertwining of perceptual development, motor development, emotional development, and brain development Understand the complexity of cognitive development without misleading simplification, reducing cognitive development to its biological substrates, or viewing it as a passive socialization process Discover how each portion of the developmental process contributes to subsequent cognitive development Examine the multiple processes – such as categorizing, reasoning, thinking, decision making and judgment – that comprise cognition The scholarship within this volume and, as well, across the four volumes of this edition, illustrate that developmental science is in the midst of a very exciting period. There is a paradigm shift that involves increasingly greater understanding of how to describe, explain, and optimize the course of human life for diverse individuals living within diverse contexts. This Handbook is the definitive reference for educators, policy-makers, researchers, students, and practitioners in human development, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and neuroscience.
