Download or read book Reaction of Epoxides with Wood written by Roger M. Rowell and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reaction of Epoxides with Wood written by Roger M. Rowell and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a summary of an 8-year research program at the Forest Products Laboratory on chemical modification of wood with epoxides. Several species of wood were tested and the reactivity of many mono and difunctional epoxides was determined. The majority of the research concentrated on the reactions of propylene and butylene oxides catalyzed with triethylamine using southern pine. Low molecular weight epoxides react with wood cell wall polymer hydroxyl groups using a mild alkali catalyst. The chemicals penetrate the cell wall, reaction is fast, there are no byproducts generated with dry wood, and stable chemical bonds are formed. Because reaction takes place in the cell wall, the increase in wood volume from the treatment is proportional to the calculated volume of chemical added. Bulking of the wood, caused by bonded chemical, results in 50 to 70 percent dimensional stability at chemical weight gains of 20 to 30 percent. Above this level of treatment, the increase in added chemical causes the cell wall structure to break down and dimensional stability is lost. Good resistance to biological attack is observed in wood modified to levels of 20 to 30 weight percent gains in laboratory tests with brown and white-rot fungi, and with termites.
Download or read book Wood Modification written by Callum A. S. Hill and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is exclusively concerned with wood modification, although many of these processes are generic and can be applied to other lignocellulosic materials. There have been many rapid developments in wood modification over the past decade and, in particular, there has been considerable progress made in the commercialisation of technologies. Topics covered include: The use of timber in the 21st century Modifying the properties of wood Chemical modification of wood: Acetic Anhydride Modification and reaction with other chemicals Thermal modification of wood Surface modification Impregnation modification Commercialisation of wood modification Environmental consideration and future developments This is the first time that a book has covered all wood modification technologies in one text. Although the book covers the main research developments in wood modification, it also puts wood modification into context and additionally deals with aspects of commercialisation and environmental impact. This book is very timely, because wood modification is undergoing huge developments at the present time, driven in part by environmental concerns regarding the use of wood treated with certain preservatives. There has been considerable commercial interest shown in wood modification over the past decade, with products based upon thermal modification, and furfurylation now being actively being marketed. The next few years will see the commercialisation of acetylation and impregnation modification. This is a new industry, but one that has enormous potential. This book will prove useful to all those with an interest in wood modification including researchers, technologists and professionals working in wood science and timber engineering, wood preservation, and well as professionals in the paper and pulp industries, and those with an interest in the development of renewable materials.
Download or read book Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites written by Roger M. Rowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood has played a major role throughout human history. Strong and versatile, the earliest humans used wood to make shelters, cook food, construct tools, build boats, and make weapons. Recently, scientists, politicians, and economists have renewed their interest in wood because of its unique properties, aesthetics, availability, abundance, and perha
Download or read book Research Paper FPL written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term Load Performance of Hardboard I beams written by J. Dobbin McNatt and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Modification of Lignocellulosic Materials written by DavidN.-S. Hon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume emphasizes the growing need for wood products with advanced engineering properties. It details the fundamental principles of cellulose technology and presents current techniques to modifying the basic chemistry of lignocellulosic materials. The work: discusses the cost-efficient use of cellulose derivatives in a variety of commodities; highlights the chemical modification of wood by methods such as etherification, esterification and thermoplasticization; considers recent progress in the lignocellulosic liquefaction of wood; and more.
Download or read book Wood Deterioration Protection and Maintenance written by Ladislav Reinprecht and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance provides an up to date discussion of the natural durability of wood, wood degradation processes, and methods of structural and chemical protection of wood. Modern active substances in wood preservatives and the relationships between preservative properties, the anatomical structure and moisture content of wood and protective processes involving pressure and/or diffusion driving forces are fully illustrated.
Download or read book Dividends from Wood Research written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wood Modification Technologies written by Dick Sandberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The market for durable products using modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years. This is partly because of the restriction on the use of toxic preservatives due to environmental concerns, and to lower maintenance cost and time. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials is factored in planning by considering the whole life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. Wood is modified to improve its intrinsic properties, enhance the range of applications of timber, and to acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers without calling the environmental friendliness into question. Wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges faced in scaling up to industrial applications differ. The aim of this book is to put together the key elements of the changes of wood constituents and the related changes in wood properties of modified wood. Further, a selection of the principal technologies implemented in wood modification are presented. This work is intended for researchers, professionals of timber construction, as well as students studying the science of materials, civil engineering and architecture. This work is not exhaustive, but intends to deliver an outline of the scientific disciplines necessary to apprehend the technologies of wood modification and its behavior during treatment, as well as during its use.
Download or read book Kent and Riegel s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology written by James A. Kent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-08 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This substantially revised and updated classic reference offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The two volume Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in the book’s new chapters.
Download or read book Airborne Sound Transmission Loss Characteristics of Wood frame Construction written by Fred F. Rudder and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Fibers Biopolymers and Biocomposites written by Amar K. Mohanty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-04-08 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural/Biofiber composites are emerging as a viable alternative to glass fiber composites, particularly in automotive, packaging, building, and consumer product industries, and becoming one of the fastest growing additives for thermoplastics. Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites provides a clear understanding of the present state
Download or read book Reactions of Epoxides with Reduced Flavins written by Yong Tae Lee and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Advances in the Processing of Wood Plastic Composites written by Jin Kuk Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a non-recyclable composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes which has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the plastics industry in this decade. It is used in numerous applications, such as, outdoor deck floors, railings, fences, landscaping timbers, park benches, window and door frames. This book starts with a brief glimpse at the basic structures and properties of WPCs. Aspects such as surface treatment, machinery used and testing types of WPCs are also covered. The following chapters of the book give a view of foam technology, flame retardant properties and colour retardant properties of WPCs. The way morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behaviours of the finished materials is discussed. Finally, the authors give an overview of the applications of wood-plastic composites in daily life. The book may serve as a source book for scientists wishing to work in this field.
Download or read book Riegel s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry written by James A. Kent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to present in a single volume an up-to-date account of the chemistry and chemical engineering which underlie the major areas of the chemical process industry. This most recent edition includes several new chapters which comprise important threads in the industry's total fabric. These new chapters cover waste minimization, safety considerations in chemical plant design and operation, emergency response planning, and statistical applications in quality control and experimental planning. Together with the chapters on chemical industry economics and wastewater treatment~ they provide a unifying base on which the reader can most effectively apply the information provided in the chapters which describe the various areas of the chemical process industries. The ninth edition of this established reference work contains the contributions of some fifty experts from industry, government, and academe. I have been humbled by the breadth and depth of their knowledge and expertise and by the willingness and enthusiasm with which they shared their knowledge and insights. They have, without exception, been unstinting in their efforts to make their respective chapters as complete and informative as possible within the space available. Errors of omission, duplication, and shortcomings in organization are mine. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the editors of technical journals and publishing houses for permission to reproduce illustrations and other materials and to the many industrial concerns which contributed drawings and photographs. Comments and criticisms by readers will be welcome.
Download or read book Concise Encyclopedia of the Chemical Properties of Materials written by J. W. Martin and published by . This book was released on 2007-07-09 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concise Encyclopedia of The Chemical Properties of Materials presents a custom collection of articles from the award-winning Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Technology (EMSAT), and includes updates and revisions not available in the original set. The chemical properties discussed in EMSAT which have selected for the present volume include production and refining processes (principally for metallic materials, but also the processes of polymerization), the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase equilibria, electrochemical reactions and gas-solid reactions. An important example of the latter process is oxidation and corrosion, and a majority of the articles included are concerned with the kinetics, themodynamics and mechanisms of corrosion (including stress corrosion) in metallic systems. Included are 114 articles discussing the chemical behaviour of a range of materials, with reference to metals and alloys, and polymers and non-oxide ceramics. Featured articles include chemically modified wood and protection against corrosion. * Each article provides a concise overview of the chosen subject, written by an internationally recognized expert. * The content includes updates and revisions that were previously available only online via ScienceDirect * Extensive bibliographies, cross-references and indexes guide the reader to additional information and further reading in the primary literature
