Download or read book Overview of Mongolia s Water Resources System and Management written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication evaluates water security in Mongolia and provides analyses based from other documents and studies for a multidimensional overview of the country's water resources system and management. It recommends a path forward based on integrated water resources management as well as national and local institutional development, through a targeted investment program. The assessment is adapted from the analytical framework introduced in the Asian Water Development Outlook, a series of reports produced by the Asian Development Bank and the Asia–Pacific Water Forum.

Download or read book Re configuration of Water Resources Management in Mongolia A Critical Geopolitical Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Re configuration of Water Resources Management in Mongolia written by Sisira Saddhamangala Withanachchi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Demand in the Desert written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolia's mining-based economic development and the sustainability of its urban economies depend on both water and energy. The examination of the water energy nexus in two river basins in Mongolia shows that water availability is the binding constraint as energy facilities, mining operations, agriculture, and urban water users compete for scarce water resources. Development of new technologies for efficient water and energy use, introduction of renewable energy options, and water demand management through economic instruments are recommended. However, achieving greater water security requires integration of water resource considerations into energy and mining development decision making, while strengthening the capacity of newly formed river basin organizations.

Download or read book Overview of Mongolia s Water Resources System and Management written by Mingyuan Fan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change threatens grassland ecosystems and herders' livelihoods in Mongolia. Herders depend on pasture and water resources for their livestock, and are thus among the most vulnerable groups to climate change impacts. However, although climate change impacts on grassland ecosystems are measurable, current institutional capacity and financial resources limit implementation of adaptation practices. This publication reviews grassland management and traditional nomadic pastoralism in the local Mongolian context, and identifies potential adaptation strategies and practices, such as rotation and resting of pasture, long-distance migration of animals in fall and/or winter, and reduction of livestock stocking rates.

Download or read book Integrated Water Resources Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Watershed scale Modeling for Water Resource Sustainability in the Tuul River Basin of Mongolia written by Javzansuren Norvanchig and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water scarcity is a prevalent issue all over the world. Growing water abstractions combined with uncertain effects of climate increase competition for scarce water resources worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions. It is crucial to assess and manage available water resources to ensure its sustainability. There is a need for integrated water management at a watershed scale. Watershed models are a useful tool to support sustainable water management and investigate effects of hydrologic responses at various scales under climate change conditions and to simulate effects of the management decisions. This study aims to assess the sustainability of water resources in the Tuul River Basin in Mongolia using SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) model to understand ecohydrological processes in the basin. The model is used to analyze the trends in water usage on a watershed and subwatershed basis. The water supply and demand dynamics at each sub watershed levels are analyzed to develop a sustainability index based on specific criteria of water sustainability. Sustainability index was used for better water management by targeting areas of the watershed. Using the analysis, strategies for water demand management for the Tuul River basin area were developed. I expect the results of the study with transform water resource situation in the region through better information on the dynamics of the system and will help in alleviating water issues in similar regions of the country and of the world. The model can be a useful tool to support decision makers and to simulate and analyze the effects of water management practices.

Download or read book Atlas of the climate and ground water resources in the Mongolian People s Republic written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mongolia written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report looks critically at the water resources and the current and projected future water demands in the Southern Gobi Region (SGR) using the widely dispersed data and information that are currently available. An important conclusion of the report is that almost all the significant sources of groundwater in the SGR are 'fossil' or 'non-renewable', meaning that they are finite resources which cannot be replenished. Not only will that, but pumping water out of these fosil aquifers tend to cause a drop in the groundwater levels above them. The report proposes practical steps by which water resources development and management could be managed to best serve economic and infrastructure development while giving attention to environmental protection and service to communities in the SGR. The report also highlights the urgent need for more data. A more detailed picture of the distribution and quantity of the groundwater would give planners first, a better idea of both the limits to the growth of the SGR; and, second, of the future water demands, its spatial distribution, quality requirements, and the possibilities to increase water use efficiency and water re-use. Thus there is a need to bring all information and data together to form the basis for rational planning.

Download or read book Water Resources Assessment in Cold Regions the Upper Tuul River Basin Mongolia written by Enkhbayar Dandar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater withdrawals are growing in most developing countries, including Mongolia, where freshwater resources are limited and unevenly distributed, and most surface waters are frozen during winter. Groundwater represents some 80% of the water supply in the country. Computation of recharge is important, but is complicated in cold regions, because of phase change and permafrost, which is found on 63 percent of the country, and causes conventional physically-based land surface models to be inaccurate. We have developed a two-compartment water and energy balance model that accounts for freezing and melting and includes vapor diffusion as a water and energy transfer mechanism. It also accounts for the effect of slope orientation on radiation, which may be important for mountain areas. We applied this model to the Upper Tuul River Basin to evaluate recharge under different soil and vegetation types. The basin is divided into 12 zones (models) based on elevation ranges, orientation and slope. Due to the limited number of observation data in this area, precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity were corrected as a function of elevation by means of lapse rates. Results show that recharge is relatively high and delayed with respect to snowmelt during spring, because it is mainly associated to thawing at depth, which may occur much later. Most importantly, we find that vapor diffusion plays an important quantitative role in the energy balance and a relevant qualitative role in the water balance. Except for a few large precipitation events, most of the continuous recharge is driven by vapor diffusion fluxes. Large vapor fluxes occur during spring and early summer, when surface temperatures are moderate, but the subsoil remains cold, creating large downwards vapor pressure gradients. Temperature gradients reverse in fall and early winter, but the vapor diffusion fluxes do not, because of the exponential shape of the saturated vapor pressure as a function of temperature giving smaller vapor pressure differences at lower temperature. The computed sensible heat flux is higher than the latent heat flux, which reflects the dry climate of the region. The downward latent heat flux associated to vapor diffusion is largely compensated by an upward heat conduction, which is much larger than in temperate regions. The alluvial aquifer around Ulaanbaatar supplies water to the city and is under pressure because of the growing water demand. To address this concern, we built a numerical model, which is challenging, not only because of the lack of data, but also because the river freezes during winter. River flow under the ice is sustained by groundwater, which provides the energy to prevent full freezing of the whole river thickness, but which may not occur where groundwater levels are depleted by pumping. At present, the river still flows under the ice during winter at both ends of the Ulaanbaatar alluvial aquifer. The downstream end, to the West, receives aquifer discharge, whereas the river is fed by discharge from adjacent alluvial aquifers upstream of the east end. But, in the central portion, the river is fully frozen. In fact, the river bed in this portion becomes dry in April most years, probably because of sublimation and because melted water immediately infiltrates into the aquifer. If groundwater pumping increases, either at the Ulaanbaatar alluvial aquifer or at the alluvial aquifer near Gachuurt village, it is likely that the currently winter flowing portion of the river will also dry or, rather, become fully frozen during winter. This will not be a major problem from a quantitative point of view because aquifer storage is sufficient to support winter pumping, even if pumping is increased. However, it may have other environmental and cultural implications. Therefore, further study is needed to monitor at both the upper and downstream stream parts of the aquifer.

Download or read book Forums Fees and Data Flows written by Mirja Schoderer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Briefing Paper presents one of six analyses of cross-sectoral coordination challenges that were conducted as part of the STEER research project and on which separate Briefing Papers are available. The extraction of minerals and metals comes with a large water footprint, both in terms of water needed for extraction itself and in terms of wastewater discharge and the potential pollution of water resources. Thus, coordination between the mining and water sectors is key. A number of instruments to that end have been devised, which aim to mitigate the negative impacts of mining on water resources and on water-resource dependent communities. Among these are environmental impact assessments (EIAs), stakeholder involvement within these processes and within river basin management, and payment schemes that incentivise wastewater treatment at the mine. Whether and how these instruments are implemented depends on the national, provincial and local context, since each instrument involves a number of preconditions. Assessing the effectiveness of these instruments thus requires a sound analysis of the governance system within which they operate. In this Briefing Paper, we focus on Mongolia as an example case study and look at stakeholder involvement and incentivising wastewater treatment as two key strategies to increase coordination. We assess how these strategies are translated into policies and how they are implemented on the ground in two adjacent river basins. In doing so, we pay particular attention to the human and financial capacities of lower-level administrative entities, as well as to the availability of water-related information, as essential prerequisites for effective natural resource governance. We find that the Mongolian governance system stipulates the implementation of stakeholder involvement through multiple processes, most importantly through River Basin Multi-Stakeholder Platforms (RB-MSPs) and community consultation within the EIA procedure. In practice, however, the RB-MSP in the study area has yet to diversify its membership from mostly lower-level administrative staff, and community consultations rarely take place. In terms of incentivising wastewater treatment, Mongolia passed amendments to its Water Pollution Fee Law in summer 2019 and is now working on implementation guidelines. Challenges here relate to the collection of data for a baseline on water quality and to guarantees for adequate sampling and analysis. This is tied to the limited human and financial capacity of lower-level administrative entities, which struggle to access or evaluate relevant data. We recommend that: • the diversity of stakeholders in RB-MSPs is increased to better include the private sector and civil society, with sensitivity to differences in socioeconomic standing to ensure equitable access to and deliberation within the platform; • the enacting of public consultations as part of EIAs is ensured and governmental procedures (i.e. mining licensing and approval of EIAs) are made more transparent and accountable; • public availability of water data is increased; • the Water Pollution Fee Law is implemented swiftly to provide incentives for the treatment of mining wastewater before discharge; • funding and institutional capacity development for lower-level administrative bodies are increased and funding for RB-MSPs is provided to enable them to fulfill their mandates.

Download or read book Modelling Land use and Land cover Change and Related Environmental Impacts in Northern Mongolia written by Christian Schweitzer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Northern Mongolia, significant land-use and land-cover changes have taken place in the last decades affecting the ecosystems and their functions. Together with climate change, decreasing water availability and the rapid increase in water demand, integrated approaches are required to evaluate the impacts on humans and the environment. The aim of this thesis was the development and application of a regional model of the land system that is capable of simulating historical, current and future land-use and land-cover changes. Within three case studies (agricultural intensification, impacts of forest and steppe wildfires, environmental scenarios) important aspects of land-use change impacts are simulated and discussed. The thesis contributes to develop management measures for an integrated water resources management on river-basin scale.

Download or read book Water and Environment in the Selenga Baikal Basin written by Daniel Karthe and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The water resources of the Selenga River/Lake Baikal system are essential to the ecosystems and economic development of the surrounding region. In this large river and lake basin, there are strong contrasts between relatively pristine areas and massive anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The effects of climate change are more pronounced than in most other parts of the earth, and the transition from socialism into a market-oriented economy has led to a boom in mining but also to a partial collapse of environmental monitoring and urban wastewater management systems. Moreover, the expansion of agriculture and mining has triggered considerable land use change, rising water consumption, and the release of contaminants that had previously been unknown to the region. The consequences for the water resources and the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems depending on them have become increasingly visible in recent years. This book, which is based on contributions to the 2014 Bringing Together Selenga-Baikal Research Conference, provides multidisciplinary insight into current water-related challenges and strategies for their solution from the viewpoint of the international scientific community.

Download or read book Transformations of traditional landuse systems and their effects on development opportunities and people s livelihoods in Northern Ghana written by Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2015 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural land in Northern Ghana was under the traditional arrangements till recent times. Small-scale farmers and their families could collect water, firewood, fodder and seasonal fruits or carried out hunting on communal lands, owned by local chiefs and fetish priests, under the provisions made by customary laws. Recent developments in this area include up-scaling of the mining industry, large scale commercial agriculture projects and cultivation of biofuel crops. All these development schemes are affecting access to natural resources by the local people as they affect water, land and even vegetation in the project areas. This paper discusses some recent projects in Northern Ghana and their positive and negative effects as well as impacts on the local population and their livelihood. Role of government as well as civil society in these transformations is also considered.

Download or read book Documentation Report Syrian Refugees in the Turkish Labour Market written by Tolga Tören and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to document and evaluate the outcomes of the regional workshop on “Syrian Refugees and Integration of Syrians” held in İstanbul in February 2017. The workshop was organized by the Global Labour University (GLU) Alumni Network in Turkey in collaboration with International Centre for Development and Decent Work (ICDD), the University of Kassel, German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), International Labour Organization (ILO), Global Labour University (GLU), Boğaziçi University Centre for Educational Policy Studies (BEPAM) and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) Turkey Office, with particular focus on the composition and narratives of the Syrian refugees through the “fishbowl session”. The report finds that Syrian refugees have a very difficult life in Turkey in terms of working conditions, living conditions, discrimination, bureaucracy, lack of enough regulation, child education, language barriers etc. One of the most important concerns for Syrian refugees is child labour. Owing to unemployment of Syrian adults, most parents are forced to send their kids to work. With ineffective state control on employment and labour market, employers prefer to recruit children who are paid low wages, thereby enabling them to make higher profits. The other problems Syrian refugees face in the labour markets are low wages, long working hours, employment without social insurance, late payment or non-payment of the wages, discrimination at the workplace, etc. Regarding accommodation, majority of the Syrian refugees live in a populous household, paying higher rents for lower quality houses in comparison with domestic people. In addition, the situation of Syrian refugees in Turkey has a strong gender dimension. The Syrian females work as precarious workers at the workplace. They are the most affected and vulnerable workers. In addition, Syrian female refugees also take the responsibility of the education of the children who face different types of discrimination at school, with which again Syrian female refugees have to struggle. These problems have created barriers for Syrian refugees in exercising their rights at the workplace and in taking services from public institutions including healthcare and education. Besides, as findings show, the Syrian refugees are placed in the lowest strata of the labour markets of Turkey.

Download or read book Care Extractivism and the Reconfi guration of Social Reproduction in Post Fordist Economies written by Christa Wichterich and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper suggests the concept of care extractivism as a space- and time-diagnostic tool to international political economics in post-fordist societies. Analogous to resource extractivism, care extractivism depicts the intensified commodification of social reproduction and care work along social hierarchies of gender, class, race and North-South as a strategy to cope with a crisis of social reproduction. Extractivist policies result in the creation of a cheap reproductive labour force. The paper analyses the current national and transnational reconfiguration of social and biological reproduction in Germany / Western Europe interacting with Eastern Europe and Asia. Currently, the most striking features of care extractivism are a) professionalisation for efficiency increase, b) transnationalisation based on import of care workers, and c) transnationalisation of biological reproduction based on reproductive technologies. The contradiction between the rationale of care and the neoliberal capitalist market logic results in frequent care struggles such as the protests of hospital nurses against the depletion of care resources. The politisation of care by the protesting care workers asks for giving preference to the care economy as a common good over care as a commodity.