Download or read book Rapport d information sur la Contribution de la commission des affaires trang res au d bat sur l avenir de l Union europ enne written by Élisabeth Guigou and published by Assemblée nationale. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sans nul doute, l’Union européenne traverse la plus grave crise de son histoire. La question de l’Europe puissance stratégique, de sa crédibilité à exercer un rôle d’envergure dans le monde multipolaire de demain, demeure ouverte. Mais surtout, ce qui semblait jusqu’alors acquis, à savoir une Europe puissance-douce, promouvant la force de la norme et non pas la norme de la force, porteuse d’un modèle juridique, social et environnemental, fondée sur la réconciliation des peuples et visant la prospérité partagée, cette idée de l’Europe a été fortement atteinte par la crise financière, économique et sociale qui l’a percutée à partir de 2008. L’Europe a vacillé jusqu’au cœur même de sa manifestation la plus politique : l’euro. Les responsables politiques et économiques convaincus d’un destin européen commun ont été au rendez-vous pour restaurer la crédibilité externe de l’Union européenne. Malgré l’impression de tâtonnement – comment aurait-il pu en être autrement ? – la construction européenne a considérablement avancé en quelques années. Les failles profondes révélées par la crise ont été ou sont en passe d’être comblées. L’Union monétaire a été consolidée, le pilier économique, jusqu’alors atrophié, commence à être renforcé. Sous l’impulsion du Président de la République, la nécessité et l’urgence de stimuler la croissance est maintenant un objectif partagé. Il reste encore beaucoup à faire pour l’harmonisation sociale et fiscale mais et chaque pays de la zone euro et au-delà s’est engagé à agir dans un mouvement coordonné, selon des règles parfois uniques, souvent dans la douleur compte tenu des sacrifices à accomplir. Mais dans ce temps de l’action, les citoyens ont été en partie laissés sur le bord du chemin, non par choix mais par nécessité de répondre à l’urgence, alors même qu’ils ont subi la crise et les plans de redressement de plein fouet. Et l’urgence a changé de bord : il s’agit désormais de répondre à l’urgence sociale et politique, réponse qui conditionne l’adhésion des peuples au projet européen et donc sa légitimité. Nombre de nos concitoyens ont perdu confiance en l’avenir et en la capacité des responsables politiques et de l’Europe à faire de leurs préoccupations la priorité, de leur bien-être l’horizon de l’action. Tel est l’enjeu central pour les équipes qui sortiront des urnes européennes le 25 mai. La Commission des Affaires étrangères de l’Assemblée nationale s’est étroitement associée aux décisions et aux réflexions sur l’avenir de l’Union européenne. Elle est compétente au fond s’agissant des traités européens, qu’ils soient communautaires ou intergouvernementaux comme le mécanisme européen de stabilité, le traité sur la coordination et la gouvernance (TSCG ou traité budgétaire) ou le futur accord sur le fonds de résolution unique bancaire. Elle est également compétente pour suivre et contrôler l’action du Gouvernement en matière de politique étrangère, la politique européenne en étant une composante. Mais au-delà de ces considérations juridiques, l’accélération de l’intégration européenne sous l’effet de la crise a posé avec une acuité accrue la question du rôle des parlements et du contrôle démocratique de l’Union européenne, question dont la Commission a souhaité pleinement se saisir. La construction européenne est un objet politique original dont le caractère démocratique procède d’une double légitimité : celle du Parlement européen, dont le rôle au sein de l’ordre décisionnel européen doit continuer à s’accentuer, et celle des parlements nationaux, qui doivent dès lors plus et mieux contrôler l’action de leur gouvernement en matière européenne. Il ne saurait y avoir de transferts de compétences, d’accroissement des contraintes sur le budget, le cœur de la souveraineté, qu’à cette condition. Pour appréhender de manière exhaustive les insuffisances de la gouvernance européenne actuelle à chacun de ces deux niveaux de légitimité et envisager les moyens d’y pallier, des laboratoires d’idées (think tanks) ont été sollicités. Ils ont produit et présenté des contributions, en s’attachant à identifier aussi les marges de progression qui existent à traités constants, compte tenu de la fatigue institutionnelle observée en Europe et en France en particulier. En regroupant ces travaux et les échanges qui ont eu cours au sein de la Commission, le présent rapport entend mettre à disposition de tous ceux qui s’intéressent à l’Europe des analyses éclairantes et des propositions pour avancer sur la voie d’une Europe différenciée, efficace et démocratique. Il ressort nettement de l’ensemble de ces réflexions que la légitimité de l’action européenne et sa popularité au sens noble nécessitent de mettre un terme à l’opacité et à une technicité débordante. D’une part, dès le début de la mise en place des nouvelles équipes, il faudra clarifier et rendre efficace le mécano institutionnel et l’articulation entre les niveaux de responsabilité, excessivement complexifiés ces dernières années. D’autre part, ces équipes devront démontrer leur compétence en se concentrant sur l’essentiel, dans l’intérêt général européen, et dans un esprit de collégialité qui a parfois fait défaut. Les propositions soumises se rejoignent souvent, se complètent certainement. Lisible et visible, l’Europe sera plus accessible, son rôle plus concret aux yeux des citoyens qu’elle sert et elle apparaîtra comme ce qu’elle est depuis toujours : un projet politique. Les parlementaires nationaux devront prendre toute leur part dans ce processus de relégitimation de l’Union européenne, comme relais, vigie et moteur, en assumant leur responsabilité à l’égard du gouvernement et en prenant bonne place dans le débat public. Les enjeux nationaux, européens et internationaux, dont le traitement s’opère pour partie à Bruxelles et Strasbourg, sont nombreux, à commencer par la refonte et la préservation d’un modèle social européen, la construction d’une politique européenne de l’énergie et l’affirmation du pôle européen sur la scène internationale. La gouvernance européenne qui fait l’objet des propositions contenues et débattues dans ce rapport, n’est pas une fin en soi, mais bien l’instrument d’une ambition à remettre au goût du jour.

Download or read book Rapport d information sur l avenir de l Union europ enne written by Danielle Auroi and published by Assemblée nationale. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Il ressort de ce rapport, précédés par un cycle d'auditions, une priorité qui a mis d’accord tous les intervenants : l’urgence de renouer avec un récit européen. Le premier objectif doit être de réaffirmer les valeurs de l’Union : la paix, la démocratie, le respect des droits fondamentaux. En deuxième lieu, la priorité doit être de réaffirmer la vocation protectrice de l’Union. L’heure est aussi au renforcement de la sécurité intérieure de l’Union, qui doit être unie face à la lutte contre le terrorisme.L’Europe qui protège, c’est aussi l’Europe sociale et l’Europe de l’environnement. Le débat sur « l’intégration différenciée » a également été évoqué.Le format le plus évident de cette intégration différenciée est évidemment la zone euro. Le dialogue franco-allemand sur cette question doit être poursuivi. Enfin, la réflexion sur l’avenir de l’Union ne peut faire l’impasse sur la réforme des institutions.L’Union doit puiser ses forces dans une démocratie parlementaire renforcée, et dans une Commission européenne rénovée.

Download or read book Fran ais Interactif written by Karen Kelton and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook includes all 13 chapters of Français interactif. It accompanies www.laits.utexas.edu/fi, the web-based French program developed and in use at the University of Texas since 2004, and its companion site, Tex's French Grammar (2000) www.laits.utexas.edu/tex/ Français interactif is an open acess site, a free and open multimedia resources, which requires neither password nor fees. Français interactif has been funded and created by Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services at the University of Texas, and is currently supported by COERLL, the Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning UT-Austin, and the U.S. Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE Grant P116B070251) as an example of the open access initiative.

Download or read book Collection of Essays by Legal Advisers of States Legal Advisers of International Organizations and Practitioners in the Field of International Law written by United Nations. Office of Legal Affairs and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world has changed radically since 1989, when the General Assembly declared the period from 1990 to 1999 as the United Nations Decade of International Law. During that time, the international community claimed some major achievements as reflected by the adoption of conventions and treaties. This publication presents a collection of essays from legal advisers of States and international organizations, all of whom are among those committed to promoting respect for international law. Their contribution provides a practical perspective on international law, viewed from the standpoint of those involved in its formation, application and administration.

Download or read book The International Monetary Crisis written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Sources of Flavourings written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Strategies for Sustainable Financing of Secondary Education in Sub Saharan Africa written by Keith M. Lewin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-02-27 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment in secondary schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa has been neglected since the World Conference on Education for All at Jomtien. The World Education Forum at Dakar began to recognize the growing importance of post-primary schooling for development. Only 25 percent of school-age children attend secondary school in the region--and fewer complete successfully, having consequences for gender equity, poverty reduction, and economic growth. As universal primary schooling becomes a reality, demand for secondary schools is increasing rapidly. Gaps between the educational levels of the labor force in Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions remain large. Girls are more often excluded from secondary schools than boys. Secondary schooling costs are high to both governments and households. This study explores how access to secondary education can be increased. Radical reforms are needed in low-enrollment countries to make secondary schooling more affordable and to provide more access to the majority currently excluded. The report identifies the rationale for increasing access, reviews the status of secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa, charts the growth needed in different countries to reach different levels of participation, identifies the financial constraints on growth, and discusses the reforms needed to make access affordable. It concludes with a road map of ways to increase the probability that more of Africa's children will experience secondary schooling.

Download or read book The individual application under the European Convention on Human Rights written by Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable practical guide for any potential applicant and any legal professional This book, which is a practical guide aimed at both professional lawyers and potential applicants, clearly and comprehensively describes and analyses the main stages in the processing of an application before the organs of the European Convention on Human Rights. Detailed descriptions are provided of the Convention system, the Rules of the European Court of Human Rights and the procedures which the Court has developed to expedite and optimise case processing. Crafted by two specialists on the Convention, Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos, the current President of the European Court of Human Rights, and Maria-Andriani Kostopoulou, a lawyer at the Greek Court of Cassation, the book does not merely explain how to prepare and lodge an application, in particular as regards the formal requirements and admissibility criteria; it also presents a detailed assessment of a case by the various formations of the Court, covering all stages right through to the conclusion of proceedings. Finally, having analysed the judicial stage, the book goes on to describe the procedure for supervision of the execution of judgments before the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe.

Download or read book The Violence of Modernity written by Debarati Sanyal and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Violence of Modernity turns to Charles Baudelaire, one of the most canonical figures of literary modernism, in order to reclaim an aesthetic legacy for ethical inquiry and historical critique. Works of modern literature are commonly theorized as symptomatic responses to the trauma of history. In a climate that tends to privilege crisis over critique, Debarati Sanyal argues that it is urgent to rethink literary experience in terms that recall its contestatory potential. Examining Baudelaire's poems afresh, she shifts the focus of critical attention toward an account of modernism as an active engagement with violence, specifically the violence of history in nineteenth-century France. Sanyal analyzes a literary current that uses the traditional hallmarks of modernism—irony, intertextuality, self-reflexivity, and formalism—to challenge the historical violence of modernity. Baudelaire and the committed ironists writing in his wake teach us how to read and resist the violence of history, and thereby to challenge the melancholy tenor of our contemporary "wound culture." In a series of provocative readings, Sanyal presents Baudelaire's poetry as an aesthetic form that contests historical violence through rhetorical strategies of complicity, counterviolence, and critique. The book develops a new account of Baudelaire's significance as a modernist by dislodging him both from his traditional status as a practitioner of "art for art's sake" and from his more recent incarnation as the poet of trauma. Following her extended analysis of Baudelaire's poetry, Sanyal in later chapters considers a number of authors influenced by his strategies—including Rachilde, Virginie Despentes, Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre—to examine the relevance of their interventions for our current climate of trauma and terror. The result is a study that underscores how Baudelaire's legacy continues to energize literary engagements with the violence of modernity.

Download or read book New Strategies in Locust Control written by S. Krall and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late eighties large-scale control operations were carried out to control a major desert locust upsurge in Africa. For the first time since the banning of organochlorine pesticides these operations relied mainly on non-persistent pesticides such as organophosphates and pyrethroids. The amount of pesticides sprayed and the area covered were probably the highest in the history of locust control and raised criticism with respect to efficacy, economic viability and environmental impact. As a consequence, applied research into the problem was intensified, both at the national and the international level, with the goal of finding new and environmentally sound approaches and solutions to locust and grasshopper control. Emphasis was laid on developing new control agents and techniques.

Download or read book Historical Seismology written by Julien Fréchet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern seismology has faced new challenges in the study of earthquakes and their physical characteristics. This volume is dedicated to the use of new approaches and presents a state-of-the-art in historical seismology. Selected historical and recent earthquakes are chosen to document and constrain related seismic parameters using updated methodologies in the macroseismic analysis, field observations of damage distribution and tectonic effects, and modelling of seismic waveforms.

Download or read book Studies in the Iconography of Northwest Semitic Inscribed Seals written by Benjamin Sass and published by Saint-Paul. This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book European Cohesion Policy written by Willem Molle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only comprehensive text available for advanced study and professional reference, this book brings much needed clarity to both the theoretical and practical aspects of EU intervention. Integrating both theoretical and practical research in a clear and accessible structure, covering economic, social and territorial issues European Cohesion Policy provides a systematic view of the various stages of the whole policy cycle, looking in detail at: the evolution of the problems the design of the policy system the implementation in practice the evaluation of effects . An authoritative analysis of the problems and debates involved, European Cohesion Policy is essential reading for students, policy makers, development workers and researchers working in all aspects of European policy.

Download or read book Invention of Hysteria written by Georges Didi-Huberman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first English-language publication of a classic French book on the relationship between the development of photography and of the medical category of hysteria. In this classic of French cultural studies, Georges Didi-Huberman traces the intimate and reciprocal relationship between the disciplines of psychiatry and photography in the late nineteenth century. Focusing on the immense photographic output of the Salpetriere hospital, the notorious Parisian asylum for insane and incurable women, Didi-Huberman shows the crucial role played by photography in the invention of the category of hysteria. Under the direction of the medical teacher and clinician Jean-Martin Charcot, the inmates of Salpetriere identified as hysterics were methodically photographed, providing skeptical colleagues with visual proof of hysteria's specific form. These images, many of which appear in this book, provided the materials for the multivolume album Iconographie photographique de la Salpetriere. As Didi-Huberman shows, these photographs were far from simply objective documentation. The subjects were required to portray their hysterical "type"—they performed their own hysteria. Bribed by the special status they enjoyed in the purgatory of experimentation and threatened with transfer back to the inferno of the incurables, the women patiently posed for the photographs and submitted to presentations of hysterical attacks before the crowds that gathered for Charcot's "Tuesday Lectures." Charcot did not stop at voyeuristic observation. Through techniques such as hypnosis, electroshock therapy, and genital manipulation, he instigated the hysterical symptoms in his patients, eventually giving rise to hatred and resistance on their part. Didi-Huberman follows this path from complicity to antipathy in one of Charcot's favorite "cases," that of Augustine, whose image crops up again and again in the Iconographie. Augustine's virtuosic performance of hysteria ultimately became one of self-sacrifice, seen in pictures of ecstasy, crucifixion, and silent cries.

Download or read book The Pasteurization of France written by Bruno Latour and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1993-10-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can one man accomplish, even a great man and brilliant scientist? Although every town in France has a street named for Louis Pasteur, was he alone able to stop people from spitting, persuade them to dig drains, influence them to undergo vaccination? Pasteur’s success depended upon a whole network of forces, including the public hygiene movement, the medical profession (both military physicians and private practitioners), and colonial interests. It is the operation of these forces, in combination with the talent of Pasteur, that Bruno Latour sets before us as a prime example of science in action. Latour argues that the triumph of the biologist and his methodology must be understood within the particular historical convergence of competing social forces and conflicting interests. Yet Pasteur was not the only scientist working on the relationships of microbes and disease. How was he able to galvanize the other forces to support his own research? Latour shows Pasteur’s efforts to win over the French public—the farmers, industrialists, politicians, and much of the scientific establishment. Instead of reducing science to a given social environment, Latour tries to show the simultaneous building of a society and its scientific facts. The first section of the book, which retells the story of Pasteur, is a vivid description of an approach to science whose theoretical implications go far beyond a particular case study. In the second part of the book, “Irreductions,” Latour sets out his notion of the dynamics of conflict and interaction, of the “relation of forces.” Latour’s method of analysis cuts across and through the boundaries of the established disciplines of sociology, history, and the philosophy of science, to reveal how it is possible not to make the distinction between reason and force. Instead of leading to sociological reductionism, this method leads to an unexpected irreductionism.

Download or read book Socialism of Fools written by Michele Battini and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Socialism of Fools, Michele Battini focuses on the critical moment during the Enlightenment in which anti-Jewish stereotypes morphed into a sophisticated, modern social anti-Semitism. He recovers the potent anti-Jewish, anticapitalist propaganda that cemented the idea of a Jewish conspiracy in the European mind and connects it to the atrocities that characterized the Jewish experience in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Beginning in the eighteenth century, counter-Enlightenment intellectuals and intransigent Catholic writers singled out Jews for conspiring to exploit self-sustaining markets and the liberal state. These ideas spread among socialist and labor movements in the nineteenth century and intensified during the Long Depression of the 1870s. Anti-Jewish anticapitalism then migrated to the Habsburg Empire with the Christian Social Party; to Germany with the Anti-Semitic Leagues; to France with the nationalist movements; and to Italy, where Revolutionary Syndicalists made anti-Jewish anticapitalism the basis of an alliance with the nationalists. Exemplified best in the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the infamous document that "leaked" Jewish plans to conquer the world, the Jewish-conspiracy myth inverts reality and creates a perverse relationship to historical and judicial truth. Isolating the intellectual roots of this phenomenon and its contemporary resonances, Battini shows us why, so many decades after the Holocaust, Jewish people continue to be a powerful political target.

Download or read book The Sounds of Early Cinema written by Richard Abel and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2001-10-03 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sounds of Early Cinema is devoted exclusively to a little-known, yet absolutely crucial phenomenon: the ubiquitous presence of sound in early cinema. "Silent cinema" may rarely have been silent, but the sheer diversity of sound(s) and sound/image relations characterizing the first 20 years of moving picture exhibition can still astonish us. Whether instrumental, vocal, or mechanical, sound ranged from the improvised to the pre-arranged (as in scripts, scores, and cue sheets). The practice of mixing sounds with images differed widely, depending on the venue (the nickelodeon in Chicago versus the summer Chautauqua in rural Iowa, the music hall in London or Paris versus the newest palace cinema in New York City) as well as on the historical moment (a single venue might change radically, and many times, from 1906 to 1910). Contributors include Richard Abel, Rick Altman, Edouard Arnoldy, Mats Björkin, Stephen Bottomore, Marta Braun, Jean Châteauvert, Ian Christie, Richard Crangle, Helen Day-Mayer, John Fullerton, Jane Gaines, André Gaudreault, Tom Gunning, François Jost, Charlie Keil, Jeff Klenotic, Germain Lacasse, Neil Lerner, Patrick Loughney, David Mayer, Domi-nique Nasta, Bernard Perron, Jacques Polet, Lauren Rabinovitz, Isabelle Raynauld, Herbert Reynolds, Gregory A. Waller, and Rashit M. Yangirov.