Download or read book Algorithmic Randomness and Complexity written by Rodney G. Downey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 883 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computability and complexity theory are two central areas of research in theoretical computer science. This book provides a systematic, technical development of "algorithmic randomness" and complexity for scientists from diverse fields.
Download or read book Randomness and Complexity written by Cristian Calude and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a collection of papers written by a selection of eminent authors from around the world in honour of Gregory Chaitin's 60th birthday. This is a unique volume including technical contributions, philosophical papers and essays.
Download or read book Kolmogorov Complexity and Algorithmic Randomness written by A. Shen and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking at a sequence of zeros and ones, we often feel that it is not random, that is, it is not plausible as an outcome of fair coin tossing. Why? The answer is provided by algorithmic information theory: because the sequence is compressible, that is, it has small complexity or, equivalently, can be produced by a short program. This idea, going back to Solomonoff, Kolmogorov, Chaitin, Levin, and others, is now the starting point of algorithmic information theory. The first part of this book is a textbook-style exposition of the basic notions of complexity and randomness; the second part covers some recent work done by participants of the “Kolmogorov seminar” in Moscow (started by Kolmogorov himself in the 1980s) and their colleagues. This book contains numerous exercises (embedded in the text) that will help readers to grasp the material.
Download or read book An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications written by Ming Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Briefly, we review the basic elements of computability theory and prob ability theory that are required. Finally, in order to place the subject in the appropriate historical and conceptual context we trace the main roots of Kolmogorov complexity. This way the stage is set for Chapters 2 and 3, where we introduce the notion of optimal effective descriptions of objects. The length of such a description (or the number of bits of information in it) is its Kolmogorov complexity. We treat all aspects of the elementary mathematical theory of Kolmogorov complexity. This body of knowledge may be called algo rithmic complexity theory. The theory of Martin-Lof tests for random ness of finite objects and infinite sequences is inextricably intertwined with the theory of Kolmogorov complexity and is completely treated. We also investigate the statistical properties of finite strings with high Kolmogorov complexity. Both of these topics are eminently useful in the applications part of the book. We also investigate the recursion theoretic properties of Kolmogorov complexity (relations with Godel's incompleteness result), and the Kolmogorov complexity version of infor mation theory, which we may call "algorithmic information theory" or "absolute information theory. " The treatment of algorithmic probability theory in Chapter 4 presup poses Sections 1. 6, 1. 11. 2, and Chapter 3 (at least Sections 3. 1 through 3. 4).
Download or read book Complexity and Randomness in Group Theory written by Frédérique Bassino and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows new directions in group theory motivated by computer science. It reflects the transition from geometric group theory to group theory of the 21st century that has strong connections to computer science. Now that geometric group theory is drifting further and further away from group theory to geometry, it is natural to look for new tools and new directions in group theory which are present.
Download or read book Information and Randomness written by Cristian Calude and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Algorithmic information theory (AIT) is the result of putting Shannon's information theory and Turing's computability theory into a cocktail shaker and shaking vigorously", says G.J. Chaitin, one of the fathers of this theory of complexity and randomness, which is also known as Kolmogorov complexity. It is relevant for logic (new light is shed on Gödel's incompleteness results), physics (chaotic motion), biology (how likely is life to appear and evolve?), and metaphysics (how ordered is the universe?). This book, benefiting from the author's research and teaching experience in Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT), should help to make the detailed mathematical techniques of AIT accessible to a much wider audience.
Download or read book Bigger Than Chaos written by Michael Strevens and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Strevens shows how simplicity can co-exist with the tangled interconnections within complex systems. By looking at the foundations of statistical reasoning about complex systems (gases, ecosystems and even social systems) he provides an understanding of how simplicity emerges from complexity.
Download or read book Introductory Statistics and Random Phenomena written by Manfred Denker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-11-01 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrates traditional statistical data analysis with new computational experimentation capabilities and concepts of algorithmic complexity and chaotic behavior in nonlinear dynamic systems, offering tools for the study of random phenomena occurring in engineering and the natural, life, and social sciences. Each chapter presents experiments, exercises, and projects using the Mathematica Uncertain Virtual Worlds software packages. Large and original real-life data sets are introduced and analyzed as a model for independent study. Includes brief tutorials on using Mathematica programs. Intended as a text for an introductory level statistics course. Prerequisites include calculus and basic computer programming. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Computational Complexity written by Sanjeev Arora and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and classical results in computational complexity, including interactive proofs, PCP, derandomization, and quantum computation. Ideal for graduate students.
Download or read book The Discrepancy Method written by Bernard Chazelle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discrepancy method is the glue that binds randomness and complexity. It is the bridge between randomized computation and discrepancy theory, the area of mathematics concerned with irregularities in distributions. The discrepancy method has played a major role in complexity theory; in particular, it has caused a mini-revolution of sorts in computational geometry. This book tells the story of the discrepancy method in a few short independent vignettes. It is a varied tale which includes such topics as communication complexity, pseudo-randomness, rapidly mixing Markov chains, points on the sphere and modular forms, derandomization, convex hulls, Voronoi diagrams, linear programming and extensions, geometric sampling, VC-dimension theory, minimum spanning trees, linear circuit complexity, and multidimensional searching. The mathematical treatment is thorough and self-contained. In particular, background material in discrepancy theory is supplied as needed. Thus the book should appeal to students and researchers in computer science, operations research, pure and applied mathematics, and engineering.
Download or read book Information And Complexity written by Mark Burgin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a collection of papers of experts in the fields of information and complexity. Information is a basic structure of the world, while complexity is a fundamental property of systems and processes. There are intrinsic relations between information and complexity.The research in information theory, the theory of complexity and their interrelations is very active. The book will expand knowledge on information, complexity and their relations representing the most recent and advanced studies and achievements in this area.The goal of the book is to present the topic from different perspectives — mathematical, informational, philosophical, methodological, etc.
Download or read book Pseudorandomness written by Salil P. Vadhan and published by Foundations and Trends(r) in T. This book was released on 2012 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of pseudorandomness, the theory of efficiently generating objects that look random despite being constructed using little or no randomness. This theory has significance for areas in computer science and mathematics, including computational complexity, algorithms, cryptography, combinatorics, communications, and additive number theory.
Download or read book The Complexity Theory Companion written by Lane Hemaspaandra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an accessible, algorithmically oriented guide to some of the most interesting techniques of complexity theory. The book shows that simple algorithms are at the heart of complexity theory. The book is organized by technique rather than by topic. Each chapter focuses on one technique: what it is, and what results and applications it yields.
Download or read book Diversity and Complexity written by Scott E. Page and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to the role of diversity in complex adaptive systems. A complex system--such as an economy or a tropical ecosystem--consists of interacting adaptive entities that produce dynamic patterns and structures. Diversity plays a different role in a complex system than it does in an equilibrium system, where it often merely produces variation around the mean for performance measures. In complex adaptive systems, diversity makes fundamental contributions to system performance. Scott Page gives a concise primer on how diversity happens, how it is maintained, and how it affects complex systems. He explains how diversity underpins system level robustness, allowing for multiple responses to external shocks and internal adaptations; how it provides the seeds for large events by creating outliers that fuel tipping points; and how it drives novelty and innovation. Page looks at the different kinds of diversity--variations within and across types, and distinct community compositions and interaction structures--and covers the evolution of diversity within complex systems and the factors that determine the amount of maintained diversity within a system. Provides a concise and accessible introduction Shows how diversity underpins robustness and fuels tipping points Covers all types of diversity The essential primer on diversity in complex adaptive systems
Download or read book Fooled by Randomness written by Nassim Nicholas Taleb and published by Random House. This book was released on 2008-10-14 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fooled by Randomness is a standalone book in Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s landmark Incerto series, an investigation of opacity, luck, uncertainty, probability, human error, risk, and decision-making in a world we don’t understand. The other books in the series are The Black Swan, Antifragile, Skin in the Game, and The Bed of Procrustes. Fooled by Randomness is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think about business and the world. Nassim Nicholas Taleb–veteran trader, renowned risk expert, polymathic scholar, erudite raconteur, and New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan–has written a modern classic that turns on its head what we believe about luck and skill. This book is about luck–or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrop of the most conspicuous forum in which luck is mistaken for skill–the world of trading–Fooled by Randomness provides captivating insight into one of the least understood factors in all our lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives. The book is populated with an array of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl Popper; the ancient world’s wisest man, Solon; the modern financier George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own superstitious foolishness. However, the most recognizable character of all remains unnamed–the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time–he embodies the “survival of the least fit.” Such individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their guru’s insights and methods. But no one can replicate what is obtained by chance. Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan from the genuine visionary? Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events? It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the vagaries of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared. Named by Fortune One of the Smartest Books of All Time A Financial Times Best Business Book of the Year
Download or read book Information and Complexity in Statistical Modeling written by Jorma Rissanen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-15 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No statistical model is "true" or "false," "right" or "wrong"; the models just have varying performance, which can be assessed. The main theme in this book is to teach modeling based on the principle that the objective is to extract the information from data that can be learned with suggested classes of probability models. The intuitive and fundamental concepts of complexity, learnable information, and noise are formalized, which provides a firm information theoretic foundation for statistical modeling. Although the prerequisites include only basic probability calculus and statistics, a moderate level of mathematical proficiency would be beneficial.
Download or read book Complexity written by M. Mitchell Waldrop and published by Open Road Media. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “If you liked Chaos, you’ll love Complexity. Waldrop creates the most exciting intellectual adventure story of the year” (The Washington Post). In a rarified world of scientific research, a revolution has been brewing. Its activists are not anarchists, but rather Nobel Laureates in physics and economics and pony-tailed graduates, mathematicians, and computer scientists from all over the world. They have formed an iconoclastic think-tank and their radical idea is to create a new science: complexity. They want to know how a primordial soup of simple molecules managed to turn itself into the first living cell—and what the origin of life some four billion years ago can tell us about the process of technological innovation today. This book is their story—the story of how they have tried to forge what they like to call the science of the twenty-first century. “Lucidly shows physicists, biologists, computer scientists and economists swapping metaphors and reveling in the sense that epochal discoveries are just around the corner . . . [Waldrop] has a special talent for relaying the exhilaration of moments of intellectual insight.” —The New York Times Book Review “Where I enjoyed the book was when it dove into the actual question of complexity, talking about complex systems in economics, biology, genetics, computer modeling, and so on. Snippets of rare beauty here and there almost took your breath away.” —Medium “[Waldrop] provides a good grounding of what may indeed be the first flowering of a new science.” —Publishers Weekly
