Download or read book Rand s Role in the Evolution of Balloon and Satellite Observation Systems and Related U S Space Technology written by Merton E. Davies and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This history commemorates the 40th anniversary of The RAND Corporation, 1948-1988. RAND research studies aided in development of concepts, system requirements, and development programs for space satellites operational in the 1960s. RAND research in 1946-1954 emphasized reconnaissance missions for balloons and electro-optical (TV) reconnaissance satellites with data relay. Thereafter, RAND proposed use of recoverable, film-storage satellite payloads with simple guidance systems so that reconnaissance satellites could aid in arms control verification when intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) were deployed. In the 1950s, RAND space technology studies dealt with scientific exploration of the moon and solar system, satellites for weather forecasting and for mapping, missile launch detection, and technology applications for the civil space program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Innovative studies of balloon reconnaissance platforms, ICBMs, uses of panoramic cameras for remote observation of earth, and use of infrared satellites for missile launch warning resulted from researcher-initiated studies.
Download or read book RAND and the Information Evolution written by Willis H. Ware and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2008-12-09 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This professional memoir describes RAND's contributions to the evolution of computer science, particularly during the first decades following World War II, when digital computers succeeded slide rules, mechanical desk calculators, electric accounting machines, and analog computers. The memoir includes photographs and vignettes that reveal the collegial, creative, and often playful spirit in which the groundbreaking research was conducted at RAND.
Download or read book Orbital Futures Selected Documents in Air Force Space History Vol 1 2004 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight written by Stephen J. Dick and published by U. S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. This book was released on 2006 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 2005, the NASA History Division and the Division of Space History at the National Air and Space Museum brought together a distinguished group of scholars to consider the state of the discipline of space history. This volume is a collection of essays based on those deliberations. The meeting took place at a time of extraordinary transformation for NASA, stemming from the new Vision of Space Exploration announced by President George W. Bush in January 204: to go to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. This Vision, in turn, stemmed from a deep reevaluation of NASA?s goals in the wake of the Space Shuttle Columbia accident and the recommendations of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. The new goals were seen as initiating a "New Age of Exploration" and were placed in the context of the importance of exploration and discovery to the American experiences. (Amazon).
Download or read book US Presidents and the Militarization of Space 1946 1967 written by Sean N. Kalic and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the clash of ideologies represented by the Cold War, even the heavens were not immune to militarization. Satellites and space programs became critical elements among the national security objectives of both the United States and the Soviet Union. According to US Presidents and the Militarization of Space, 1946–1967, three American presidents in succession shared a fundamental objective of preserving space as a weapons-free frontier for the benefit of all humanity. Between 1953 and 1967 Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson all saw nonaggressive military satellite development, as well as the civilian space program, as means to favorably shape the international community’s opinion of the scientific, technological, and military capabilities of the United States. Sean N. Kalic’s reinterpretation of the development of US space policy, based on documents declassified in the past decade, demonstrates that a single vision for the appropriate uses of space characterized American strategies across parties and administrations during this period. Significantly, Kalic’s findings contradict the popular opinion that the United States sought to weaponize space and calls into question the traditional interpretation of the space race as a simple action/reaction paradigm. Indeed, beyond serving as a symbol and ambassador of US technological capability, its satellite program provided the United States with advanced, nonaggressive military intelligence-gathering platforms that proved critical in assessing the strategic nuclear balance between the United States and the Soviet Union. It also aided the three administrations in countering the Soviet Union’s increasing international prestige after its series of space firsts, beginning with the launch of Sputnik in 1957.
Download or read book Space written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Critical issues in the history of spaceflight written by Steven J. Dick and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2018 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Science at NASA written by Erik M. Conway and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2008-12-08 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honorable Mention, 2008 ASLI Choice Awards. Atmospheric Science Librarians International This book offers an informed and revealing account of NASA’s involvement in the scientific understanding of the Earth’s atmosphere. Since the nineteenth century, scientists have attempted to understand the complex processes of the Earth’s atmosphere and the weather created within it. This effort has evolved with the development of new technologies—from the first instrument-equipped weather balloons to multibillion-dollar meteorological satellite and planetary science programs. Erik M. Conway chronicles the history of atmospheric science at NASA, tracing the story from its beginnings in 1958, the International Geophysical Year, through to the present, focusing on NASA’s programs and research in meteorology, stratospheric ozone depletion, and planetary climates and global warming. But the story is not only a scientific one. NASA’s researchers operated within an often politically contentious environment. Although environmental issues garnered strong public and political support in the 1970s, the following decades saw increased opposition to environmentalism as a threat to free market capitalism. Atmospheric Science at NASA critically examines this politically controversial science, dissecting the often convoluted roles, motives, and relationships of the various institutional actors involved—among them NASA, congressional appropriation committees, government weather and climate bureaus, and the military.
Download or read book Orbital Futures written by David N. Spires and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The First Space Race written by Matt Bille and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an account of the competitive technological and political race between the United States and the Soviet Union and their leaders to launch satellites.
Download or read book Viewing the Earth written by Pamela Etter Mack and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viewing the Earth examines the role played by interest groups in shaping the process of technological change, offering valuable insights into how technologies evolve. It traces the history of Landsat from its origins through the launch and use of the first few satellites, showing how a variety of forces shape the form and the eventual reception of any new technology. The Landsat earth resources satellite system was a project of The National Aeronautics and Space Administration that was created to collect data about earth resources from space. The first satellite was launched in 1972 with great fanfare and high expectations. The data proved useful for everything from finding oil to predicting harvests, yet today the successful commercialization of the program is still uncertain. Why? To answer this question, Pamela E. Mack focuses on the negotiating process that went on among different parts of the space agency, other interested government agencies, and various organizations that were potential users of the data. This formal and informal negotiating process, she points out, involved not only choices between alternative technologies and the satellite but also conflicting definitions of what the satellite would do. The story is full of fascinating detail, from the concerns of the intelligence community over civilian satellites looking at the earth to the politics of agricultural survey. Pamela E. Mack is Associate Professor in the History Department at Clemson University.
Download or read book Spying from Space written by David Christopher Arnold and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-12 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 14, 1960, a revolution quietly occurred in the reconnaissance capabilities of America. When the Air Force C-119 Flying Boxcar Pelican 9 caught a bucket returning from space with film from a satellite, the American intelligence community gained access to previously denied information about the Soviet Union. The Corona reconnaissance satellite missions that followed lifted the veil of secrecy from the communist bloc, revealing, among other things, that no “Missile Gap” existed. This revolution in military intelligence could not have occurred without the development of the command and control systems that made the Space Race possible. In Spying from Space, David Christopher Arnold tells the story of how military officers and civilian contractors built the Air Force Satellite Control Facility (AFSCF) to support the National Reconnaissance Program. The AFSCF also had a unique relationship with the National Reconnaissance Office, a secret organization that the U.S. government officially concealed as late as the 1990s. Like every large technology system, the AFSCF evolved as a result of the interaction of human beings with technology and with each other. Spying from Space fills a gap in space history by telling the story of the command and control systems that made rockets and satellites useful. Those interested in space flight or intelligence efforts will benefit from this revealing look into a little-known aspect of American achievement. Those fascinated by how large, complex organizations work will also find this an intriguing study of inter-service rivalries and clashes between military and civilian cultures.
Download or read book Secret Empire written by Philip Taubman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2003 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the most dangerous years of the Cold War, a handful of Americans secretly built machines that revolutionized spying and warfare while protecting the United States from a surprise nuclear attack. This is their story, told in full for the first time. of photos.
Download or read book Beyond Horizons written by David N. Spires and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Warfare to Welfare written by Jennifer S. Light and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2005-09-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the early decades of the Cold War, large-scale investments in American defense and aerospace research and development spawned a variety of problem-solving techniques, technologies, and institutions. From systems analysis to reconnaissance satellites to think tanks, these innovations did not remain exclusive accessories of the defense establishment. Instead, they readily found civilian applications in both the private and public sector. City planning and management were no exception. Jennifer Light argues that the technologies and values of the Cold War fundamentally shaped the history of postwar urban America. From Warfare to Welfare documents how American intellectuals, city leaders, and the federal government chose to attack problems in the nation's cities by borrowing techniques and technologies first designed for military engagement with foreign enemies. Experiments in urban problem solving adapted the expertise of defense professionals to face new threats: urban chaos, blight, and social unrest. Tracing the transfer of innovations from military to city planning and management, Light reveals how a continuing source of inspiration for American city administrators lay in the nation's preparations for war.
Download or read book Information Strategy and Warfare written by John Arquilla and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-08-08 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume develops information strategy as a construct equal in importance to military strategy as an influential tool of statecraft. John Arquilla and Douglas A. Borer explore three principal themes: the rise of the ‘information domain’ and information strategy as an equal partner alongside traditional military strategy the need to consider the organizational implications of information strategy the realm of what has been called ‘information operations’ (IO) - the building blocks of information strategy - has been too narrowly depicted and must be both broadened and deepened. Information Strategy and Warfare will be essential reading for students and practitioners of information strategy, as well as scholars of security studies and military strategy in general.
Download or read book A Dictionary of the Space Age written by Paul Dickson and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2009-04-14 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 ushered in an exciting era of scientific and technological advancement. As television news anchors, radio hosts, and journalists reported the happenings of the American and the Soviet space programs to millions of captivated citizens, words that belonged to the worlds of science, aviation, and science fiction suddenly became part of the colloquial language. What's more, NASA used a litany of acronyms in much of its official correspondence in an effort to transmit as much information in as little time as possible. To translate this peculiar vocabulary, Paul Dickson has compiled the curious lingo and mystifying acronyms of NASA in an accessible dictionary of the names, words, and phrases of the Space Age." "This dictionary captures a broader foundation for the language of the Space Age based on the historical principles employed by the Oxford English Dictionary and Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Word histories for major terms are detailed in a conversational tone, and technical terms are deciphered for the interested student and lay reader. This is a must-own reference for space history buffs." --Book Jacket.
