Download or read book RAMIFICATIONS OF SARBANES OXLEY CORPORATE GOVERNANCE LEGISLATION ON INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS OF RESEARCH INTENSIVE FIRMS written by Janine Noelle Black and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of July 2002 was created to address the financial malfeasance revealed during the investigations of several large firms by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The Act required public companies traded on U.S. exchanges to provide increased transparency in financial statements. Key portions of the legislation required firms to create internal financial controls and placed personal accountability with top executives. SOX mandated and standardized a greater degree of self-regulation. In the years following SOX, firms experienced significantly higher compliance costs, but they also benefited from the reduction of statement errors and fraud, increased accuracy in reporting, and greater investor confidence. After the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002, anecdotal evidence suggested that SOX impeded small, research intensive firms. We looked at research intensive firms going public before and after SOX to determine if there was a change in volume and quality of research intensive firms post-SOX. We found that firms that went public after SOX were fewer and had lower patenting activity. In the case of small and medium size firms, the cost of SOX compliance is likely to divert funds from research investments. We speculate that highly research intensive firms are more likely post-SOX to divert their IPO to non-U.S. exchanges, delay going public, or dismiss the idea of going public, as proposed in a "3Ds" model. The 2002 SOX US Congressional Act levied millions of dollars in new compliance costs on each foreign or domestic firm that went public on U.S. exchanges. Funding for regulatory expenditures must come from somewhere. We proposed that one likely candidate was research budgets, as research efforts have a more distant, less immediately visible, long term effect on firm performance. We suggested that large firms more easily absorbed the additional costs of SOX with a reduced effect on research and development budgets, while small firms were less able to maintain research budgets after SOX. In the aftermath of SOX, research spending did go down, most visibly in Biotech and Electronics. As the total number of IPO firms decreased dramatically after SOX, these two research intensive industries, plus Computer Software, were the only industries with a large enough sample size to evaluate. We saw that research intensive firms diminished dramatically, along with many non-research intensive firms, from IPO events after SOX. Where we had sufficient sample size, in computer software, biotechnology, electronics, and "other", we noted that research-intensive firms generally resisted the temptation to raid research budgets, finding funding for compliance elsewhere within the company or from the additional cash flow at time of IPO. Where firms did appear to greatly reduce research budgets was in the non-research intensive industries, where research budgets might be more of a discretionary expense. Firm size was not a factor in whether research intensive firms could better absorb the costs of SOX, although smaller firms tended to spend proportionally more on research in an effort to grow faster. After the enactment of SOX, we observed an indication that the markets valued research intensity even more than prior to SOX, perhaps understanding the vulnerability of research budgets being diverted to compliance costs. Overall, the data suggested that the effect of SOX was underestimated in this study, as the firms that were deterred from going public on U.S. exchanges were not in the sample evaluated. We only analyzed those firms prepared to accept the higher costs of SOX. The data set consisted of survivors, selected firms still willing to pay for SOX compliance as well as for research programs.

Download or read book Corporate Governance Regulation written by Nicholas V. Vakkur and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why U.S. corporate governance regulation has lost its way, and what must be done to improve it Modern history persuasively demonstrates the inexorable link that binds comprehensive regulation to the global economy. This important book, rather than simply recount a litany of corporate governance failures, persuasively explains why, despite policymakers' best intentions, regulation has failed in the modern era. An objective study intended for a diverse readership, Corporate Governance Regulation unveils the underlying, root causes of regulatory failure. The result: A compelling and original analysis, broadly suited for a global audience of all backgrounds. Written by published, subject-area experts, the authors carefully delineate how U.S. corporate governance regulation, beginning with Sarbanes Oxley, lacks an adequate rational basis, as may be attributed to a non-existent policy dialogue The witnessed result: A conspicuous lack of regulatory efficacy, enormous costs, coupled with paltry benefits The focus is upon reigniting a stalled, non-productive policy dialogue, by eschewing stale, overly-polemicized arguments, as needed to develop a common ground Drawing from an eclectic, analytic framework, governance experts Nicholas Vakkur and Zulma Herrera offer both the professional and global citizen alike a multi-dimensional understanding of issues critical to global economic health. Nuanced and persuasively argued, Corporate Governance Regulation represents a formidable catalyst in the elusive, ongoing quest for global economic stability.

Download or read book The Sarbanes Oxley Act A brief introduction written by Andreas Bauer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-07-21 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Law, grade: 1,3, IPAG Ecole Supérieure de Commerce Nice, course: Financial Management, language: English, abstract: This paper provides a brief but complete introduction of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act (SOX). After providing the aims that were pursed by the United States legislation by introducing this act, the paper gives an overview of the provisions of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act. This overview deals with every single provision and describes the inherent measures. Ultimately the last section of this paper delivers an overview of the criticism raised by different scholars and experts concerning the Sarbanes- Oxley Act.

Download or read book Guide to the Sarbanes Oxley Act written by Robert A. Prentice and published by South-Western College. This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief guide explains the ins-and-outs of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, helping you understand how this major legislative change affects CEOs, CFOs, and other financially responsible officers -- and ultimately you in your own business life.

Download or read book The Benefits of Sarbanes Oxley and Corporate Governance Measured Against the Costs written by Salim Motala and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) is the only legislated corporate governance structure, and is aimed at increasing investor confidence in public companies by forcing them to be transparent in their financial affairs. In order for companies to comply with the legislation, significant costs need to be incurred without any guarantee that the benefits will accrue to the investors or the company. The legislation will be regarded as being successful if a) the benefits and costs can be identified and b) the benefits exceed the costs. This study reviews the SOX legislation elements using documentary and secondary interview research, and reveals a convergence between the two. While the purpose of the regulation is to prevent fraud and restore investor confidence, there was no empirical evidence suggesting that investor confidence has increased after complying with the legislation. The benefits of complying with the legislation appear to be access to capital markets in the United States, and awareness of the controls environment by all employees. The costs incurred are listed as initial implementation costs and ongoing sustainable costs, and the overall costs are greater than benefits obtained. In the long term, benefits should exceed the costs, as the sustainable costs are low compared to implementation costs.

Download or read book The Sarbanes Oxley Act written by Michael F. Holt and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2008 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sarbannes-Oxley Act (SOX) is a mandatory requirement for all listed corporations in the US, whether foreign or not. Compliance is not an option. Other countries are developing similar legislation so the books value is international in scope. SOX is a hot topic and the effects are just beginning to be felt world-wide. This new book goes beyond the implementation phase of SOX and looks at the reaction to the Act in terms of costs, benefits and business impacts. This book is for Senior Managers in the Business and Financial/Accounting Communities who want/need to know what the reaction of business and government is to the SOX legislation, what it is costing and how the effects are penetrating through the business environment. Mike Holt presents a comprehensive review of the impact that Sarbanes-Oxley legislation has had on business, the financial community, governments and the public since its inception in 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has been somewhat successful, but not completely and the cost (well over a trillion dollars) might be considered too high a price to pay for the gains. This book takes a hard look at the costs, benefits and other impacts as well as at what influential and prominent financial, government and business leaders think about it now. * International in scope and content and including interviews with prominent business leaders, CEOs and CFOs of large and small corporations. * Compliance with The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is now mandatory for every listed US corporation and overseas corporations listed on US stock markets. * Covers the reaction of business and government to this legislation, what it is costing and how the effects are penetrating through the business environment.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Governance written by Mike Wright and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of managers-such as the rewards they obtain for poor performance, the role of boards of directors in monitoring managers, and the regulatory framework covering the corporate governance mechanisms that are put in place to ensure managers' accountability to shareholder and other stakeholders-has been the subject of extensive media and policy scrutiny in light of the financial crisis of the early 2000s. However, corporate governance covers a much broader set of issues, which requires detailed assessment as a central issue of concern to business and society. Critiques of traditional governance research based on agency theory have noted its "under-contextualized" nature and its inability to compare accurately and explain the diversity of corporate governance arrangements across different institutional contexts. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Governance aims at closing these theoretical and empirical gaps. It considers corporate governance issues at multiple levels of analysis-the individual manager, firms, institutions, industries, and nations-and presents international evidence to reflect the wide variety of perspectives. In analyzing the effects of corporate governance on performance, a variety of indicators are considered, such as accounting profit, economic profit, productivity growth, market share, proxies for environmental and social performance, such as diversity and other aspects of corporate social responsibility, and of course, share price effects. In addition to providing a high level review and analysis of the existing literature, each chapter develops an agenda for further research on a specific aspect of corporate governance. This Handbook constitutes the definitive source of academic research on corporate governance, synthesizing studies from economics, strategy, international business, organizational behavior, entrepreneurship, business ethics, accounting, finance, and law.

Download or read book Principles of Corporate Finance Law written by Eilis Ferran and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the additional contribution of Look Chan Ho, an expert in the field of corporate finance, this thoroughly revised and updated second edition of Ferran's 'Principles of Corporate Finance Law' explores the relationship between law and finance.

Download or read book International Antitrust Law Policy Fordham Competition Law 2008 written by Barry E. Hawk and published by Juris Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2009-03-01 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every October the Fordham Competition Law Institute brings together leading figures from governmental organizations, leading international law firms and corporations and academia to examine and analyze the most important issues in international antitrust and trade policy of the United States, the EU and the world. This work is the most definitive and comprehensive annual analysis of international antitrust law and policy available anywhere. Each annual edition sets out to explore and analyze the areas of antitrust/competition law that have had the most impact in that year. Recent "hot topics" include antitrust enforcement in Asia, Latin America: competition enforcement in the areas of telecommunications, media and information technology. All of the chapters raise questions of policy or discuss new developments and assess their significance and impact on antitrust and trade policy. The chapters are revised and updated before publication when necessary. As a result, the reader receives up-to-date practical tips and important analyses of difficult policy issues. The annual volumes are an indispensable guide through the sea of international antitrust law. The Fordham Competition Law Proceedings are acknowledged as simply the most definitive US/EC annual analyses of antitrust/competition law published.

Download or read book Comparative Corporate Governance written by Thomas Clarke and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-10 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate governance developed to maintain the accountability, stability, and performance of corporations. It has evolved to concern not just the financial health of the company, but its social and environmental impact. There is considerable international institutional diversity in corporate governance. The role and significance of market institutions varies among different governance systems. This work provides a concise insight into the defining impulses of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century corporate governance evolving through a series of competing epoch-making paradigmatic contests. The present paradigm highlights a shift towards corporate sustainability involving the corporate delivery of long-term value in financial, social, environmental, and ethical terms. In analysing the purpose of the company and the definition of value creation, the hegemony of agency theory and shareholder primacy is challenged. More expansive theoretical explanations are considered which recognise the deeper values companies are built upon, the wider purposes they serve, and the broader set of relationships they depend upon for their success. This book will be of value to researchers, scholars, and students in corporate governance, sustainability, business, and accounting. Managers, professionals, and other general business readers will also find this text of interest.

Download or read book Effects and Implications of Kazakhstan s Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards written by Oksana Kim and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ?Despite having an underdeveloped supporting infrastructure and limited resources, Kazakhstan was the first CIS country to require international financial reporting standards in 2004 for banks, and in 2005 for all public companies. What were the economic consequences of this important reform? In the 1990s, Kazakhstan’s capital market reforms mirrored those of Russia due to the two countries’ cooperating mode driven by a high level of resource interdependence and environmental uncertainty, following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Yet, by 2003, dependence on external donors (the IMF, World Bank) took precedence over interdependence with Russia. As a result, Kazakhstan unilaterally proceeded with adoption of IFRS, while Russia backed up from this initiative. This study reports that Kazakhstan’s inflow of foreign direct investments was the greatest among the CIS nations following the adoption of IFRS. In addition, in 2005–11, Kazakhstani public firms’ reporting quality was higher than that of the Russian public firms operating in a similar environment but exempt from the IFRS reporting requirement. Kazakhstan was the first CIS nation to repay its external debt ahead of schedule and to receive an investment grade from Moody’s rating agency. The book concludes that Western-style capital market reforms—in this emerging market with a not-so-distant communist past—had significantly positive outcomes.?

Download or read book Advances in Accounting written by Philip M J Reckers and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-06-02 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its twenty-first edition, Advances in Accounting continues to provide an important forum for discourse among and between academic and practicing accountants on issues of significance to the future of the discipline. Emphasis continues to be placed on original commentary, critical analysis and creative research - research that promises to substantively advance our understanding of financial markets, behavioral phenomenon and regulatory policy. Technology and aggressive global competition have propelled tremendous changes over the two decades since AIA was founded. A wide array of unsolved questions continues to plague a profession under fire in the aftermath of one financial debacle after another and grabbling with the advent of international accounting standards. This volume of Advances in Accounting not surprisingly includes articles reflective of recent focus on corporate governance, earnings management and the influence of the CEO, the accuracy of earnings forecasts and the value relevance or voluntary and mandated disclosures. This volume also looks at challenges facing the academic community with respect to technology and addresses pedagogical advances holding promise. AIA continues its commitment to the global arena by publishing research with an international perspective in the International Section inaugurated in Volume 20. As never before the accounting profession is seeking ways to reinvent itself and recapture relevance and credibility. AIA likewise continues to champion forward thinking research.

Download or read book The Modern Corporation and Private Property written by Adolf Augustus Berle and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Shareholder Empowerment written by Maria Goranova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-27 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, leading management experts offer critical insights into the promises and illusions of shareholder empowerment, the discrepancies between theory and practice, and the challenges posed by variations in global corporate governance regimes.

Download or read book Research Handbook on Securities Regulation in the United States written by Jerry W. Markham and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating Handbook provides a clear explanation of the securities market regulation regime in the United States. A diverse set of contributors offer a comprehensive overview of the regulatory process, Dodd-Frank, the principal securities statute

Download or read book The Federalization of Corporate Governance written by Marc I. Steinberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the federalization of corporate governance in the United States from both historical and contemporary perspectives. Although the states traditionally have regulated the sphere of corporate governance - encompassing the relations among and between the subject corporation, its directors, its officers, its stockholders, and other stakeholders - federal law today impacts the governance of publicly-traded companies to a greater degree than ever before in U.S. history. This book discusses the evolution and development of corporate governance from a federal law perspective from the commencement of the twentieth century to the present. It examines the tension between state company law and federal law, analyzes the federal historical developments, explains the ramifications of the federal legislation enacted during the past two decades, and recommends corrective measures that should be implemented. The book accordingly provides an original, historical, and contemporary analysis of the federalization of corporate governance - a subject that impacts this country's economic well-being in a very fundamental way.

Download or read book Free Markets Under Siege written by Richard A. Epstein and published by Hoover Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on his extensive knowledge of history, law, and economics, Richard Epstein examines how best to regulate the interface between market choice and government intervention--and find a middle way between socialism and libertarianism. He argues the merits of competition over protectionism and reveals the negative results that ensue when political forces displace economic competition with subsidies and barriers to entry. In the process, he provides an illuminating analysis of some of the ways that special interest groups, with the help of sympathetic politicians, have been able to manipulate free markets in their favor.