Download or read book Ralstonia Solanacearum Plant Interactions Plant Defense Responses Virulence Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways written by Yasufumi Hikichi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-27 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of the Plant pathogen Interaction written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a myriad of genetic, biochemical, and cell biology based approaches, the interactions between pathogens and their hosts have been intensely examined since microbes were first described by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century. Despite these efforts, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the basis of pathogenesis and host defense are still only partially unraveled. Our work has focused on the interaction between bacterial phytopathogens, specifically Pseudomonas syringae, and the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we examined the sub-cellular localization strategies utilized by a subset of P. syringae virulence factors, the AvrPphB-like family of type III effector proteins. Remarkably, some members of the AvrPphB family of effector proteins utilize their own cysteine protease activities to direct their localization within the plant cell. We have demonstrated that, following delivery through the type III secretion system, these effectors undergo self-proteolytic processing to reveal a novel amino terminus containing consensus sites for eukaryotic fatty acylation. We show that these effectors hijack the eukaryotic acylation machinery to ensure lipid modification, and are consequently delivered to the host plasma membrane. Additionally, we found that acylation of AvrPphB by the host lipidation machinery is absolutely required for successful cleavage of its in planta substrate. Finally, we have demonstrated that additional AvrPphB family members, surprisingly, employ acylation-independent localization strategies. Nonetheless, these effectors also localize to the host plasma membrane, underscoring the plant plasma membrane as a critical site for type III effector function. In addition, we have also investigated specific aspects of the plant defense system. Although the signaling pathways that encode innate immunity against invading microbes have been well studied, epigenetic regulation of plant defenses through modification of heritable DNA methylation patterns represents an unexplored regulatory mechanism of plant defense. Here, we show that Arabidopsis mutants deficient in cytosine methyltranserase activity are markedly more resistant to P. syringae, a phenotype that strongly correlates with up-regulation of known plant defense genes. Remarkably, we have also demonstrated that wild-type plants utilize transgenerational memory of P. syringae infection to encode enhanced pathogen resistance in their progeny, a mechanism that requires the activity of the DRM1, DRM2, and CMT3 DNA methyltransferases. Furthermore, using high-throughput sequencing technology, we mapped methylcytosines across the genome of Arabidopsis plants infected with P. syringae, and found multiple examples of pathogen-induced transient DNA methylation changes that correlate with transcriptional changes of proximal genes. Together, our results have revealed that cytosine methylation contributes to regulation of plant defense genes during infection, and that transient alterations in DNA methylation patterns may encode resistance to pathogens in subsequent generations.
Download or read book Mechanisms and Consequences of Crosstalk Among Plant Defense Pathways Encoding Resistance to Pathogens and Herbivores written by Adam Kaveh Bahrami and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 introduces the plant defense system from a historical perspective, focusing on the discovery of induced resistance and prior evidence for crosstalk among signaling pathways encoding resistance to pathogens and herbivores.
Download or read book Root Physiology from Gene to Function written by Hans Lambers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-03 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, enormous progress has been made on the physiology of plant roots, including on a wide range of molecular aspects. Much of that progress has been captured in the chapters of this book. Breakthroughs have been made possible through integration of molecular and whole-plant aspects. The classical boundaries between physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology have vanished. There has been a strong focus on a limited number of model species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. That focus has allowed greater insight into the significance of specific genes for plant development and functioning. However, many species are very different from A. thaliana, in that they are mycorrhizal, develop a symbiosis with N2-fixing microsymbionts, or have other specialised root structures. Also, some have a much greater capacity to resist extreme environments, such as soil acidity, salinity, flooding or heavy-metal toxicities, due to specific adaptations. Research on species other than A. thaliana is therefore pivotal, to develop new knowledge in plant sciences in a comprehensive manner. This fundamental new knowledge can be the basis for important applications in, e.g., agriculture and plant conservation. Although significant progress has been made, much remains to be learnt. It is envisaged that discoveries made in the recent past will likely lead to major breakthroughs in the next decade.
Download or read book Plant Proteases written by Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Plant pathogen Interactions written by Nicholas J. Talbot and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant diseases are destructive and threaten virtually any crop grown on a commercial scale. They are kept in check by plant breeding strategies that have introgressed disease resistance genes into many important crops, and by the deployment of costly control measures, such as antibiotics and fungicides. However, the capacity for the agents of plant disease - viruses, bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes - to adapt to new conditions, overcoming disease resistance and becoming resistant to pesticides, is very great. For these reasons, understanding the biology of plant diseases is essential for the development of durable control strategies. Plant-Pathogen Interactions provides and overview of our current knowledge of plant-pathogen interactions and the establishment of plant disease, drawing together fundamental new information on plant infection mechanisms and host responses. The role of molecular signals, gene regulation, and the physiology of pathogenic organisms are emphasized, but the role of the prevailing environment in the conditioning of disease is also discussed. Emphasizing the broader understanding that has emerged from the use of molecular genetics and genomics, Plant-Pathogen Interactions highlights those interactions that have been most widely studied and those in which genome information has provided a new level of understanding.
Download or read book Virulence Mechanisms of Plant pathogenic Bacteria written by Nian Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phytobacteriology written by J. D. Janse and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive manual of phytobacteriology is heavily illustrated with over 200 colour photographs and line illustrations. It begins by outlining the history and science of bacteriology and gives an overview of the diversity and versatility of complex bacteria. It then explains the characterization, identification and naming of complex bacteria, and explores how bacteria can cause disease and how plants react to such disease. The book also discusses the economic importance of bacterial diseases as well as strategies for their control and the reduction of crop losses. It concludes with fifty examples of plant pathogenic bacteria and the diseases that they cause.
Download or read book Genes Involved in Plant Defense written by Thomas Boller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many fungi and bacteria that associate with plants are potentially harmful and can cause disease, while others enter into mutually beneficial sym bioses. Co-evolution of plants with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes has lead to refined mechanisms of reciprocal recognition, defense and counter defense. Genes in both partners determine and regulate these mechanisms. A detailed understanding of these genes provides basic biological insights as well as a starting point for developing novel methods of crop protection against pathogens. This volume deals with defense-related genes of plants and their regulation as well as with the genes of microbes involved in their interaction with plants. Our discussion begins at the level of populations and addresses the complex interaction of plant and microbial genes in multigenic disease resistance and its significance for crop protection as compared to mono genic resistance (Chap. 1). Although monogenic disease resistance may have its problems in the practice of crop protection, it is appealing to the experimentalist: in the so-called gene-for-gene systems, single genes in the plant and in the pathogen specify the compatibility or incompatibility of an interaction providing an ideal experimental system for studying events at the molecular level (Chaps. 2 and 4). Good progress has been made in identifying viral, bacterial, and fungal genes important in virulence and host range (Chaps. 3-6). An important aspect of plant-microbe interactions is the exchange of chemical signals. Microbes can respond to chemical signals of plant origin.
Download or read book Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid written by Phyllis Santos and published by Nova Science Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2015-01-04 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) signaling is associated with phospholipids and the enzymes that metabolize them. However, despite the many studies conducted, the role of SA or MJ signalling via phospholipids in plant responses is not yet fully understood. The signaling pathways of SA and MJ have been evaluated in plant cell suspensions, and it was observed that these compounds regulate enzymatic activities to generate a rapid cellular response. This book discusses the immune responses induced by salicylic acid and jasmonic acids against plant parasites; the induction by SA of in vitro thermotolerance during thermotherapy; aalicylic acid, methyl jasmonate and phospholipid signaling in suspension cells; the self-association of salicylic acid derivatives in aqueous solutions studied by methods of absorption and fluorescence; and the role of exogenous salicylic acid applications for salt tolerance in tomato plants.
Download or read book Plant Pathology written by Christian Joseph Cumagun and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-04-04 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant pathology is an applied science that deals with the nature, causes and control of plant diseases in agriculture and forestry. The vital role of plant pathology in attaining food security and food safety for the world cannot be overemphasized.
Download or read book Plant Signaling Molecules written by M. Iqbal R. Khan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Signaling Molecule: Role and Regulation under Stressful Environments explores tolerance mechanisms mediated by signaling molecules in plants for achieving sustainability under changing environmental conditions. Including a wide range of potential molecules, from primary to secondary metabolites, the book presents the status and future prospects of the role and regulation of signaling molecules at physiological, biochemical, molecular and structural level under abiotic stress tolerance. This book is designed to enhance the mechanistic understanding of signaling molecules and will be an important resource for plant biologists in developing stress tolerant crops to achieve sustainability under changing environmental conditions. Focuses on plant biology under stress conditions Provides a compendium of knowledge related to plant adaptation, physiology, biochemistry and molecular responses Identifies treatments that enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses Illustrates specific physiological pathways that are considered key points for plant adaptation or tolerance to abiotic stresses
Download or read book Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology written by Yuri Dyakov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular ‘dialogue’ between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions. * Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market* Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors* Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships* Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity
Download or read book Plant Pathogens and Plant Diseases written by John Frederick Brown and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text for undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in plant pathology and related disciplines. Also useful as a reference for agricultural consultants and advisers, farmers and those involved in agrochemical industries. Designed to give a basic background in plant pathology. Provides information about topics such as epidemiology, disease management, and the biology of pathogenic organisms. Includes suggestions for further reading, a subject index and a pathogen index. Brown is associate professor of plant pathology at the University of New England. Ogle is a lecturer in agriculture at the University of Queensland.
Download or read book Fungal Pathology written by J.W. Kronstad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together twelve chapters on fungal pathogens with the goal of presenting an overview of the current areas of activity and the common themes that pervade research on these important organisms. The timing of the book is appropriate because we have gained sufficient insight from molecular genetic analyses to begin to make some comparisons between different fungal pathogens and to discuss the key advances that have been made. The chapters provide a broad survey of the important topics in fungal pathogenesis including morphogenesis, virulence, avirulence, and signaling. The reader also will fmd clear discussions of parasitism, mutualism, symbiosis, evolution, phylogeny and ecology for those fungi where these issues are especially important. Finally, many of the chapters in this book illustrate the fact that we are on the verge of a revolution in our understanding of fungal pathogens because of the application of genomics to these organisms and their hosts. The fungi included in this book represent many of the most intensively investigated fungal pathogens of plants; in this regard, a chapter is also included for pathogens in the Phytophthora group, even though these organisms are no longer classified as fungi. It is appropriate to include Phytophthora for historical reasons and, in addition, the insights in terms of pathogenesis and host-specific interactions are important to keep in mind when considering fungal pathogens. Chapters are also included on pathogens of insects and humans, as well as endophytic fungi.
Download or read book Polyamines in Plant Biotechnology Food Nutrition and Human Health written by Rubén Alcázar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Mechanisms of Plant Interactions With a Combination of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses written by Jean-benoit Morel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-12 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
