Download or read book Raised Field Technology written by Arthur Stephen Morris and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Inca Empire and, indeed, in the previous centuries, the harsh climate and difficult physical environment of the Andean plateau around Lake Titicaca sustained a population many times larger than the one struggling to sustain itself in more recent times. Academics began studying this in the late 1960s and discovered that the Incas and their forefathers had used a complex system of raised fields and irrigation canals to obtain high yields from their crops. This technology seems to have been lost after the Spanish conquest. the Peruvian and Bolivian governments as well as international NGOs, which have set about reintroducing this system of farming, along with the traditional Andean wonder crops such as quinua, canilua and amaranth. This book presents a critical analysis of these raised field projects, setting them in context and taking into consideration factors such as agrarian reforms and counter-reforms, the psychology of aid dependency and the limited remit of the agencies. It shows that very few of the raised field projects have led to permanent cultivation and explains the failures in terms of a variety of standard factors. a more integrated approach, which recognizes the integrated nature of society and economy in the traditional communities and the existence of a rounded Andean technology, of which the raised fields comprise only one part.
Download or read book Fragile Lands Of Latin America written by John O. Browder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-11 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of selected research papers, originally presented at the "Symposium of Fragile Lands of Latin America—The Search for Sustainable Uses," presents some fresh evidence of the viability of a few "non-conventional" strategies for natural resource development and management.
Download or read book Ancient Technologies and Archaeological Materials written by Sarah U. Wisseman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1993.This book is a user-friendly introduction to the interface between archaeology and the natural sciences. It is intended as a secondary textbook for undergraduates in interdisciplinary courses in anthropology, archaeological science, museum studies, or materials science. This title will also be useful to graduate students taking a course outside their major field, and to archaeologists, curators, and scientists in a variety of settings who are engaged in interdisciplinary research. Each chapter includes references and suggested readings; a glossary of technical terms concludes the volume.
Download or read book TIWANAKU ITS HINTERLAND V1 written by KOLATA ALAN L and published by Smithsonian Books (DC). This book was released on 1996-05-17 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For nearly a millennium (ca. A.D. 100-1000), the pre-Hispanic, pre-Inca state of Tiwanaku was one of the great centers of native Andean civilization, controlling a vast territory that would today extend from southern Peru to northern Argentina. Until recently, however, archaeologists believed that the site of its capital was merely a ceremonial gathering place, its location high in the Bolivian Andes unsuited to sustained settlement because of climatic extremes. Archaeologists Alan L. Kolata and his colleagues now have discovered that Tiwanaku supported a large population that prospered for centuries because it used a farming and hydrological system known as raised-field agriculture." "Between 1986 and 1992, Kolata and his team discovered and revived the technique of raised-field agriculture. Through close inspection of aerial photographs, extensive surveys, and systematic excavations, they found continuous tracts of abandoned raised fields intersected by network of causeways and canals that extended from Lake Titicaca fifteen kilometers into the surrounding hinterland. By rehabilitating some of these fields, they proved that thermal retention from the canals could prevent crop damage from the frequent frosts. This ingenious system enabled the inhabitants of Tiwanaku, despite the harsh climate, to achieve crop yields well beyond those of farmers in the region today. Raised-field agriculture now has been adopted by many of the subsistence farmers in the region, helping to increase their production."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Download or read book Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies written by Linda Manzanilla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overviews factors involved in change in early urban societies in fourth-millennium Mesopotamia and Egypt, pre-Shang China, Classic Horizon Central Mexico and the Maya Area, and Middle Horizon societies in the Andean Region. An introduction discusses various developmental processes in early urban societies. Chapters on regions and societies look at factors such as interregional exchange networks, conflict and demographic pressures, and the transformation of theocratic leadership in military administrators. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society written by Steward Anthropological Society and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Aspects of Water Management in the Prehispanic New World written by Vernon L. Scarborough and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Festival of American Folklife written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Archaeology of Garden and Field written by Naomi Frances Miller and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Other topics include excavation strategies, sampling procedures for pollen and other environmental remains, soil phosphate analysis, remote sensing, and many other techniques.
Download or read book 1994 Festival of American Folklife July 1 4 July 7 10 written by Smithsonian Institution and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Michigan Discussions in Anthropology written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multidisciplinary Studies in Andean Anthropology written by Virginia J. Vitzthum and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biodiversidad Conservaci n Y Manejo en la Regi n de la Reserva de la Biosfera Estaci n Biol gica Del Beni Bolivia written by Olga Herrera-MacBryde and published by Smithsonian Institution Si/Mab Biodiversity Program. This book was released on 2000 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contemporary Archaeology in Theory written by Robert W. Preucel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-04 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: The New Pragmatism, has been thoroughly updated and revised, and features top scholars who redefine the theoretical and political agendas of the field, and challenge the usual distinctions between time, space, processes, and people. Defines the relevance of archaeology and the social sciences more generally to the modern world Challenges the traditional boundaries between prehistoric and historical archaeologies Discusses how archaeology articulates such contemporary topics and issues as landscape and natures; agency, meaning and practice; sexuality, embodiment and personhood; race, class, and ethnicity; materiality, memory, and historical silence; colonialism, nationalism, and empire; heritage, patrimony, and social justice; media, museums, and publics Examines the influence of American pragmatism on archaeology Offers 32 new chapters by leading archaeologists and cultural anthropologists
Download or read book Power from Below in Premodern Societies written by T. L. Thurston and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume challenges previous views of social organization focused on elites by offering innovative perspectives on 'power from below.' Using a variety of archaeological, anthropological, and historical data to question traditional narratives of complexity as inextricably linked to top-down power structures, it exemplifies how commoners have developed strategies to sustain non-hierarchical networks and contest the rise of inequalities. Through case studies from around the world – ranging from Europe to New Guinea, and from Mesoamerica to China – an international team of contributors explores the diverse and dynamic nature of power relations in premodern societies. The theoretical models discussed throughout the volume include a reassessment of key concepts such as heterarchy, collective action, and resistance. Thus, the book adds considerable nuance to our understanding of power in the past, and also opens new avenues of reflection that can help inform discussions about our collective present and future.
Download or read book The Technology and Organization of Agricultural Production in the Tiwanaku State written by Alan L. Kolata and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Actes Du XLIIe Congr s International Des Am ricanistes Mesoamerican communities from proto historic to colonial times models of culture change written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
