Download or read book Radiological Dispersal Devices written by James L. Ford and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Science Board Summer Study report recognizes a "new and ominous trend transnational threat with a proclivity towards much greater levels of violence." The report states that transnational groups have both access to, as well as the motivation to use, weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Military and civil defense planners are increasingly concerned about possible state and non-state use of radiological dispersal devices (RDD) against U.S. forces and population centers abroad and at home.

Download or read book Radiological Dispersion Devices RDD written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radiological Dispersal Device Primer From A Terrorists Perspective written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiological weapons are a growing threat within the United States. Radiological Dispersal Devices (RDDs), or more commonly referred to as dirty bombs, offer terrorists a potential means to inflict major damage to the American economy and psyche. A RDD is defined as a weapon designed to disperse radioactive material over an area using either conventional explosives or more covert dispersion methods such as air currents. A RDD is considered by many experts to be a weapon of choice in that it offers the potential for 9/11-type returns for the relatively low-tech knowledge required to construct and deploy the weapon. It is clear the American public agrees the RDD threat is real based on the massive growth in information dedicated to the subject on the Internet. A simple Google search conducted in December 2007 incorporating the search term dirty bomb coupled with the year 1987 identified 26,200 hits. Ten years later, using the year 1997, identified twice as many hits - 56,600. Another search for 2005 and then 2006 identified 309,000 and 326,000 hits, respectively. In 2007, the number of hits jumps to 620,000. Clearly, a one year doubling of Internet information related to dirty bombs reveals a heightened awareness of the issue among the public. U.S. local, state and federal governments appear to agree based on efforts to fund and deploy radiation detection equipment, develop/implement consequence management plans and conduct large scale RDD exercises - all in 2007.

Download or read book The Scientific Basis for Communication about Events Involving Radiological Dispersion Devices written by American Nuclear Society and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radiological Dispersal Devices written by Dana A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radiological Dispersal Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of terrorist detonation of a dirty bomb, one type of radiological dispersal device (RDD), has focused public attention on efforts to counter use of this weapon. An RDD attack might cause casualties, economic damage, and, potentially, public panic, though experts disagree on the likely magnitude of each of these effects. The impact of an RDD attack would depend on many variables, such as meteorological conditions, type and amount of radiological material, duration of exposure, and method of dispersal. Issues of potential congressional interest include the level of federal funding for research and development of medical countermeasures against RDDs and the appropriateness of current standards for environmental decontamination following an RDD attack. This report will be updated as events warrant.

Download or read book Federal Response Assets for a Radioactive Dispersal Device Incident written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If a large scale RDD event where to occur in New York City, the magnitude of the problem would likely exceed the capabilities of City and State to effectively respond to the event. New York State could request Federal Assistance if the United States President has not already made the decision to provide it. The United States Federal Government has a well developed protocol to respond to emergencies. The National Response Framework (NRF) describes the process for responding to all types of emergencies including RDD incidents. Depending on the location and type of event, the NRF involves appropriate Federal Agencies, e.g., Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Energy (DOE), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), United States Coast Guard (USCG), Department of Defense (DOD), Department of Justice (DOJ), Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The Federal response to emergencies has been refined and improved over the last thirty years and has been tested on natural disasters (e.g. hurricanes and floods), man-made disasters (oil spills), and terrorist events (9/11). However, the system has never been tested under an actual RDD event. Drills have been conducted with Federal, State, and local agencies to examine the initial (early) phases of such an event (TopOff 2 and TopOff 4). The Planning Guidance for Protection and Recovery Following Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) and Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) incidents issued by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in August 2008 has never been fully tested in an interagency exercise. Recently, another exercise called Empire 09 that was situated in Albany, New York was conducted. Empire 09 consists of 3 different exercises be held in May and June, 2009. The first exercise, May 2009, involved a table top exercise for phase 1 (0-48 hours) of the response to an RDD incident. In early June, a full-scale 3- day exercise was conducted for the mid-phase response (48 hours +). A few weeks later, a one day full-scale exercise was conducted for the late phase (recovery) response to an RDD event. The lessons learned from this study are not available as of June 30, 2009. The objective of this report is to review and summarize anticipated Federal and State response actions and the roles and responsibilities of various agencies (DHS, EPA, DOE, NY-DEP, NY-DEC) with respect to decontamination issues that would arise from a radiological dispersion device (RDD), e.g., dirty bomb attack. These issues arise in the late phase of the response (48 hours and beyond) after the area has been stabilized and forensic information has been obtained. Much of the information provided in this report is taken directly from published guidance that is readily available.

Download or read book Dirty Bombs written by Jonathan Medalia and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress has long sought, through legislation and oversight, to protect the United States against terrorist threats, especially from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. Radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) are one type of CBRN weapon. Explosive-driven "dirty bombs" are an often-discussed type of RDD, though radioactive material can also be dispersed in other ways. This report provides background for understanding the RDD threat and responses, and presents issues for Congress. Appendices: Technical Background; Some U.S. Vulnerabilities to RDDS. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.

Download or read book Assessing the Dose After a Radiological Dispersal Device RDD Attack Using a Military Radiac Instrument written by Amy J. Eastburg and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detonation of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) may result in casualties receiving exposure of radioactive materials. Assessments of potentially contaminated personnel are necessary to determine the level of contamination received in order to prioritize and treat individuals. The use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and the number of orphan sources in deployed and combat areas such as Iraq, present an opportunity for terrorists to use an RDD against deployed ground forces. There is limited capability in Iraq to assess radiological casualties, as the process of obtaining and analyzing bioassays is time consuming and not readily available in country. Military units are equipped with AN/VDR-2 and AN/PDR-77 radiac detectors which are capable of detecting gamma radiation. Therefore, a study of the use of these radiac sets in assessing internal contamination was conducted. A model of the detector probe was created using the Los Alamos National Laboratory Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code, MCNP Version 5. This model was experimentally validated and used in conjunction with both reference male and reference female computational Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) phantoms to compute internal dose. The instrument model was evaluated at the following locations, the posterior upper right torso, the anterior upper right torso, the lateral upper left thigh and the anterior of the neck. Nuclides were distributed throughout the phantoms using the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Dose and Risk Calculation (DCAL) software for inhalation pathways. Based on the likelihood for use in RDDs and the capabilities of the instrument, Co-60, Cs-137 and Ir-192 were evaluated.

Download or read book The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism written by Charles D. Ferguson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism, a new book from the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, assesses the motivations and capabilities of terrorist organizations to acquire and use nuclear weapons, to fabricate and and detonate crude nuclear explosives, to strike nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities, and to build and employ radiological weapons or "dirty bombs."

Download or read book Rdd Radiological Dispersal Device written by Brant Cuger (author) and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Integrated Physical Dispersion and Behavioral Response Model for Risk Assessment of Radiological Dispersion Device RDD Events written by Matthew J. Dombroski and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A radiological dispersion device (RDD) or "dirty bomb" is a conventional explosive wrapped in radiological material. Terrorists may use an RDD to disperse radioactive material across a populated area, causing casualties and/or economic damage. Nearly all risk assessment models for RDDs make unrealistic assumptions about public behavior in their health assessments, including assumptions that the public would stand outside in a single location indefinitely. In this article, we describe an approach for assessing the risks of RDD events incorporating both physical dispersion and behavioral response variables. The general approach is tested using the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a case study. Atmospheric models simulate an RDD attack and its likely fallout, while radiation exposure models assess fatal cancer risk. We model different geographical distributions of the population based on time of day. We evaluate aggregate health impacts for different public responses (i.e., sheltering-in-place, evacuating). We find that current RDD models in use can be improved with the integration of behavioral components. Using the results from the model, we show how risk varies across several behavioral and physical variables. We show that the best policy to recommend to the public depends on many different variables, such as the amount of trauma at ground zero, the capability of emergency responders to get trauma victims to local hospitals quickly and efficiently, how quickly evacuations can take place in the city, and the amount of shielding available for shelterers. Using a parametric analysis, we develop behaviorally realistic risk assessments, we identify variables that can affect an optimal risk reduction policy, and we find that decision making can be improved by evaluating the tradeoff between trauma and cancer fatalities for various RDD scenarios before they occur.

Download or read book Radiological Dispersal Device Preparedness RDD written by Executive Office of the President and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Framework for Risk Assessment of Radiological Dispersion Device RDD Events written by Matthew Dombroski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estimating the Radiation Dose to Emergency Room Personnel in an Event of a Radiological Dispersal Device Explosion written by Ashby H. Bridges and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) is any device that releases radioactive material into the environment (e.g. Dirty Bomb). Depending on the size of the explosion, location, and the weather conditions the affected area could be several city blocks. In such an event there could be hundreds, even thousands of contaminated victims seeking medical treatment. One concern in the healthcare industry is the uncertainty of the level of radiation exposure to the healthcare providers from these contaminated patients. The intention of this study is to estimate the levels of skin contamination for victims arriving at the hospital needing conventional medical treatment. Given a skin contamination of the victim the effective dose rate to the healthcare providers can be estimated in certain scenarios. The effective dose rate will determine how long the healthcare provider would be able to care for the victims.

Download or read book Radiation Source Use and Replacement written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-05-25 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States there are several thousand devices containing high-activity radiation sources licensed for use in areas ranging from medical uses such as cancer therapy to safety uses such as testing of structures and industrial equipment. Those radiation sources are licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state agencies. Concerns have been raised about the safety and security of the radiation sources, particularly amid fears that they could be used to create dirty bombs, or radiological dispersal device (RDD). In response to a request from Congress, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission asked the National Research Council to conduct a study to review the uses of high-risk radiation sources and the feasibility of replacing them with lower risk alternatives. The study concludes that the U.S. government should consider factors such as potential economic consequences of misuse of the radiation sources into its assessments of risk. Although the committee found that replacements of most sources are possible, it is not economically feasible in some cases. The committee recommends that the U.S. government take steps to in the near term to replace radioactive cesium chloride radiation sources, a potential "dirty bomb" ingredient used in some medical and research equipment, with lower-risk alternatives. The committee further recommends that longer term efforts be undertaken to replace other sources. The book presents a number of options for making those replacements.

Download or read book Prevention Mitigation and Recovery from a Radiological Dispersion Device in an Outdoor Urban Sporting Venue written by Jason Matthew Hollern and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The prevention, mitigation, and recovery from an RDD in an outdoor urban sporting venue are investigated. Prevention consists of an organization of agencies involved. Eight agencies were identified. Radiological detection equipment necessary to prevent and interdict radioactive materials entering the vicinity of the venue are also identified. Criteria for selection and use of each detector type are presented. Mitigation strategies and tactics are presented to limit and reduce the consequences of an RDD detonation. These include signal jamming, containment, etc. The phases of recovery are investigated. Early phase recovery consists of situation assessment and decontamination of people. Intermediate and late phases consist of decontamination of property, land, and the environment. Planning and training are a critical aspect. The standards and criteria for nuclear power plant emergency preparedness should be adapted to homeland security philosophy. A vehicle-borne RDD scenario with 24,000 Curies of Cs-137 and 1,000 pounds of TNT equivalent was modeled with HOTSPOT. If having to abide by NRC regulations of 25 mrem!yr dose limits from ground shine, decontamination would be mandatory to 44 miles from the detonation site. Whole body radiation doses warrant concern, but long term health effects may be hard to quantify. Psychological and economical impacts would be of great concern.