Download or read book Radioactivity Released from Underground Nuclear Detonations written by Joseph B. Knox and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Underground Nuclear Detonations written by Gerald W. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Radiochemical and Physical Measurements of Debris from an Underground Nuclear Detonation written by W. B. Lane and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fallout samples were collected from 2600 feet to 19,000 feet from ground zero in order to determine the mass per unit area, gamma activity per unit area, particle size distribution and specific activity versus particle size of the fallout; to determine the gamma decay rate and spectra of the samples; to perform leaching and exchange studies on the radioactive debris; to measure the release of gaseous fission product iodine; and to determine the radiochemical composition of the fallout particulate. (Author).
Download or read book United States Nuclear Tests written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by name all nuclear tests and simultaneous detonations conducted by the United States from July 1945 through September 1992. Two nuclear weapons that the United States exploded over Japan ending World War II are not listed. These detonations were not "tests" in the sense that they were conducted to prove that the weapon would work as designed (as was the first test near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945), or to advance nuclear weapon design, or to determine weapons effects, or to verify weapon safety as were the more than one thousand tests that have taken place since June 30,1946. The nuclear weapon (nicknamed "Little Boy") dropped August 6,1945 from a United States Army Air Force B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) and detonated over Hiroshima, Japan had an energy yield equivalent to that of 15,000 tons of TNT. The nuclear weapon (virtually identical to "Fat Man") exploded in a similar fashion August 9, 1945 over Nagaski, Japan had a yield of 21,000 tons of TNT. Both detonations were intended to end World War II as quickly as possible. Data on United States tests were obtained from, and verified by, the U.S. Department of Energy's three weapons laboratories -- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Additionally, data were obtained from public announcements issued by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and its successors, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively.
Download or read book Health Effects of Underground Nuclear Tests written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-01 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.
Download or read book Summary Information on Accidental Releases of Radioactive Effluent to the Atmosphere from Underground Nuclear Detonations Designed for Containment August 5 1963 June 30 1971 written by Robert Edward Allen and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactivity Associated with Underground Nuclear Explosions written by Roger E. Batzel and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detonation of a contained or partially contained nuclear explosion is accompanied by the deposition of a large fraction of the energy in the form of high temperature, high pressure regions. The nature of the surrounding medium, the time -temperature history, and the time of cavity collapse or venting determine the extent to which undesirable nuclides such as Sr 90 and Cs 137 will appear outside a fused insoluble matrix and be available to ground water or to the atmosphere. The movement of these undesirable radioactivities relative to the ground water movement can be predicted on the basis of measured K(d) (distribution coefficients) for the radioactivities in the medium. The induced radioactivities are a 20 to 25% contribution to the fission product radioactivity at times the order of one day, a 1% contribution at about 1 week, decreasing to 0.1% at about 45 days, increasing to about 2% because of the Co 60 for a period of 3 to 15 years.
Download or read book Effects of Nuclear Earth Penetrator and Other Weapons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-06 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status, however, many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons (EPW). Recently, an engineering feasibility study, the robust nuclear earth penetrator program, was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about, among other things, the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue, the Congress, in P.L. 107-314, directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations, the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions.
Download or read book The Underground Nuclear Detonation of September 19 1957 Rainier Operation Plumbbob written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Underground Nuclear Test Programs FY 1972 written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactivity in Contained Underground Nuclear Explosions written by Yu. A. Izrael and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety of Underground Nuclear Testing written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Nevada Operations Office and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Discussions of Offsite Safety Programs for Underground Nuclear Detonations written by Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Co. Administrative Publications Section and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial and Scientific Applications of Nuclear Explosions written by Gerald White Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiological Criteria for Underground Nuclear Tests written by J. S. Malik and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radiological criteria for the conduct of nuclear tests have undergone many revisions with the current criteria being 0.17 rad for uncontrolled populations and 0.5 rad for controllable populations. Their effect upon operations at the Nevada Test Site and the current off-site protective plans are reviewed for areas surrounding the Site. The few accidental releases that have occurred are used to establish estimates of probability of release and of hazard to the population. These are then put into context by comparing statistical data on other accidents and cataclysms. The guidelines established by DOE Manual Chapter MC-0524 have never been exceeded during the entire underground nuclear test program. The probability of real hazard to off-site populations appears to be sufficiently low as not to cause undue concern to the citizenry.
