Download or read book RADIATION PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HANDLING OF THE ACTINIDE ELEMENTS written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hazards connected with the handling of actinide elements are surveyed. Emphasis is placed on Th, U, Np, and Pu. It is pointed out that the chemical toxicity of the actinides is usually minor when compared with radiochemi cal toxicity. Inhalation and ingestion are the important routes of entry but direct injection into the blood stream through wounds also requires consideration. Special enclosures, such as glove boxes, function primarily to minimize the risk of inhalation and aid in confinement. The external hazard from actinide elements, primarily due to gamma and fast neutron emission, varies considerably with the element and its source. Irradiated actinides, such as Th and Pu, usually show an increase in the external hazard from gamma radiation with extent of irradiation. (C.H.).
Download or read book Radiation Problems Associated with the Handling of the Actinide Elements written by Martin J. Steindler and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hazards connected with the handling of actinide elements are surveyed. Emphasis is placed on Thorium, Uranium, Neptunium, and Plutonium. It is pointed out that the chemical toxicity of the actinides is usually minor when compared with radiochemical toxicity. Inhalation and ingestion are the important routes of entry but direct injection into the blood stream through wounds also requires consideration. Special enclosures, such as glove boxes, function primarily to minimize the risk of inhalation and aid in confinement. The external hazard from actinide elements, primarily due to gamma and fast neutron emission, varies considerably with the element and its source. Irradiated actinides, such as Thorium and Plutonium, usually show an increase in the external hazard from gamma radiation with extent of irradiation.
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry written by T. T.. Sugihara and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha Emitters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes hazards from radon progeny and other alpha-emitters that humans may inhale or ingest from their environment. In their analysis, the authors summarize in one document clinical and epidemiological evidence, the results of animal studies, research on alpha-particle damage at the cellular level, metabolic pathways for internal alpha-emitters, dosimetry and microdosimetry of radionuclides deposited in specific tissues, and the chemical toxicity of some low-specific-activity alpha-emitters. Techniques for estimating the risks to humans posed by radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters are offered, along with a discussion of formulas, models, methods, and the level of uncertainty inherent in the risk estimates.
Download or read book Measurement of Plutonium and Other Actinide Elements at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry a Comparative Assessments of Competing Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-level measurements of the long-lived actinide isotopes have a number of important applications throughout the DOE complex. These include radiobioassay programs, environmental assessments, characterization of radioactive wastes, evaluation of waste storage and treatment options, environmental remediation, basic research in chemistry and geochemistry, and other specialized non- proliferation and national security applications. As an example, it has been estimated that for the next few decades more than 1 million radiochemical analyses per year will be needed in support of US efforts to remediate the legacy of radioactive waste generated by weapons production and the nuclear power industry (Crain, 1996). Traditional radiometric counting methods do not have sufficient sensitivity to address many of these requirements. There is also a growing need to evaluate and monitor exposures to DOE workers involved in decommissioning, environmental management and/or remediation of contaminated sites and facilities. Quantitative measurements based on low-level detection techniques are of particular interest in the validation of radionuclide transport models and improving radiation dosimetry/risk estimates. Quantitative data and information are required to assess the potential health-effects of exposures occurring under special conditions (e.g., resuspension/inhalation of high-specific activity particles), of inhomogeneous radiation exposure and assessment of associated dose distributions to different parts of the body/tissue, of low dose exposure, and to validate and/or develop new and improved dosimetry models. Atom counting technology has now developed sufficiently to provide substantially better sensitivity than ionizing radiation detectors for selected long- lived radionuclides. Clearly the development of a robust, high-throughput, highly sensitive actinide measurement capability based on this new technology would have broad and sustainable impact on a range of DOE initiatives. One potential measurement technique for meeting these requirements is accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). AMS is a widely accepted analytical technique for measurement of isotopes such as 14 C, 26 Al, 36 Cl (Vogel et al., 1995) but has only recently been demonstrated for the quantitative detection of actinides (Fifield et al., 1996). The Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) operates the most versatile and most productive AMS instrument in the world (Roberts et al., 1996). The addition of a Heavy Ion Beamline and associated hardware for actinide detection are in an advanced stage of development. Detection limits for actinide elements are expected to be on the order of 1 ́10 6 atoms (0.5 fg) or lower with an initial measurement capacity of a few hundred samples per year. The ultimate detection sensitivity is expected to be1 ́10 5 atoms. Here we provide a review of non-conventional measurement techniquesÑincluding AMSÑfor the determination of low-levels of 239 Pu and other actinide elements in environmental samples. We include a discussion of potential measurement interferences and sample preparation requirements for the different techniques, and outline our proposed AMS system design and strategic approach for the development of low-level actinide detection capability at CAMS.
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 1 comprises a selection of the papers presented at the 2nd UN Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy held in Geneva.
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry written by John K. Gibson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of contemporary actinide research that focuses on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between these two realms Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry offers a comprehensive review of the key aspects of actinide research. Written by noted experts in the field, the text includes information on new advances in experiment and theory and reveals the interplay between these two realms. The authors offer a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to the nature of actinide chemistry, and explore the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry. The text covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques. The authors provide contemporary overviews of each topic area presented and describe the current and anticipated experimental approaches for the field, as well as the current and future computational chemistry and materials techniques. In addition, the authors explore the combination of experiment and theory. This important resource: Provides an essential resource the reviews the key aspects of contemporary actinide research Includes information on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between the two Covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques Focuses on the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry Written for academics, students, professionals and researchers, this vital text contains a thorough review of the key aspects of actinide research and explores the most recent advances in experiment and theory.
Download or read book Public Health Engineering Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd ed Volumes 1 5 written by L.R. Morss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 4059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements is a contemporary and definitive compilation of chemical properties of all of the actinide elements, especially of the technologically important elements uranium and plutonium, as well as the transactinide elements. In addition to the comprehensive treatment of the chemical properties of each element, ion, and compound from atomic number 89 (actinium) through to 109 (meitnerium), this multi-volume work has specialized and definitive chapters on electronic theory, optical and laser fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, organoactinide chemistry, thermodynamics, magnetic properties, the metals, coordination chemistry, separations, and trace analysis. Several chapters deal with environmental science, safe handling, and biological interactions of the actinide elements. The Editors invited teams of authors, who are active practitioners and recognized experts in their specialty, to write each chapter and have endeavoured to provide a balanced and insightful treatment of these fascinating elements at the frontier of the periodic table. Because the field has expanded with new spectroscopic techniques and environmental focus, the work encompasses five volumes, each of which groups chapters on related topics. All chapters represent the current state of research in the chemistry of these elements and related fields.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins written by Robert H. Kretsinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In biochemistry, a metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal cofactor. The metal may be an isolated ion or may be coordinated with a nonprotein organic compound, such as the porphyrin found in hemoproteins. In some cases, the metal is co-coordinated with a side chain of the protein and an inorganic nonmetallic ion. This kind of protein-metal-nonmetal structure is seen in iron-sulfur clusters Metalloproteins deals with all aspects related to the intracellular and extracellular metal-binding proteins, including their structures, properties and functions. The biological roles of metal cations and metal-binding proteins are endless. They are involved in all crucial cellular activities. Many pathological conditions are related to the problematic metal metabolism. Research in metalloprotein-related topics is therefore rapidly growing, and different aspects of metal-binding proteins progressively enter curricula at Universities and even at the High School level on occasion. However, no key resource providing basic, but comprehensible knowledge on this rapidly expanding field exists. The Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins aims to bridge this gap, and will attempt to cover various aspects of metalloprotein/metalloproteomics and will deal with the different issues related to the intracellular and extracellular metal-binding proteins, including their structures, properties and functions. The goal is to cover exhaustively all catalytically and biologically crucial metal ions and to find at least one interacting protein for other metal ions. The Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins will provide a key resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, instructors, and professors interested in protein science, biochemistry, cell biology, and genetics.
Download or read book Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry written by Gregory Choppin and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2002 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origin of Nuclear Science; Nuclei, Isotopes and Isotope Separation; Nuclear Mass and Stability; Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay; Radionuclides in Nature; Absorption of Nuclear Radiation; Radiation Effects on Matter; Detection and Measurement Techniques; Uses of Radioactive Tracers; Cosmic Radiation and Elementary Particles; Nuclear Structure; Energetics of Nuclear Reactions; Particle Accelerators; Mechanics and Models of Nuclear Reactions; Production of Radionuclides; The Transuranium Elements; Thermonuclear Reactions: the Beginning and the Future; Radiation Biology and Radiation Protection; Principles of Nuclear Power; Nuclear Power Reactors; Nuclear Fuel Cycle; Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment; Appendices; Solvent Extraction Separations; Answers to Exercises; Isotope Chart; Periodic Table of the Elements; Quantities and Units; Fundamental Constants; Energy Conversion Factors; Element and Nuclide Index; Subject Index.
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Division Research Highlights written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sources Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2016 Report written by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.
Download or read book Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds written by Sergey Krivovichev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds is a collection of 13 reviews on structural and coordination chemistry of actinide compounds. Within the last decade, these compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their importance for radioactive waste management, catalysis, ion-exchange and absorption applications, etc. Synthetic and natural actinide compounds are also of great environmental concern as they form as a result of alteration of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste under Earth surface conditions, during burn-up of nuclear fuel in reactors, represent oxidation products of uranium miles and mine tailings, etc. The actinide compounds are also of considerable interest to material scientists due to the unique electronic properties of actinides that give rise to interesting physical properties controlled by the structural architecture of respective compounds. The book provides both general overview and review of recent developments in the field, including such emergent topics as nanomaterials and nanoparticles and their relevance to the transfer of actinides under environmental conditions. * Covers over 2,000 actinide compounds including materials, minerals and coordination polymers* Summarizes recent achievements in the field* Some chapters reveal (secret) advances made by the Soviet Union during the 'Cold war'
Download or read book A Compendium of Radiation Safety Information about Plutonium written by F. P. Marchetti and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication summarizes selected radiation-safety information pertaining to plutonium and presents it in a convenient reference form for personnel working with the element.
Download or read book Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry written by Royal Institute of Chemistry and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-06 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
