Download or read book Radiation Efficiency of Balanced Passive UHF RFID Dipole Tag Antennas written by Eveliina Koski and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RFID is a technology for wireless identification of objects. More recently, much attention is paid to application areas within biomedical engineering, in which wearable tags for on-body use could provide real-time remote bio-monitoring of humans. New types of antenna materials and antenna structures are emerging to fulfil the requirements encountered within the new RFID application areas. Tag designs where the tag antenna structure is formed from conductive ink or conductive threads have been proposed as competitive materials to conventional etched copper. The new materials used to form the complex antenna materials are challenging to model accurately. In this book, a novel radiation efficiency measurement method is developed and verified for measurement of passive UHF RFID dipole tag antennas. The measurement method provides a powerful tool for characterisation of complex antenna material structures losses in practise. The acquired information can be used to optimise tag antenna material structures and to improve tag antenna performance and reliability, which is crucial for widespread use of RFID to become reality.

Download or read book Design and Optimization of Passive UHF RFID Systems written by Jari-Pascal Curty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-18 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) stores and retrieves data using devices called RFID tags: objects attached to or incorporated into a product, animal or person which communicate with an RFID reader or interrogator. This book proposes a linear two-port model for an N-stage modified-Greinacher full wave rectifier, predicting the overall conversion efficiency at low power levels where the diodes are operating near their threshold voltage. Included is an experimental procedure to measure how impedance modulation in the tag affects the signal at the reader, and a useful tool for choosing the most appropriate impedances.

Download or read book Antenna Design Solutions for RFID Tags Based on Metamaterial Inspired Resonators and Other Resonant Structures written by Simone Zuffanelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes innovative design solutions for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and antennas. Focusing mainly on passive ultra-high-frequency (UHF)-RFID tag antennas, it examines novel approaches based on the use of metamaterial-inspired resonators and other resonant structures as radiating elements. It also offers an exhaustive analysis of the radiation properties of several metamaterial-inspired resonators such as the split ring resonator (SRR) and related structures. Further, it discusses in detail an innovative technology for the RFID tagging of optical discs, which has demonstrated a significant improvement over the state of the art and resulted in a patent. By covering the entire research cycle of theory, design/simulation and fabrication/evaluation of RFID tags and antennas, while also reporting on cutting-edge technologies, the book provides graduate students, researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive and timely overview of RFID systems, and a closer look at several radiating structures.

Download or read book RFID Systems written by Miodrag Bolic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an insight into the 'hot' field of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems In this book, the authors provide an insight into the field of RFID systems with an emphasis on networking aspects and research challenges related to passive Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID systems. The book reviews various algorithms, protocols and design solutions that have been developed within the area, including most recent advances. In addition, authors cover a wide range of recognized problems in RFID industry, striking a balance between theoretical and practical coverage. Limitations of the technology and state-of-the-art solutions are identified and new research opportunities are addressed. Finally, the book is authored by experts and respected researchers in the field and every chapter is peer reviewed. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive analysis of networking aspects of RFID systems, including tag identification protocols and reader anti-collision algorithms Covers in detail major research problems of passive UHF systems such as improving reading accuracy, reading range and throughput Analyzes other "hot topics" including localization of passive RFID tags, energy harvesting, simulator and emulator design, security and privacy Discusses design of tag antennas, tag and reader circuits for passive UHF RFID systems Presents EPCGlobal architecture framework, middleware and protocols Includes an accompanying website with PowerPoint slides and solutions to the problems http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~mbolic/RFIDBook/ This book will be an invaluable guide for researchers and graduate students in electrical engineering and computer science, and researchers and developers in telecommunication industry.

Download or read book Multi dimensional Ultra high Frequency Passive Radio Frequency Identification Tag Antenna Designs written by Stefanie Alkistis Delichatsios and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we present the design, simulation, and empirical evaluation of two novel multi-dimensional ultra-high frequency (UHF) passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas, the Albano-Dipole antenna and the Albano-Patch antenna, that provide omnidirectional communication capabilities. The performance of a passive UHF RFID tag is highly dependent upon the tag's antenna design, the tag's placement on an item, the materials in the item, and the item's surrounding environment. The majority of existing commercial tag antennas are two-dimensional making the tags a) orientation-sensitive, working well in some directions and not at all in others, and b) susceptible to communication interference from the contents of the tagged object. The Albano antenna designs are three-dimensional, affording the tags to be minimally affected by object material while maintaining near omnidirectional performance. The Albano antenna designs provide significantly improved orientation insensitivity compared with existing widely deployed commercial tag antenna designs.

Download or read book Solutions for Hard to tag Objects in UHF RFID Systems written by Zhonghao Hu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an auto-identification technology realised by radio waves. The ultimate goal of RFID is the item-level tagging of all kinds of products in supply chains. This goal challenges industry and academia in many aspects. Passive UHF RFID systems, when compared with other RFID systems, are believed to possess advantages in achieving that goal. However, UHF RFID systems possess two serious disadvantages: (i) the relatively large antenna size, and (ii) the sensitiveness to the metallic items on which a tag is mounted. Those two deficiencies make a large number of small size objects and metallic objects hard to tag. In addition, different applications also bring special requirements or limitations in adopting UHF RFID systems, such as in the case of a container seal, the requirement for tags to have a physical security function, and in other cases such as pallet shipping, the requirement for detecting massive numbers of items densely stacked together. Finally, of course, cost is one of the key limitations if one intends to apply his or her design down to item-level tagging commercially. Hence each of the inherent deficiencies of the system itself and the limitations caused by the application, or a combination of all or some of the deficiencies and limitations make a large number of items hard to tag and impedes the item-level tagging target. The research in this thesis aims, by antenna design and electromagnetic wave analysis, to provide feasible and affordable solutions for some of those hard-to-tag objects in UHF RFID systems, and the thesis can be divided into five parts. In detail, the first part of the thesis gives the motivations, contributions and structure of this thesis. In addition it also provides a brief introduction to RFID systems and about how they are operated, developed, classified, regulated and standardised. The second part of this thesis presents basic terminologies and design criteria in tag antenna design, transponder IC design and reader design. Factors which limit the operating range of UHF RFID systems are discussed. Following this discussion, a novel method making use of a scattering matrix for evaluating the operating range of a UHF RFID system deployed in an arbitrary environment is proposed. In the third part, concerning the meander line dipole antenna (MDA), one of the approaches to minimising tag antenna size is analysed in terms of its resonant frequency, size reduction contributors, radiation pattern and efficiency. An analytic formula for calculating the resonant frequency of an MDA on a dielectric substrate as an RFID tag antenna is established. Based on the analysis, a novel tag antenna with a physical security function (an electronic seal) for protecting shipping containers was designed and experimentally verified. The fourth part of this thesis puts emphasis on metallic item detection. The reason of why common dipole based tag antennas cannot work well in close proximity to metal is given. Previous solutions and their own demerits in solving this problem are summarised. Then, a low profile, simple structure, compact size solution is introduced via the artificial magnetic conductor concept. Furthermore, a general DVD disc contains a very thin metal layer inside for the purpose of reflecting laser. That layer may not bring many troubles in identifying a single DVD by a UHF RFID system, but if thousands of DVDs were stacked, the role the metal component plays in degrading the detection of each DVD in the stack should be investigated. An approach in detecting a large number of DVDs (up to 2000) densely stacked is thus presented. Conclusions of the work in this thesis are drawn as the last part of the thesis. Besides conclusions the last part also includes some recommendations for future work and the description of the original contributions of this thesis. The potential benefits of item-level tagging in supply chains are enormous. The existence of a large number of hard-to-tag objects is one of the main challenges in achieving item-level tagging. The studies in this thesis extend the scope of the detectable objects and this extension makes item-level tagging more realisable.

Download or read book Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications written by Stevan Preradovic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-03-22 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a modern wireless data transmission and reception technique for applications including automatic identification, asset tracking and security surveillance. This book focuses on the advances in RFID tag antenna and ASIC design, novel chipless RFID tag design, security protocol enhancements along with some novel applications of RFID.

Download or read book Design and Optimization of Passive UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Mounting on Or Inside Material Layers written by Shuai Shao and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a first step, the effects of dielectric materials on an antenna's impedance match and radiation pattern are investigated. The detuning effect is quantified based on the theoretical frequency scaling and effective permittivity of a dielectric material of finite thickness. Using simple formulas, the operational range of a tag can be predicted without intensive full-wave simulations of different materials. Next, a spectral domain Green's function is applied to compute the antenna pattern when the tag is mounted on or inside a layered medium. The optimal placement of the tag is found based on the focusing effect that the material has on the gain pattern of the antenna. For tires, the steel ply in the sidewall of a tire looks like a periodic wire grating. The performance of an antenna placed close to a wire grating is predicted using Floquet theory. The results indicate that steel plies embedded in the tire can be utilized as a reflector to further focus the gain pattern and increase the read range of a tag. Using these design tools and theoretical analysis, several broadband RFID tag antennas are designed for multi-layered materials. A novel stretchable conductive textile (E-fiber) based tag antenna is also developed for placement in elastic materials. Prototype antennas are fabricated and embedded in a tire during the tire manufacturing process. Experimental results indicate that tags with the new antennas achieve significant improvement compared with commercially available tags.

Download or read book The RF in RFID written by Daniel Dobkin and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how UHF tags and readers communicate wirelessly. It gives an understanding of what limits the read range of a tag, how to increase it (and why that might result in breaking the law), and the practical things that need to be addressed when designing and implementing RFID technology. Avoiding heavy math but giving breadth of coverage with the right amount of detail, it is an ideal introduction to radio communications for engineers who need insight into how tags and readers work. New to this edition: • Examples of near-metal antenna techniques • Discussion of the wakeup challenge for battery-assisted tags, with a BAT architecture example • Latest development of protocols: EPC Gen 1.2.0 • Update 18000-6 discussion with battery-assisted tags, sensor tags, Manchester tags and wakeup provisions - Named a 2012 Notable Computer Book for Computer Systems Organization by Computing Reviews - The only book to give an understanding of radio communications, the underlying technology for radio frequency identification (RFID) - Praised for its readability and clarity, it balances breadth and depth of coverage - New edition includes latest developments in chip technology, antennas and protocols

Download or read book Radio Frequency Identification Antennas written by Hend Abd-El Azem Malhat and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book introduces a design of different antennas for RFID tag and readers. A fractal dipole antenna for passive UHF RFID applications has been proposed. The antenna is simple and has good impedance matching with the chip impedance. A curved dual-band ring dielectric resonator tag antenna has been presented. The radiation characteristics and backscattering from the tag antenna in free space, mounted on cylindrical bottle and mounted on spherical bottle have been considered. The book proposes and studies the parameters of an OFHA for handheld UHF RFID reader. an elliptical dielectric resonator antenna fed by single feed with rectangular ground is proposed for radio frequency identification (RFID) reader operating at center frequency of 5.8 GHz.The effects of the presence of portable reader device and human hand on the radiation characteristics of the antenna are investigated.An 8x8 NF-focused EDRA phased array for fixed RFID reader applications is investigated. The NF-focused array introduces a focused spot area with diameter of 13.7 cm and SLL of -16 dB so representing a valuable solution in realistic applications."

Download or read book Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering written by H. S. Saini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of the best research papers presented at the 8th International Conference on Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering at Guru Nanak Institutions Hyderabad, India. Featuring contributions by researchers, technocrats and experts, the book covers various areas of communication engineering, like signal processing, VLSI design, embedded systems, wireless communications, and electronics and communications in general, as well as cutting-edge technologies. As such, it is a valuable reference resource for young researchers.

Download or read book RFID Design Principles written by Harvey Lehpamer and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2012 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition features numerous updates and new and expanded material on emerging topics such as the medical applications of RFID and new ethical challenges in the field. Offering a detailed understanding of RFID design essentials, key applications, and important management issues, it explores the role of RFID technology in supply chain management, intelligent building design, transportation systems, military applications, and numerous other applications, and explains the design of RFID circuits, antennas, interfaces, data encoding schemes, and complete systems. Starting with the basics of RF and microwave propagation, discusses major system components including tags and readers. This hands-on reference distills the latest RFID standards, and examines RFID at work in supply chain management, intelligent buildings, intelligent transportation systems, and tracking animals. RFID is controversial among privacy and consumer advocates, and this book looks at every angle concerning security, ethics, and protecting consumer data

Download or read book RFID written by V. Daniel Hunt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-13 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to RFID technology. It describes and addresses the following: How RFID works, how it is and can be used in current and future applications. The History of RFID technology, the current state of practice and where RFID is expected to be taken in the future. The role of middleware software to route data between the RFID network and the information technology systems within an organization. Commercial and government use of RFID technology with an emphasis on a wide range of applications including retail and consumer packaging, transportation and distribution of products, industrial and manufacturing operations, security and access control. Industry standards and the regulatory compliance environment and finally, the privacy issues faced by the public and industry regarding the deployment of RFID technology.

Download or read book Passive UHF RFID Tag Antenna Design Using Graphite based Conductive Papers written by Michael Kurz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems has led to the annual production of RFID tags in the billions. Two graphite-based solutions developed at the Limerick Pulp and Paper Research Centre (LPPRC) were identified as possible candidates to achieve a more environmentally conscious tag with less complex manufacturing methods compared to what is currently available on the market. These materials are almost entirely composed of carbon and can be formed onto a biodegradable paper substrate using relatively simple methods. The materials’ intrinsic properties are characterized and a simulation profile is created to aid in the design of an optimized tag antenna. Conductivities of 600 S/m and 39,000 S/m are measured for the two graphite-ink and exfoliated-graphite based papers, respectively. Anechoic chamber read range measurements are performed using a commercial RFID reader. Maximum theoretical read ranges for prototype tags built using graphite-ink and exfoliated-graphite based papers are found to be 2.26 m and 6.83 m, respectively. Comparison of graphite-based tag prototypes and a commercial tag suggests that they are suitable for applications where the benefits of manufacturability and bio-degradability outweigh the disadvantage of a large antenna footprint. Six total designs with varying read ranges, complexities, sizes, and materials are found.

Download or read book Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook written by Kyohei Fujimoto and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2008 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively revised and expanded edition of the Artech bestseller Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook puts the very latest technologies, design and analysis procedures, and applications at your command. It features all-new chapters on smart antennas, MIMO systems, and antennas for recently deployed mobile systems such as RFID, UWB, and terrestrial digital TV broadcasting, and provides a wealth of problem-solving guidance for tackling everything from propagation obstacles to SAR safety issues. Like the previous editions, this ultimate one-stop reference is designed to save you a mountain of work. You get hands-on expertise for every type of mobile antenna base station and terminal system, including its theory of operation, application strengths and weaknesses, performance characteristics, design procedures, analysis techniques, and optimization methods, complete with examples and worked-out calculations at every step. The material is further clarified with 567 diagrams, charts, and photos, bringing mobile antenna selection, design, and construction into clear focus. What's more, this resource includes a detailed glossary of antennas and their applications to help you zero in on the right antenna for any job with a flip of the page. From integrating MIMO antennas into handsets, to expanding system capacities with smart antennas, this information-packed resource helps you evaluate design and configuration options, locate crucial data and calculations, perform key analyses, and solve challenges standing in the way of your desired results. It serves as an indispensable reference, helping you design more powerful, versatile, and compact wireless mobile antenna systems.

Download or read book Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications written by Cristina Turcu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, entitled Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications, Bringing Research to Practice, bridges the gap between theory and practice and brings together a variety of research results and practical solutions in the field of RFID. The book is a rich collection of articles written by people from all over the world: teachers, researchers, engineers, and technical people with strong background in the RFID area. Developed as a source of information on RFID technology, the book addresses a wide audience including designers for RFID systems, researchers, students and anyone who would like to learn about this field. At this point I would like to express my thanks to all scientists who were kind enough to contribute to the success of this project by presenting numerous technical studies and research results. However, we couldn’t have published this book without the effort of InTech team. I wish to extend my most sincere gratitude to InTech publishing house for continuing to publish new, interesting and valuable books for all of us.

Download or read book Low Cost Passive UHF RFID Tag Antenna Based Sensors for Pervasive Sensing Applications written by Rahul Bhattacharyya and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the future, large-scale sensor deployment would enable many areas such as infrastructure condition monitoring and supply chain management. However, many of today's wireless sensor technologies are still too expensive to meet this need. Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) offers good potential for the development of pervasive sensors: RFID tags have a proven track record of large-scale, highly integrated deployment for object identification in the retail and consumer goods industry. Furthermore, the last decade has seen much progress in making RFID a reliable, standardized wireless communication medium with the ability to mass produce low-cost RFID tags. My thesis introduces the concept of RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensing (RFID TABS). In this approach, a change in the sensed parameter of interest induces a controlled change in the geometry or boundary conditions of an RFID tag's antenna. The resultant change in the tag's response signal can then be detected by an RFID reader. My approach builds upon current developments in RFID technology. For instance, the manufacturing techniques for the mass production of low-cost RFID tags can be used for pervasive tag-sensor development. My thesis examines TABS in a two-pronged approach: First, I demonstrate how three fundamental tag and reader signal properties can be used for sensing and propose three classes of TABS: -- Amplitude Modifying (AM) TABS use RFID reader transmitted power and tag response power for sensing. I illustrate proof of concept using a displacement sensor. I demonstrate that both these power metrics can be used to reliably measure structural displacement to a precision of 2.5 mm using commercial RFID tags. -- Frequency Modifying (FM) TABS relate changes in the sensed parameter to a shift in the tag's optimal operating frequency - the carrier frequency for which the tag is best tuned to respond to the reader. I demonstrate proof of concept using a temperature threshold sensor - the crossing of a design temperature threshold results in a shift in the sensor's optimal operating frequency. I demonstrate that the sensor works reliably over a 3 m read range and in different environmental conditions. -- Phase Modifying (PM) TABS use tag backscatter phase for sensing. I provide a brief summary of the factors influencing RF phase and outline the design for a PM TABS fluid level sensor that uses RFID tag response phase to detect the presence or absence of fluid in a beverage glass. I highlight the challenges in the practical implementation of this approach by demonstrating the sensitivity of RFID tag phase to three extraneous factors. Second, I introduce the concept of Non-Electric Memory to record short timescale threshold crossovers in the sensed parameter that may occur when the tag-sensor is unpowered. When information about, rather than the exact time of, the threshold occurrence is sufficient, non-electric memory provides a solution. I demonstrate how non-electric memory can be integrated into sensor design at minimal added cost. In the proof of concept of a temperature threshold sensor, I design a thermally actuated shape memory polymer switch to permanently change the electrical properties of an RFID tag when the temperature threshold is crossed. I demonstrate that the design works reliably over a read range of 3 m and is independent of the material on which the sensor is deployed. In summary, this thesis demonstrates how an RFID tag can be adapted for low cost, pervasive sensing. Sensor prototypes illustrate proof of concept in three application areas. Extensions to two other applications are also discussed.