Download or read book Speech to Speech Translation written by Yutaka Kidawara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the readers with retrospective and prospective views with detailed explanations of component technologies, speech recognition, language translation and speech synthesis. Speech-to-speech translation system (S2S) enables to break language barriers, i.e., communicate each other between any pair of person on the glove, which is one of extreme dreams of humankind. People, society, and economy connected by S2S will demonstrate explosive growth without exception. In 1986, Japan initiated basic research of S2S, then the idea spread world-wide and were explored deeply by researchers during three decades. Now, we see S2S application on smartphone/tablet around the world. Computational resources such as processors, memories, wireless communication accelerate this computation-intensive systems and accumulation of digital data of speech and language encourage recent approaches based on machine learning. Through field experiments after long research in laboratories, S2S systems are being well-developed and now ready to utilized in daily life. Unique chapter of this book is end-2-end evaluation by comparing system’s performance and human competence. The effectiveness of the system would be understood by the score of this evaluation. The book will end with one of the next focus of S2S will be technology of simultaneous interpretation for lecture, broadcast news and so on.

Download or read book Population and the World Bank written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the Bank's activities in the population sector by reviewing its role in eight countries. It begins by asking what demographic and related socio-economic changes have occurred since about 1968 when the Bank announced it would begin lending for this sector, what government policies affecting these trends were instituted and what role was played by the Bank vis a vis other donors during this period? The conclusions reached are based on field visits, interviews and a review of documents and literature. The picture that emerges is one of considerable diversity of activities and experiences, from which it is not easy to generalize. However, the overall conclusion is that, after slow, halting and sometimes faulty starts, the Bank has become progressively more effective in this field. From this point forward, most of what is needed involves reorientations and shifts in emphasis rather than radical departures from recent practices and levels of funding.

Download or read book Borrower Ownership of Adjustment Programs and the Political Economy of Reform written by John H. Johnson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has done much to reform its price system, achieve macroeconomic stability, and restore growth. Nevertheless, price distortions remain in three key areas. This study suggests further price reforms for the energy, grain, and transport sectors. It explains why energy price adjustments should have only a modest effect on consumer prices, but a highly positive effect on the economy. It discusses why China may have to reduce consumer subsidies to achieve the necessary reforms for grain prices. The study describes what the government must do to strengthen commodity markets, generate competition, and make allowances for seasonal price variations. China's transport sector has been a critical development bottleneck. The paper reviews tariff adjustments and other reforms that would modernize the transport system and help it meet growing demand. These reforms also would encourage energy conservation and help integrate the national economy.

Download or read book Renewable Resource Management in Agriculture written by World Bank. Operations Evaluation Department and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than two decades, there has been growing concern over the environmental implications of development. There is evidence that the mismanagement of renewable resources has been widespread as populations have increased and countries have tried to cope with the imperative need to promote economic growth. This report analyzes the results of 355 agriculture and forestry projects in the tropics which have been completed. Further, it examines the findings in the case studies of 12 countries. These countries represent the three principal tropical ecologic zones. Specifically the report consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the findings of PPARs, PCRs and IERs on resource management issues. Chapters 2 through 4 summarize the main findings of the 12 case studies of countries. Chapter 5 examines the Bank's role in identifying and dealing with policy issues affecting resource management. Chapter 6 discusses the opportunities and constraints that exist if the Bank is to address resource management issues more effectively.

Download or read book The Medical Age written by and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agricultural Marketing World Bank s Experience written by World Bank. Operations Evaluation Department and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trade Policy Reforms Under Adjustment Programs written by World Bank. Operations Evaluation Department and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review of the Bank's experience in support of trade policy reform in a selected group of countries is the first study by the World Bank's Operations Evaluation Department to concentrate exclusively on the Bank's operations and related issues in adjustment lending for trade policy reform. The impetus for the study was twofold: the increasing importance trade policy had acquired in the Bank's structural and sectoral adjustment lending over the years, and the view that the Bank had enough experience in this policy area to provide useful lessons for future lending. While the benefits of trade policy adjustment are gaining wider recognition, several concerns persist regarding the policy design and impact of those programs in the adjusting countries. The study addresses these issues in the context of individual country experience with trade reforms in the 1980s. Detailed case studies were prepared for these countries taking into account the initial conditions prevailing in the country, the design and implementation of the programs, their impact, and their sustainability. The study assesses whether trade policy reforms were complemented by other measures, including macroeconomic, industrial, and financial policies, and whether the Bank considered these links in designing trade policy programs. The main goal is to draw lessons from the cross-section of past experience for suggesting improvements in the Bank's approach to productivity-enhancing adjustment programs.

Download or read book Building and Using Comparable Corpora written by Serge Sharoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s saw a paradigm change in the use of corpus-driven methods in NLP. In the field of multilingual NLP (such as machine translation and terminology mining) this implied the use of parallel corpora. However, parallel resources are relatively scarce: many more texts are produced daily by native speakers of any given language than translated. This situation resulted in a natural drive towards the use of comparable corpora, i.e. non-parallel texts in the same domain or genre. Nevertheless, this research direction has not produced a single authoritative source suitable for researchers and students coming to the field. The proposed volume provides a reference source, identifying the state of the art in the field as well as future trends. The book is intended for specialists and students in natural language processing, machine translation and computer-assisted translation.

Download or read book World Bank Operations Evaluation Department written by Patrick Grasso and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About the Operations Evaluation Department of the World Bank from 1973 to 2003.

Download or read book Dehorning and Castrating Cattle written by Frank Webster Farley and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics 2023 written by Zygmunt Vetulani and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Aga Khan Rural Support Program written by World Bank. Operations Evaluation Department and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Philosophical Society of Adelaide South Australia written by Philosophical Society of Adelaide, South Australia and published by . This book was released on 1878 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lenition and Fortition written by Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho and published by De Gruyter Mouton. This book was released on 2008 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a collection of articles which aims at providing an overall treatment of the question of Lenition/Fortition in its many aspects: historical, typological, synchronic, diachronic, empirical and theoretical. Various current approaches to ph