Download or read book R D Production Structure and Productivity Growth in the U S Japanese and German Manufacturing Sectors written by Pierre A. Mohnen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book R D Production Structure and Productivity Growth in the U S Japaneseand German Manufacturing Sectors written by Ingmar R. Prucha and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper analyzes the production structure and the demand for inputs in three major industrialized countries, the U.S., Japan and Germany. A dynamic factor demand model with two variable inputs (labor and energy)and two quasi-fixed inputs (capital and R&D) is derived directly from an intertemporal cost-minimization problem formulated in discrete time. Adjustment costs are explicitly specified. The model is estimated for the manufacturing sector of the three countries using annual data from 1965 to 1977. Particular attention is given to the role of R&D. For all countries the rate of return on R&D is found to be higher than that on capital. Their respective magnitudes are similar across countries.We find considerable differences in factor demand schedules; we also find that for all countries the speed of adjustment for capital is higher than that of R&D. Adjustment costs are of importance in the demand equations for capital and R&D, but play a minor role in the decomposition of total factor productivity growth

Download or read book R D Production Structure and Productivity Growth written by M. Ishaq Nadiri and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate and compare the production structures of the US, Japanese, and Korean total manufacturing sectors for the 1974-1990 period. We employ a translog variable cost function that includes such inputs as labor, materials, physical and R&D capital with the physical and R&D capital treated as quasi-fixed subject to adjustment costs. The paper provides estimates for markups, returns to scale, rates of return on physical and R&D capital, and technical change. The paper also identifies the sources of the growth of output, labor productivity, and total factor productivity. The results show that resource accumulation, not technical change, is the key factor in rapid output growth, and that the R&D capital and technical change have been major contributors of the TFP growth in the US and Japanese manufacturing but not in the Korean manufacturing sector

Download or read book R D Patents and Productivity written by Zvi Griliches and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An essential reference for specialists in the economics of technological change."--D. G. McFertridge, Canadian Journal of Economics

Download or read book R D Production Structure and Productivity Growth in the U S Japanese and German Manufacturing Sectors written by Pierre A. Mohnen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book R and D Production Structure and Productivity Growth written by M Nadiri (Ishaq) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of Research and Development written by Anwar Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical literature on the economics of research and development.

Download or read book R D and Productivity written by Zvi Griliches and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1998-06-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zvi Griliches, a world-renowned pioneer in the field of productivity growth, has compiled in a single volume his pathbreaking research on R&D and productivity. Griliches addresses the relationship between research and development (R&D) and productivity, one of the most complex yet vital issues in today's business world. Using econometric techniques, he establishes this connection and measures its magnitude for firm-, industry-, and economy-level data. Griliches began his studies of productivity growth during the 1950s, adding a variable of "knowledge stock" to traditional production function models, and his work has served as the point of departure for much of the research into R&D and productivity. This collection of essays documents both Griliches's distinguished career as well as the history of this line of thought. As inputs into production increasingly taking the form of "intellectual capital" and new technologies that are not as easily measured as traditional labor and capital, the methods Griliches has refined and applied to R&D become crucial to understanding today's economy.

Download or read book The Production Structure the Adjustment Dynamics R D and the Productivity Slowdown written by Pierre A. Mohnen and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book R D Productions Structure and Productivity Growth a Comparison of the US Japanese and Korean Manufacturing Sectors written by M. Ishaq Nadiri and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Innovation and Growth written by Martin Andersson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an understanding of firms' R&D and innovation strategies and their economy-wide consequences. It is based on the premise that differences in firm-level returns, as well as economy-wide outcomes, may be linked to the heterogeneous ways in which firms organize and undertake R&D and innovation activities. It emphasizes innovation strategies of innovating firms, and reflects that innovation efforts do not represent a uniform type of expenditure. Organized into three parts the volume moves from the micro to the macro-level. This structure highlights the notion that R&D and innovation and growth are two interdependent perspectives. The first of these is micro-oriented and focuses on innovation processes of firms, where R&D activities and other innovation efforts give rise to consequences such as a strengthening of resource bases, growth of sales and employment, patents, new products, increasing productivity and profits, and improved chances of survival. The second perspective comprises economy-wide effects in the form of overall technological change, growth in total factor productivity, and structural change processes, where certain sectors may benefit from new inputs from other sectors while others experience declining markets and reduced output. The book brings together contributions and perspectives from both economics and business scholars, and will appeal to academics, researchers, and students interested in R&D and innovation strategies, international business, business strategy, and the economics of technological change.

Download or read book Productivity and R D at the Firm Level in French Manufacturing written by Philippe Cuneo and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a companion study to that of Griliches and Mairesse for the United States, we have investigated the relationship between output, labor, and physical and R & D capital during the 1972-1977 period for a sample of 182 R & D performing firms in the French nnufacturing industries. Our results are quite comparable to those obtained for the U.S. The relationship between firm productivity and R & D appears both strong and robust in the cross-sectional dimension of the data; it is less so in the time dimension. However, the within-firm estimates are still significant and of a likely order of magnitude. In this respect, they are more satisfactory than the U.S. ones. We show that this is largely due to a better measurement of the variables: (1) the fact that we can use a value-added measure of output instead of sales (or equivalently that we include materials among the factors of the production function); (2) the fact that we can correct the measures of labor, physical capital and output for the double counting or expensing out of the labor, capital and materials components of R & D expenditures.

Download or read book International R D Spillovers Between U S and Japanese R D Intensive Sectors written by Jeffrey I. Bernstein and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A great deal of empirical evidence shows that a country's production structure and productivity growth depend on its own R & D capital formation. With the growing role of international trade, foreign investment and international knowledge diffusion, domestic production and productivity also depend on the R & D activities of other countries. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the bilateral link between the U.S. and Japanese economies in terms of how R & D capital formation in one country affects the production structure, physical and R & D capital accumulation, and productivity growth in the other country. We find that production processes become less labor intensive as international R & D spillovers grow. In the short-run, R & D intensity is complementary to the international spillover. This relationship persists in the long-run for the U.S., but the Japanese decrease their own R & D intensity. U.S.R & D capital accounts for 60% of Japanese total factor productivity growth, while Japanese R & D capital contributes 20% to U.S. productivity gains. International spillovers cause social rates of return to be about four times the private returns

Download or read book R D and Productivity Growth written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological change is an important determinant of long-run productivity growth and therefore of increases in living standards over time. Many analysts, aware of the importance of research and development (R & D) for new discoveries, have studied the connection between spending for R & D and productivity growth. As a result, a large number of empirical studies estimate the effect of R & D investment on such growth. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) paper is not meant to be a survey of the empirical literature relating to R & D and productivity, instead, the paper draws on previous studies, including past surveys, to offer information bearing on three questions related to R & D and productivity growth. First, is R & D an important factor in explaining the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) at the economy-wide level? Second, if R & D is an important factor, how great is its impact? In practice, the main evidence related to these questions consists of econometric estimates of the elasticity of output with respect to R & D, which is defined as the percentage change in output that would be expected from a 1 percent increase in R & D investment. The majority of this paper examines previous studies and surveys to determine a reasonable estimate of the R & D elasticity for the U.S. economy. The third question that the paper examines is, given the shortcomings of the available data, is it worthwhile to add R & D spending to existing models of the economy? CBO uses several such long-run models to forecast growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and to analyze policy options, and TFP growth is an important variable in each one. Although economics has yet to fully explain the determinants of TFP growth, even a cursory glance at the empirical literature suggests that R & D plays an important role. If so, models of long-run economic growth will benefit from an explicit treatment of R & D, especially if the addition of that factor allows those models to better explain economic history.

Download or read book R D and Productivity written by Zvi Griliches and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zvi Griliches, a world-renowned pioneer in the field of productivity growth, has compiled in a single volume his pathbreaking research on R&D and productivity. Griliches addresses the relationship between research and development (R&D) and productivity, one of the most complex yet vital issues in today's business world. Using econometric techniques, he establishes this connection and measures its magnitude for firm-, industry-, and economy-level data. Griliches began his studies of productivity growth during the 1950s, adding a variable of "knowledge stock" to traditional production function models, and his work has served as the point of departure for much of the research into R&D and productivity. This collection of essays documents both Griliches's distinguished career as well as the history of this line of thought. As inputs into production increasingly taking the form of "intellectual capital" and new technologies that are not as easily measured as traditional labor and capital, the methods Griliches has refined and applied to R&D become crucial to understanding today's economy.

Download or read book Understanding R D Productivity written by Herbert I. Fusfeld and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1982 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Productivity Growth and R D at the Business Level written by Kim B. Clark and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents the results of a study of productivity growth and R&D in the 1970s using data on narrowly defined 'business units within a firm. Estimates are developed under different assumptions about technology ,industry effects, and changes in the return to R&D over time. The R&D data are broken down into process and product expenditures, and some information is available on past success in developing proprietary technology, andontheincidenceofma3or changes in technology in the recent past. The results suggest a significant relationship between R&D and the growth of productivity; in versions using total factor productivity as the dependent variable, the estimated rate of return to R&D investment is about 20 percent. We find some evidence that R&D has its biggest effect on productivity in those markets where major changes in technology have occurred in the recent past. Previous success in developing proprietary process technology affects total factor productivity directly, but appears to have little effect on estimated returns to R&D. The notion that the productivity of R&D declined in the l970sfinds Little support in this data. Irrespective of model specification, trends in the R&D coefficient are substantively arid statistically insignificant. Our calculations suggest that reduced investment in R&D may have accounted for at least 10 percent of the decline in total factor productivity growth in the l970s.