Download or read book R activit des mati res organiques dissoutes et mobilit des pesticides dans diff rents contextes d utilisation du sol written by Nadler Nahindy Simon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La matière organique dissoute (MOD) peut par ses propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques jouer un rôle prépondérant dans le devenir des polluants organiques dans le sol. Sa réactivité vis-à-vis des phases solide et liquide des horizons profonds du sol est fortement conditionnée par la dynamique de formation et de décomposition de la matière organique entrante. Dans les agrosystèmes soumis à l'influence anthropique, il est difficile de cerner les modifications engendrées dans la redistribution et la qualité du carbone organique dissous (COD) et les polluants organiques qu'il peut mobiliser vers les eaux souterraines. Ce travail cherche à étudier la variabilité spatio-temporelle de la MOD et les processus qui peuvent l'impliquer dans le devenir des polluants organiques dans les horizons profonds du sol.Deux modes de gestion des sols correspondant à des contextes agricoles contrastés ont été retenus pour cette étude : l'un concernant la mise en place de prairies temporaires dans les rotations céréalières pour diminuer les risques liés à la qualité des eaux souterraines (SOERE-ACBB Site de Lusignan, 86, Cambisol) et l'autre, l'apport de produits résiduaires organiques, PRO (composts) sur des rotations céréalières dans un contexte de valorisation agricole de ces produits (SOERE-PRO, Site Qualiagro à Feucherolles, 78, Luvisol). Les résultats ont révélé l'influence de la variabilité saisonnière et des modes de gestion sur la dynamique de formation de la MOD. Ils montrent dans les lixiviats de terrain des concentrations de COD globalement faibles (≤13.5 mg l-1) qui augmentent en début des saisons hivernales et printanières. Elles sont plus élevées dans le profil du Luvisol soumis aux amendements organiques (+5.2 mg l-1) comparé au témoin (sans amendement). La caractérisation par les méthodes de spectro-fluorescence et de chromatographie d'exclusion stérique a indiqué une faible influence des modes de gestion sur la composition de la MOD. Les chromatogrammes et les mesures d'UV-absorbance ont permis de constater des différences entre les conditions expérimentales de laboratoire et celles au champ. Certaines caractéristiques de la MOD des lixiviats de terrain diffèrent de celles de la MOD des extraits de l'horizon de surface de sol au laboratoire suggérant l'hypothèse d'une forte interaction de la MOD de surface à la phase solide des horizons profonds du sol au cours du processus de lixiviation. Cette interaction quantifiée par l'adsorption s'est avérée globalement très forte (75-86%), quasiment similaire entre les horizons profonds du Cambisol, mais augmente avec la profondeur dans le Luvisol. Aucune différence significative entre l'adsorption de MOD des différents traitements étudiés n'a été observée. Ces résultats peuvent s'expliquer par les gammes de concentrations de COD relativement faibles (0-36 mg l-1) utilisées dans nos expérimentations.En ce qui a trait au comportement des polluants organiques dans le profil du sol, nous avons montré que l'adsorption de l'herbicide dicamba, très faible au Cambisol et négligeable dans le cas du Luvisol, est fortement régulée par le pH du sol. Par ailleurs, l'adsorption des pesticides isoproturon et diflufénican diminue avec la profondeur du sol et est principalement conditionnée par la présence de matière organique. Contrairement aux pesticides, le dibutyl-phtalate qui est un polluant organique retracé dans les parcelles amendées par du compost est plus retenu en profondeur grâce à la fraction minérale du sol. L'adsorption des polluants organiques a été expérimentée en présence de la MOD extraite du sol à partir des différents traitements étudiés.
Download or read book Les pesticides dans le sol written by Raoul Calvet and published by France Agricole Editions. This book was released on 2005 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cet ouvrage sur le devenir des pesticides dans le sol est un recueil des données les plus importantes, accompagnées de leur analyse critique, destinée à en souligner l'intérêt et les limites. Il comprend un ensemble de neuf chapitres conduisant le lecteur, des connaissances de base, à leurs applications agronomiques et environnementales. La pollution des milieux naturels par les pesticides fait l'objet de plusieurs paragraphes pour en analyser le déterminisme, exposer les démarches de prévision des risques et indiquer les principaux moyens de les réduire. Ces chapitres sont groupés en trois parties destinées répondre aux questions suivantes: Que sont les pesticides, A quels phénomènes sont-ils soumis dans le sol, Que deviennent-ils dans ce milieu et quelles en sont les conséquences. L'attention du lecteur est attirée sur la progression de l'exposé des connaissances. La troisième partie ne peut être utilement abordée qu'après la lecture préalable des deux premières. Chaque chapitre contient les informations nécessaires à la description et à la compréhension des phénomènes. A la fin de chacun d'eux, des notes complètent l'information sur des points particuliers. Des fiches résumant les principales connaissances exposées et renvoyant aux chapitres correspondants, sont placées à la fin de l'ouvrage. Les annexes contiennent des données sur les principaux produits cités et une liste d'organismes où, des informations scientifiques, techniques et réglementaires, peuvent être trouvées. Dans le contexte actuel de sensibilisation à la maîtrise des pollutions, l'ouvrage est une contribution scientifique à la diffusion des connaissances sur le sujet. Il intéressera un large panel de techniciens, de chercheurs et d'enseignants dans tous les métiers et les disciplines concernés par les pesticides et les milieux naturels.
Download or read book Remediation Case Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Farm Manures written by James Claudius Beavers and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Use Intensification written by Saul Cunningham and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There can be little doubt that there are truly colossal challenges associated with providing food, fibre and energy for an expanding world population without further accelerating already rapid rates of biodiversity loss and undermining the ecosystem processes on which we all depend. These challenges are further complicated by rapid changes in climate and its additional direct impacts on agriculture, biodiversity and ecological processes. There are many different viewpoints about the best way to deal with the myriad issues associated with land use intensification and this book canvasses a number of these from different parts of the tropical and temperate world. Chapters focus on whether science can suggest new and improved approaches to reducing the conflict between productive land use and biodiversity conservation. Who should read this book? Policy makers in regional, state and federal governments, as well as scientists and the interested lay public.
Download or read book Olive Growing written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains written by M. Kaennel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest decline became a matter of public and scientific concern in France in 1983 when conifers in the Vosges mountains were found to exhibit unusual crown deterioration. An impassioned controversy on a supposedly large scale forest health problem was then in full swing in Central Europe. A co-ordinated research programme entitled DEFORPA ("Deperissement des For~ts et Pollution AtmospMrique") was launched in 1984. This programme ran from 1984 to 1991 and a number of projects are still in progress. The Programme was sponsored by three French ministries (Enviroument, Agriculture and Forestry, Research and Technologyl), several state agencies, various regional authorities and the Commission of the European Communities (DO xn and DG VI). Initially, emphasis was solely laid on the understanding of forest decline in the mountainous areas - because damage was most obvious there - in relation to natural and man-made factors. Air pollution was given high but not overwhelming priority. Thus, the DEFORPA Programme was not in its essence a nation-wide assessment of air pollution effects, unlike a number of national acidification research programmes in Europe and North America. During. the programme, however, the areas of concern expanded. In particular, research into water acidification in the Vosges mountains was developed in parallel with the DEFORPA Programme, and possible eutrophication of the ground flora in northeastern France became the subject of new research.
Download or read book Wildlife Ecotoxicology written by John E. Elliott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-27 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many books have now been published in the broad field of environmental toxicology. However, to date, none of have presented the often fascinating stories of the wildlife science, and the steps along the way from discovery of problems caused by environmental pollutants to the regulatory and non-regulatory efforts to address the problems. This book provides case by case examinations of how toxic chemical effects on wildlife have brought about policy and regulatory decisions, and positive changes in environmental conditions. Wild animal stories, whether they are about the disappearance of charismatic top predators, or of grossly deformed embryos or frogs, provide powerful symbols that can and have captured the public's imagination and have resulted in increased awareness by decision makers. It is the intent of this book to present factual and balanced overviews and summaries of the science and the subsequent regulatory processes that followed to effect change (or not). We cover a variety of chemicals and topics beginning with an update of the classic California coastal DDT story of eggshell thinning and avian reproduction to more recent cases, such as the veterinarian pharmaceutical that has brought three species of Asian vultures to the brink of extinction. Researchers, regulators, educators, NGOs and the general public will find valuable insights into the processes and mechanisms involved both in environmental scientific investigation and in efforts to effect positive change.
Download or read book Climate Information and Prediction Services written by World Meteorological Organization and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emerging Micro pollutants in the Environment written by Sudarshan Kurwadkar and published by ACS Symposium. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Distributed in print by Oxford University Press."
Download or read book The Last Billion Years written by Atlantic Geoscience Society and published by Nimbus Publishing (CN). This book was released on 2001 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the history of the rocks and fossils of the Maritime Provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and PEI) over the last billion years. The book is beautifully illustrated in full colour, with original paintings of ancient vistas, over 150 photographs, and crisp explanatory diagrams and sketches.
Download or read book WHYCOS written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellular Automata Modeling of Physical Systems written by Bastien Chopard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-30 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a self-contained introduction to cellular automata and lattice Boltzmann techniques. Beginning with a chapter introducing the basic concepts of this developing field, a second chapter describes methods used in cellular automata modeling. Following chapters discuss the statistical mechanics of lattice gases, diffusion phenomena, reaction-diffusion processes and non-equilibrium phase transitions. A final chapter looks at other models and applications, such as wave propagation and multiparticle fluids. With a pedagogic approach, the volume focuses on the use of cellular automata in the framework of equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical physics. It also emphasises application-oriented problems such as fluid dynamics and pattern formation. The book contains many examples and problems. A glossary and a detailed bibliography are also included. This will be a valuable book for graduate students and researchers working in statistical physics, solid state physics, chemical physics and computer science.
Download or read book The Biogeochemistry of Mercury in the Environment written by Jerome O. Nriagu and published by Elsevier-North-Holland Biomedical Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Groundwater Resources of the World and Their Use written by Igorʹ Semenovich Zekt︠s︡er and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph represents many years of groundwater data accumulation by a large number of noted hydrogeologists located throughout the world. It represents a multicultural approach to groundwater resources and their use. As a result, many of the fundamental concepts in hydrogeology are interpreted slightly differently in other countries. In fact, there are a number of hydrogeologic phenomena introduced that for the most part have not been presented internationally. Since various cultures review the science of hydrogeology with their own nuances, a substantial effort was made to provide classic references in the science of hydrogeology. The focus of the monograph was to present data and scientific principals, which are relevant to groundwater use in each of the countries. This monograph represents a major undertaking by hydrologists and hydrogeologists around the world. Although the fundamental groundwater resource data may change slowly over time, the groundwater use data is rapidly changing. Consulting hydrogeologists, engineers, chemists, geologists, biologists, health officials, and government environmental administrators will find this baseline document of substantial value. It is fully anticipated that this book will serve as the first addition of a series on groundwater resources of the world and their use.
