Download or read book Quaternary Liquid liquid Equilibria of Sodium Sulfate Sodium Sulfite and Water with Two Solvents written by Adriana Lopes Schiozer and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solvents Ionic Liquids and Solvent Effects written by Daniel Glossman-Mitnik and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-01-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solvents and ionic liquids are ubiquitous within our whole life since ancient times and their effects are actually being studied through basic sciences like Chemistry, Physics and Biology as well as being researched by a large number of scientific disciplines.This book represents an attempt to present examples on the utility of old and new solvents and the effects they exercise on several fields of academic and industrial interest. The first section, Solvents, presents information on bio-solvents and their synthesis, industrial production and applications, about per and trichloroethylene air monitoring in dry cleaners in the city of Sfax (Tunsia) and on the synthesis of polyimides using molten benzoic acid as the solvent. The second section, Ionic Liquids, shows information about the synthesis, physicochemical characterization and exploration of antimicrobial activities of imidazolium ionic liquid-supported Schiff base and its transition metal complexes, the technology of heterogenization of transition metal catalysts towards the synthetic applications in an ionic liquid matrix, the progress in ionic liquids as reaction media, monomers, and additives in high-performance polymers, a pre-screening of ionic liquids as gas hydrate inhibitor via application of COSMO-RS for methane hydrate, the extraction of aromatic compounds from their mixtures with alkanes from ternary to quaternary (or higher) systems and a review on ionic liquids as environmental benign solvent for cellulose chemistry. The final section, Solvent Effects, displays interesting information on solvent effects on dye sensitizers derived from anthocyanidins for applications in photocatalysis, about the solvent effect on a model of SNAr reaction in conventional and non-conventional solvents, and on solvent effects in supramolecular systems.
Download or read book The Principles of the Phase Theory written by Douglas Arthur Clibbens and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Some Quaternary Liquid Extraction Systems with Two Liquid Pairs of Negligible Miscibilities written by Yi-chung Chang and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quaternary Liquid written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate and sodium sulfite are produced from sodium carbonate in flue-gas scrubbers; recovery of these salts often requires multi-effect evaporators; however, a new energy-efficient unit operation called extractive crystallization has been shown to have reduced energy costs. In this process, an organic solvent is added to the aqueous salt solution to precipitate salt. Acetone is a suitable solvent for this process, better than 2-propanol. Liquid/liquid/solid equilibria for ternary systems containing a salt, water, and an organic solvent were measured. Systems investigated were sodium sulfite/water/acetone and sodium sulfite/water/2-propanol. Experiments were conducted at salt saturation covering a temperature range between the lower consolute temperature and 48.6°C. In the attempt to improve the extractive crystallization process for recovery of sodium sulfate from flue-gas scrubbers, attention was given to a feed containing a mixture of sodium sulfite and sodium sulfate. Liquid-liquid equilibria for quaternary systems containing two salts, water, and an organic solvent were experimentally determined at 35°C. The systems investigated were sodium sulfate/sodium sulfite/water/acetone and sodium sulfate/sodium sulfite/water/2propanol. The systems were studied at three salt ratios. For each salt ratio, experiments were conducted starting at saturation, water was then added until the one-phase region was reached. Mixtures of the two salts proved to have a small disadvantage relative to the 100 % sulfate feed process. Therefore, a sulfate-based extractive crystallization process is recommended.
Download or read book Liquid liquid Equilibrium Data Collection Ternary and quaternary systems written by Jens M. Sørensen and published by Dechema. This book was released on 1979 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Transfer Catalysis written by C.M. Starks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-06-30 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1971 when useful working concepts for the technique of phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) were introduced, the understanding, development, and applica tions of this method for conducting organic reactions has expanded exponentially. PTC has brought vast new dimensions and options to chemists and chemical engineers. From its use in less than ten commercial processes in 1975, PTC use has increased so that in the early 1990s it is involved in more than 600 industrial applications to manufacture products valued at between 10 and 20 billion U.S. dollars. PTC is widely used for simple organic reactions, steps in synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, perfumes, ftavorants, and dyes; for specialty polymerization reactions, polymer modifications, and monomer synthe sis; for pollution and environmental control processes; for analysis oftrace organic and inorganic compounds; and for many other applications. Often, PTC offers the best (and sometimes only) practical technique to obtain certain products. The authors experience in teaching a short course on phase-transfer catalysis has shown to us that a newcomer to PTC can easily be frustrated and confused by the large amount of information available in the literature and in patents. The purpose of this book, therefore, was to bring this information together in a logical and user-friendly way, without sacrificing matters of scholarly and fundamental importance.
Download or read book Journal of the Chemical Society written by Chemical Society (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 1548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Titles of chemical papers in British and foreign journals" included in Quarterly journal, v. 1-12.
Download or read book Journal of the Chemical Society written by and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 1228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Separation of a highly nonideal mixture for solvent recovery written by Andreas Raab and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2003-01-15 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The separation of complex nonideal mixtures is a common problem in the process industries. The solvent recovery is an important task for chemical engineers to minimize burden upon the environment due to exhaustive use of solvents. The recovery of the individual components is complicated by the highly nonideal features of these mixtures. The separation of such highly nonideal mixtures can be limited by the presence of azeotropes, which can create distillation boundaries. These distillation boundaries are forming distillation regions which are difficult to overcome with the standard rectification. Distillation systems for these highly nonideal azeotropic mixtures are particularly difficult to design and to operate in an efficient way. In printing companies often four component mixtures of ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and water arise as waste. A separation scheme of multicomponent azeotropic distillation is developed and successfully used for a highly nonideal quaternary mixture. The composition of the mixture in mass percent is ethanol 30%, water 20%, ethyl acetate 25% and isopropyl acetate with 20%. The rest of the mixture (5%) consists of n-propane, isopropane, cyclohexane, and etoxypropane. For the further investigation just the quaternary mixture is examined. Generally, every component should be recovered as pure as possible from the mixture. In the mixture namely five binary and two ternary azeotropes are formed by the components. Based on the synthesis procedure proposed by Rev et al. and Mizsey et al. a new separation technology is developed followed up the vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium behavior of the mixture. They have recommended a general framework for designing feasible schemes of multicomponent azeotropic distillation. This procedure recommends to study in detail the vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium data to explore immiscibility regions, azeotropic points, and separatrices for ternary and quaternary regions. On the behalf of the VLLE data the set of feasible separation structures is explored. This procedure is followed and a new separation structure is developed and tested experimentally. First, the quaternary mixture is separated into two ternary mixtures by distillation. The two ternary mixtures containing ethyl acetate, ethanol, water and isopropyl acetate, ethanol, water, respectively. Due to the analogous behavior of the two ternary mixtures similar separation cycles can be designed. The two [...]
Download or read book Phosphoric Acid Industry written by Michael Schorr and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphoric acid is an important industrial acid that is utilized for manufacturing phosphatic fertilizers and industrial products, for pickling and posterior treatment of steel surfaces to prevent corrosion, for ensuring appropriate paint adhesion, and for the food and beverages industry, e.g., cola-type drinks to impart taste and slight acidity and to avoid iron sedimentation. This industry is spread out in countries of four continents - Asia, Africa, America, and Europe - which operate mines and production plants and produce fertilizers. Phosacid is one of the most widely known acids. The global phosacid market and its many phosphate derivatives are expanding worldwide; this trend is expected to continue in the next years, thus producing innovative products.
Download or read book Liquid Detergents written by Kuo-Yann Lai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-23 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A best-seller in its first edition, Liquid Detergents, Second Edition captures the most significant advances since 1996, maintaining its reputation as a first-stop reference in all fundamental theories, practical applications, formulation technologies and manufacturing aspects of liquid detergents. Featuring contributions from 22 award-winning, international experts from industry and academia, the book embraces recent advances in the products and technologies of liquid detergents over the last decade and includes more than 30% new material, 1800 up-to-date references, and 300 figures and tables.
Download or read book Introduction to Phase Equilibria in Ceramic Systems written by Hummel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a leading practitioner and teacher in the field of ceramic science and engineering, this outstanding text provides advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students with a comprehensive, up-to-date Introduction to Phase Equilibria in Ceramic Systems. Building upon a concise definition of the phase rule, the book logically proceeds from one- and two-component systems through increasingly complex systems, enabling students to utilize the phase rule in real applications. Unique because of its emphasis on phase diagrams, timely because of the rising importance of ceramic applications, practical because of its pedagogical approach, Introduction to Phase Equilibria in Ceramic Systems offers end-of-chapter review problems, extensive reading lists, a solid thermodynamic foundation and clear perspectives on the special properties of ceramics as compared to metals.This authoritative volume fills a broad gap in the literature, helping undergraduate- and graduate-level students of ceramic engineering and materials science to approach this demanding subject in a rational, confident fashion. In addition, Introduction to Phase Equilibria in Ceramic Systems serves as a valuable supplement to undergraduate-level metallurgy programs.
Download or read book Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography written by Lloyd R. Snyder and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest edition of the authoritative reference to HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is today the leading technique for chemical analysis and related applications, with an ability to separate, analyze, and/or purify virtually any sample. Snyder and Kirkland's Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography has long represented the premier reference to HPLC. This Third Edition, with John Dolan as added coauthor, addresses important improvements in columns and equipment, as well as major advances in our understanding of HPLC separation, our ability to solve problems that were troublesome in the past, and the application of HPLC for new kinds of samples. This carefully considered Third Edition maintains the strengths of the previous edition while significantly modifying its organization in light of recent research and experience. The text begins by introducing the reader to HPLC, its use in relation to other modern separation techniques, and its history, then leads into such specific topics as: The basis of HPLC separation and the general effects of different experimental conditions Equipment and detection The column—the "heart" of the HPLC system Reversed-phase separation, normal-phase chromatography, gradient elution, two-dimensional separation, and other techniques Computer simulation, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and method validation and quality control The separation of large molecules, including both biological and synthetic polymers Chiral separations, preparative separations, and sample preparation Systematic development of HPLC separations—new to this edition Troubleshooting tricks, techniques, and case studies for both equipment and chromatograms Designed to fulfill the needs of the full range of HPLC users, from novices to experts, Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition offers the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and accessible survey of HPLC methods and applications available.
Download or read book Geological Survey Water supply Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office written by United States. Patent Office and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 2494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Study of the Solid liquid Quaternary Equilibria written by John Kalman Kaufman and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
