Download or read book Quantitative Genetics of Seedling Drought Tolerance and Resistance to Drought enhanced Macrophomina Phaseolina Infection in Cowpea Vigna Unguiculata L Walp written by Wellington Muchero and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Architecture of Salt and Drought Tolerance in Cowpea written by Waltram Second Ravelombola and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a diploid and nutrient-dense legume species. It provides affordable source of protein to human. Cowpea cultivation is prevalent in Africa, Asia, the western and southern U.S., and Central and South America. However, earlier reports have shown that drought and salt stress can be devastating to cowpea production. The objectives of this study were to screen for salt and drought tolerance in cowpea and to identify molecular markers associated with these traits. Simple methodologies to screen for drought (Chapter 2) and salt tolerance were developed (Chapter 3). Results suggested that: 1) a total of 14, 18, 5, 5, and 35 SNPs were associated with plant growth habit change due to drought stress, drought tolerance index for maturity, flowering time, 100-seed weight, and grain yield respectively in a MAGIC cowpea population, the network-guided approach revealed clear interactions between the loci associated with the drought tolerance traits, and GS accuracy varied from low to moderate for this population, 2) a total of 7, 2, 18, 18, 3, 2, 5, 1, and 23 SNPs were associated with various traits evaluated for salt tolerance in a MAGIC cowpea population, some of these SNPs were in the vicinity of potassium channel and biomolecule transporters, and significant epistatic interactions were found 3) a large variation of salt tolerance and drought tolerance was found in the panel involving 331 cowpea genotypes which were genotyped with 14,465,516 SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing, 4) tolerance to salt and drought-related traits seemed to be associated with the geographical origins of the cowpea genotypes, 5) a significant GWAS peak defined by a cluster of 196 significant SNPs and mapped on a 210-kb region of chromosome 5 was identified to be a good locus candidate for tolerance to trifoliate leaf chlorosis under drought stress in cowpea and harbored hormone-induced genes, and 6) a strong candidate locus for tolerance to leaf score injury under salt stress and defined by a cluster of 1,400 significant SNPs on chromosome 3 was identified and this region harbored a potassium channel gene. The results from this study could contribute to a better understanding of salt and drought tolerance in cowpea. The salt- and drought-tolerant genotypes could be used as parents in cowpea breeding programs.

Download or read book Physiology and Genetics of Drought Tolerance in Cowpea and Winter Wheat written by David Adrian Verbree and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and declining ground water table, breeding for drought tolerance in food crops has become a top priority throughout the world. Phenotyping a large population of breeding lines for drought tolerance is time-consuming and often unreliable due to multiple possible mechanisms involved. In cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), a box-screening method has been used to partition the confounding effects that shoot and root traits have on drought tolerance by restricting root growth and providing a homogeneous soil moisture environment across genotypes. Nonetheless, multiple mechanisms of shoot drought tolerance have been reported which further complicate phenotyping. In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been proposed as a good indicator of drought tolerance. The recent development of low-cost thermal imaging devices could enable high-throughput phenotyping of canopy temperature. While CTD can be an indicator of overall plant water status, it can be confounded by high stomatal resistance, which is another seemingly contradictory mechanism of drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to explore the physiological basis and genetics of the two mechanisms of shoot drought tolerance previously reported in cowpea and to develop and evaluate a method of high-throughput phenotyping of drought tolerance in winter wheat using thermal imaging. In cowpea, a legume well known for its tight stomatal control, no differences in gas exchange between drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes were observed. A unifoliate stay-green trait was discovered that segregates as a single recessive gene. However, it did not correlate with trifoliate necrosis or overall drought tolerance. In winter wheat, CTD did not always correlate with yield under rainfed conditions. One drought-tolerant cultivar, in particular, had the hottest canopy temperature, possibly because it was able to conserve moisture by closing its stomata whereas another closely related drought-tolerant cultivar had the coolest canopy temperature. Therefore, it appears that no single method of phenotyping for drought tolerance can be broadly applied across all genotypes of a given species due to possible contrasting mechanisms of drought-tolerance and environmental differences. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152439

Download or read book The Genetics and Heritability of Quantitative Differences in N2 Fixation in Cowpea Vigna Unguiculata L Walp written by Keith Wilfred Zary and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inheritance of Drought Resistance in Cowpea Vigna Unguiculata L Walp written by Mohammad Chozin and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Screening of Cowpea vigina Unguiculata L Walp Genotypes for Drought Tolerance in South Africa written by Gabriel Vusanimuzi Nkomo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey was carried out to assess the farmers’ production constraints, traits and preferred cowpea varieties. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in a survey in Buhera District, Zimbabwe, in March and April of 2018. Women farmers dominated the survey as they were 52% of the surveyed population, while men occupied 48% of the total population. All participants concurred that cowpeas were used for domestic consumption. Eighty-three percent of the farmers cited shortage, unavailability, and cost of fertiliser, 16% of the farmers acknowledged that they do not have access to quality seed, and 1% cited labour as the major constraints in cowpea production. Farmers ranked heat (86%), drought (10%), and soil fertility (4%) as the most important abiotic factors. Ninety-one percent of the farmers’ ranked rust as the major disease, while 2% ranked storage rot, 1% ranked anthracnose, and 1% ranked downy mildew. Eighty-one percent of the farmers ranked aphids as the main pests, while 3% ranked thrips, 3% ranked legume borers, and 2% ranked pod borers. Fifty-two percent of the farmers preferred varieties that are resistant to diseases such as rust, whereas 48% were not concerned about diseases. For qualitative traits, 50% of the farmers had no specific colour preference, 32% preferred white colour, 14% brown colour, 3% red colour, and 1% tan colour. Ninety-four percent of interviewed farmers were not concerned about the pod shape, 3% preferred the kidney shape, 2% preferred the spherical shape and 1% preferred the globular shape. Ninety-nine percent of farmers agreed that they needed high yielding varieties per unit area and only 1% were unsure. For quantitative traits such as grain size, pod size, plant height, and head size, the preferences of farmers varied. Forty-four percent of the farmer respondents preferred larger cowpea grains, while 56% were not concerned about the size of the grain. A paltry 2% of the farmers were interested in pod size, while 98% did not regard it as important. Thirteen percent of the farmers were interested in climbing varieties, while 87% considered high grain yield as of the utmost importance.

Download or read book Cowpea Adaptability to Southeastern Organic Farming Systems written by Samantha Lindsey Hill and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a warm-season, multi-purpose legume that is well-adapted to the southeastern USA and has many traits that make it an attractive forage or cover crop for integration into organic production systems, including high rates of nitrogen (N) fixation, phosphorus (P) use efficiency, regrowth ability, and high digestibility. Eight cowpea cultivars were evaluated under organic management at two locations in summer 2014 for stand establishment, forage yield and quality, and weed biomass. Charcoal rot [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.] is a fungal disease that is economically important to many host plant species. High temperatures and drought conditions favor disease development making it difficult to predict when disease outbreak will occur. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important crop for many regions of the globe and is a host species for M. phaseolina. Efforts have been made to breed genetic lines that are resistant to M. phaseolina but little research has been done to screen many popular cowpea cultivars for resistance. This study includes an inoculated field trial and greenhouse seedling screening of twenty-six cowpea lines to identify resistance to charcoal rot.

Download or read book Breeding Cowpea Vigna Unguiculata L Walp for Improved Drought Tolerance in Mozambique written by Rogério Marcos Chiulele and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Cowpea Research written by B. B. Singh and published by IITA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cowpea: taxonomy, genetics, and breeding, physiology and agronomy, diseases and parasitic weeds, insect pests, postharvest technology and utilization. Biotechnological applications.

Download or read book Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices written by Pradeep Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant diseases play an important role on our daily lives. Most of plant diseases are visible and are caused by biotic and/or abiotic factors. Symptoms are usually the results of a morphological change, alteration or damage to plant tissue and/or cells due to an interference of the plant’s metabolism. All basic structures of vascular plants are subject to attack by pathogens. The failure in accurate disease diagnosis and management may lead to huge losses in plant production and related commodities, which causes nutritional food scarcity. Typically, the appearance of a biotic symptom will indicate the relatively late stage of an infection and/or colonization of a pathogen. Expert detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely management play a significant role in keeping plants free from pathogens. In this book expert scholars share their research knowledge and key literature which are vital toward the diagnosis of plant diseases across the globe, addressing traditional plant pathology techniques, as well as advanced molecular diagnostic approach.

Download or read book Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance written by Parvaiz Ahmad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance: Volume 1 - Biological Techniques presents the latest technologies used by scientists for improvement the crop production and explores the various roles of these technologies for the enhancement of crop productivity and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria that can cause disease. This resource provides a comprehensive review of how proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, ionomics, and micromics are a pathway to improve plant stress tolerance to increase productivity and meet the agricultural needs of the growing human population. This valuable resource will help any scientist have a better understanding of environmental stresses to improve resource management within a world of limited resources. - Includes the most recent advances methods and applications of biotechnology to crop science - Discusses different techniques of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and nanotechnology - Promotes the prevention of potential diseases to inhibit bacteria postharvest quality of fruits and vegetable crops by advancing application and research - Presents a thorough account of research results and critical reviews

Download or read book Bean Production Problems in the Tropics written by Howard F. Schwartz and published by CIAT. This book was released on 1989 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first section reviews trends of bean production and constraints in Latin America and Africa. The second section covers fungal diseases. The third section, bacterial diseases. The fourth section, viral and mycoplasma diseases. The fifth section, insect pests. The last section, other bean production constraints, that is, nutritional disorders, nematodes, seed pathology, and additional problems.

Download or read book Biological Management of Diseases of Crops written by P. Narayanasamy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological management of diseases of crops is influenced by the nature of interactions between the pathogens and other organisms and the plants. Due to development of resistance in pathogens to fungicides and bactericides, determination of compatibility of biotic biocontrol agents with chemicals is essential for selecting strains of biocontrol agents (BCAs) showing resistance to chemicals to effectively restrict use of the chemicals. Microbial plant pathogens and the antagonists present in the soil and on the plant surfaces are influenced by various cultural practices. It is possible to reduce disease incidence and intensity by crop sanitation and using appropriate rotational crops. Application of physical techniques involving the use of heat, solarization and irradiation has potential to reduce the pathogen population or weaken the potential of pathogens present in the seed, planting materials and soil.

Download or read book Sustainable Horticultural Systems written by Dilip Nandwani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable horticulture is gaining increasing attention in the field of agriculture as demand for the food production rises to the world community. Sustainable horticultural systems are based on ecological principles to farm, optimizes pest and disease management approaches through environmentally friendly and renewable strategies in production agriculture. It is a discipline that addresses current issues such as food security, water pollution, soil health, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, entomology, ecology, chemistry and food sciences. Sustainable horticulture interprets methods and processes in the farming system to the global level. For that, horticulturists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable horticulture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable horticulture treats problem sources.

Download or read book Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment Volume 6 OECD Consensus Documents written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series represents a compilation of the biosafety consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology over the periods 2011-12 (Volume 5) and 2013-15 (Volume 6).

Download or read book Disease Resistance in Crop Plants written by Shabir Hussain Wani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human population is escalating at an enormous pace and is estimated to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. As a result, there will be an increase in demand for agricultural production by 60–110% between the years 2005 and 2050 at the global level; the number will be even more drastic in the developing world. Pathogens, animals, and weeds are altogether responsible for between 20 to 40 % of global agricultural productivity decrease. As such, managing disease development in plants continues to be a major strategy to ensure adequate food supply for the world. Accordingly, both the public and private sectors are moving to harness the tools and paradigms that promise resistance against pests and diseases. While the next generation of disease resistance research is progressing, maximum disease resistance traits are expected to be polygenic in nature and controlled by selective genes positioned at putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs). It has also been realized that sources of resistance are generally found in wild relatives or cultivars of lesser agronomic significance. However, introgression of disease resistance traits into commercial crop varieties typically involves many generations of backcrossing to transmit a promising genotype. Molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) has been found to facilitate the pre-selection of traits even prior to their expression. To date, researchers have utilized disease resistance genes (R-genes) in different crops including cereals, pulses, and oilseeds and other economically important plants, to improve productivity. Interestingly, comparison of different R genes that empower plants to resist an array of pathogens has led to the realization that the proteins encoded by these genes have numerous features in common. The above observation therefore suggests that plants may have co-evolved signal transduction pathways to adopt resistance against a wide range of divergent pathogens. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms necessary for pathogen identification and a thorough dissection of the cellular responses to biotic stresses will certainly open new vistas for sustainable crop disease management. This book summarizes the recent advances in molecular and genetic techniques that have been successfully applied to impart disease resistance for plants and crops. It integrates the contributions from plant scientists targeting disease resistance mechanisms using molecular, genetic, and genomic approaches. This collection therefore serves as a reference source for scientists, academicians and post graduate students interested in or are actively engaged in dissecting disease resistance in plants using advanced genetic tools.