Download or read book Quantitative Analysis of 3 dimensional Facial Soft Tissue Photographic Images written by Vikrum Singh Nanda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives: The recent advent of 3D photography has created the potential for comprehensive facial evaluation. However, lack of practical true 3D analysis of the information collected from 3D images has been the factor limiting widespread utilization in orthodontics. Current evaluation of 3D facial soft tissue images relies on subjective visual evaluation and 2D distances to assess facial disharmony. The objectives of this project strive to map the surface and define boundaries of 3D facial soft tissue, modify mathematical functions to average multiple 3D facial images, and mathematically average 3D facial images allowing generation of color-coded surface deviation relative to a true average. Methods: Collaboration headed by UCLA Orthodontics with UCLA Neuroimaging was initiated to modify advanced brain mapping technology to accurately map the facial surface in 3D. 10 subjects were selected as a sample for development of the technical protocol. 3dMD photographic images were segmented, corrected using a series of topology correcting algorithms, and process to create close meshes. Shapes were mapped to a sphere using conformal and area preserving maps, and were then registered using a spherical patch mapping approach. Finally an average was created using 7-parameter procrustes alignment. Results: Size-standardized average facial images were generated for the sample population. A single patient was then superimposed on the average and color-coded displacement maps were generated to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this protocol. Further confirmation of the methods through 3D superimposition of the initial (T0) average to the 4 week (T4) average was completed and analyzed. Conclusions: The results of this investigation suggest that it is possible to average multiple facial images of highly variable topology. The immediate application of this research will be rapid and detailed diagnostic imaging analysis for orthodontic and surgical treatment planning. There is great potential for application to anthropometrics and genomics. This investigation resulted in establishment of a protocol for mapping the surface of the human face in three dimensions.

Download or read book Quantitative Analysis of Human Facial Expression Moving Towards The Creation of a Virtual Patient written by Sungah Lee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Quantitative Analysis of Human Facial Expression: Moving Towards The Creation of a Virtual Patient By Sungah Lee Master of Science in Oral Biology University of California Los Angeles, 2017 Background: Recent introduction of three dimensional facial images allows us to have access to more information than ever before, creating the potential for more accurate facial evaluation. In orthodontic diagnostics and treatment planning, facial soft tissue analysis has been broadly recognized as a critical factor leading to successful orthodontic treatment outcomes. Even though facial soft tissue is by nature dynamic data and facial expressions are the dynamic movement of these facial soft tissue, 2D static photos have been used in facial analysis in orthodontics. Our overall objective is to develop an innovative method to quantifies the dynamic movements of soft tissue in 3D during facial expressions, which could further not only orthodontics field but also other health care fields. Methods: Dynamic system to quantify 3D facial soft tissue movement was explored through investigation into physics and mathematical modeling. 3dMD facial images of 29 participants at five different time points (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) during smiling were collected from starting of each facial expression till the end. Smiling patterns were classified and only homogenous samples were finally included. 3D meshes were processed for vertex correspondence, and 28 landmarks were tracked. Data analyses were performed via MATLAB. Average smiling faces at five different time points were generated. Average displacement vectors between each time point were computed, producing the average smiling movement trajectories. Statistical p values of all landmarks in three-dimension were computed to show the significance level of displacement. Color-coded displacement vector p maps were generated for movement of each landmark over the 5 time points. Results: 3D meshes of 10 participants at five different time points (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) while smiling were finally included in our study. 28 landmarks were quantitatively tracked and analyzed. Average smiling faces at five time points, average displacement vectors between each time point, and statistical p values of all landmarks in 3D were generated. Average movement trajectory while smiling was generated. Corner of lip showed maximum displacement of 6.42 mm (p

Download or read book A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOFT TISSUE CHANGE EVALUATION BY ORTHODONTISTS IN CLASS II NON EXTRACTION ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT USING THE 3dMD SYSTEM written by Paul Chong Chan Lee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of cephalometrics in the 1930s, numerous studies have focused on the profile of a face to achieve a more esthetic orthodontic treatment outcome. With such heavy emphasis on facial esthetics, a shift in focus from the profile view to the oblique view has become necessary as the smile in the oblique view is what the general public evaluates. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether the current tools for diagnosis and treatment evaluation are sufficient. Currently, 2-dimensional composite photographs are utilized in evaluating the soft tissue. At Temple University, 3-dimensional images, which show all sides of the patient's face, are used adjunctively to 2-dimensional composite photographs. In this study, faculty members at the Temple University Department of Orthodontics were asked to complete surveys after viewing two different image modalities, 2-dimensional images and a 3-dimensional video of the same patient. They were asked to fill out the soft tissue goals for specific facial landmarks. Patient photos were in the smiling view as current literature lacks studies on this view. Faculty members' responses from analyzing the 2-dimensional images and 3-dimensional video for each patient were compared to determine which areas had frequent discrepancies from using two different image modalities. During the survey, a voice recorder captured any comments regarding the images. The ultimate goal of this qualitative pilot study was to identify when 3-dimensional imaging is necessary in treatment planning and evaluation, with an added hope to further advance research in 3-dimensional imaging and its vast possibilities to advance the field of orthodontics. Based on the data collected, the following conclusions were made: 1. The qualitative data highlighted that 3-dimensional imaging would be necessary in cases with skeletal deformities. 2. In the oblique view, 3-dimensional imaging is superior than 2-dimensional imaging by showing more accurate shadow, contour, and depth of the soft tissue. 3. Further improvement is necessary to create a virtual patient with treatment simulation abilities. 4. The comfort level among orthodontists of 2-dimensional imaging was higher than 3-dimensional imaging. With more widespread use of 3-dimensional imaging, more orthodontists may gradually reach a higher comfort level in using this relatively new technology. 5. Faculty members expressed high willingness to use 3-dimensional imaging if improvement in new technology could allow for more manipulation and accurate soft tissue prediction. 6. 3-dimensional imaging is superior in its efficiency, quick capture time, and lack of need for multiple images. Implementation of 3-dimensional imaging could streamline the records process and help with practice efficiency without compromising the image quality. 7. Both patients and orthodontists may benefit from using 3-dimensional imaging. Patients can see an accurate representation of themselves and possibly view their own treatment simulation upon further improvement in current technology. Orthodontists would benefit with much more accurate images that may serve as the virtual patient. 8. Besides the exorbitantly high cost, faculty members thought that more advances were needed and the current benefit was not great enough to justify the investment. The results were consistent with other studies that used the oblique view in that the 2-dimensional oblique view lacks depth and does not provide adequate information. With further improvement in current 3-dimensional imaging, this technology can benefit orthodontists in visualizing their patients. In addition, patients can benefit by hopefully seeing a live and accurate simulation of themselves instantly as a virtual patient. With these benefits of 3-dimensional imaging, it may one day be the new standard in patient records in the field of orthodontics.

Download or read book 3 D Imaging Technologies in Facial Plastic Surgery An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics written by John Pallanch and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global pool of surgeons and researchers using 3-dimensional imaging for facial plastic surgery present topics on: Image fusion in pre-operative planning; The use of 3D imaging tools including stereolithographic modeling and intraoperative navigation for maxillo-mandibular and complex orbital reconstruction; Custom-made, three-dimensional, intraoperative surgical guides for nasal reconstruction; The benefits and limits of using an integrated 3D virtual approach for maxillofacial surgery; 3D volume assessment techniques and computer-aided design and manufacturing for pre-operative fabrication of implants in head and neck reconstruction; A comparison of different new 3D imaging technologies in facial plastic surgery; 3-D photography in the objective analysis of volume augmentation including fat augmentation and dermal fillers; Assessment of different rhinoplasty techniques by overlay of before and after 3D images; 3D volumetric analysis of combined facial lifting and volumizing (volume enhancement); 3-D facial measurements and perceptions of attractiveness; Teaching 3-D sculpting to Facial Plastic Surgeons, 3-D insights on aesthetics; Creation of the virtual patient for the study of facial morphology; 3-dimensional video analysis of facial movement; 3D modeling of the behavior of facial soft tissues for understanding facial plastic surgery interventions.

Download or read book Graftless Solutions for the Edentulous Patient written by Saj Jivraj and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-21 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, designed to meet the needs of clinicians and now in an extensively revised second edition, clearly explains the rationale and technique for the rehabilitation of fully edentulous patients utilizing traditional graftless concepts as well as zygomatic implant strategies when posterior support cannot be achieved by the former means. Considerations relevant to treatment planning and the biomechanics of immediate loading and zygomatic implants are first discussed. The techniques for placement of traditional tilted and zygomatic implants and for immediate loading of a full arch restoration are then described step by step. Detailed information and guidance are also provided on the different materials available for full arch restorations, laboratory aspects of the definitive restoration, maintenance of restorations, and management of prosthetic and surgical complications. The book concludes with a helpful series of clinical cases. Graftless Solutions for the Edentulous Patient is designed particularly for clinicians with experience in placing and restoring dental implants.

Download or read book Three dimensional Stereophotographic Analysis of Soft Tissue Facial Changes Associated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion written by Bradley Scott Wenande and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Controversies in Clear Aligner Therapy written by Anderson T. Huang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-09 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first evidence-based evaluation of the present limitations and controversies in clear aligner therapy. It discusses problems in software, mechanotherapy, attachment optimization, interceptive treatment, the mandibular advancement appliance, complex movements, interproximal reduction, extraction therapy, deep bite/open bite correction, finishing, and overcorrection. Unlike current available texts on clear aligner therapy, this book features a nonpartisan, critical analysis of the problems of the technique and demonstrates their clinical implications. Unique solutions to the current limitations of clear aligner therapy are presented, and systematic strategies and protocols for addressing a vast range and complexity of malocclusions commonly confronted by practitioners are introduced. The book helps orthodontists, dentists, dental students, dental educators, technicians, and bioengineers to investigate prevailing misconceptions, and to address significant controversies and dilemmas in clear aligner therapy.

Download or read book Facial Growth written by Donald H. Enlow and published by W.B. Saunders Company. This book was released on 1990 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Dimensional Cephalometry written by Gwen R.J. Swennen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-10 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated colour atlas and manual provides orthodontists, maxillofacial and plastic craniofacial surgeons, genetic dysmorphologists and medical anthropologists with exhaustive information on all aspects of three-dimensional cephalometric analysis of hard and soft tissues. The book offers practical, straightforward "step-by-step" guidance for both clinicians and researchers interested in 3-D assessment of the head and face.

Download or read book Investigating the Accuracy and Reproducibility of 3dMDface System for Soft Tissue Analysis written by Yasir M. Kachroo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue (ST) changes from orthodontic treatment can now be evaluated with the development of 3D photography. However, the accuracy and reliability of this method is still in question. This study aims to 1) evaluate the accuracy of 3dMD imaging using caliper, surface, and 3D morphometrics and 2) find standard facial expressions that can be best reproduced by 3dMD imaging for soft tissue analysis. Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) ST facial landmarks were obtained from 40 adults not undergoing orthodontic treatment through the use of 3dMD facial photographic software. A total of 16 landmarks were used and 21 parameters were measured for surface distances (6 in vertical, 10 in anterior posterior, and 5 in transverse). 3dMD images of four different facial expressions (repose (R), maximum intercuspation (MIP), posed smile (S), and smile with lips closed (SLC)) were taken at 0hr, 1hr, 24hr, 1wk, 2wk, 3wk, and 4wk time intervals. As a feasibility test, these measurements were taken on a mannequin at the above time intervals. Superimposition of seven 3dMD images for each facial posture per subject was performed for analysis. Error magnitude statistics: mean absolute difference (MAD), standard deviation of the error (SD), Root MeanSquare Error (RMSE), relative error magnitude (REM), technical error magnitude (TEM), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used.3D morphometrics, seven images were taken of mannequin and subjects posing in MIP and posed smile. These images were loaded into an initial software pipeline to generate a closed mesh. Closed mesh were traced for surface curves and finally loaded into a dual pipeline to average those seven images. Color-coded displacement maps were generated from the dual pipeline images to evaluate changes across the seven time points. T-stats was performed to quantify these changes. Results: Measurements on a mannequin confirmed the reliability of all the landmarks and parameters used in this study. For 40 subjects, 3dMD measurements between ST landmarks were reproducible with a random error lower than 1mm except for the distance from cheilion to cheilion (2.79mm). Comparing across the four facial postures, MIP showed the smallest variation with mean absolute difference (MAD) (2.03mm) and SD (0.81mm). S posture had the largest variation with MAD (2.79mm) and SD (1.28mm). For 3D morphometrics, mannequin showed that the t-stats are at near zero on the face. When applying 3D morphometrics for MIP and posed smile, areas around exocanthion, cheilion, and pronasale showed slight variation. Conclusion: 3dMD can perform ST analysis with both accuracy and reproducibility and can be utilized for evaluating ST changes with dental treatment when using advanced technology like 3D morphometrics. Cheilion, alar base, and exocanthion might not be an appropriate landmark to use for ST analysis. R and MIP facial postures are recommended over smile (S or SLC) for more consistent parameter measurements.

Download or read book Three dimensional Photographic Evaluation of Immediate Soft Tissue Changes Following Rapid Maxillary Expansion written by Nathan Joseph Granillo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The skeletal and dental changes associated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) are well documented. Effects on the soft tissues and the potential impact on facial esthetics have not been well researched. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate changes in facial soft tissues as a result of RME by comparing threedimensional digital photogrammetric images before and after RME treatment. The 3dMDface System was used to obtain photographic images of 21 patients (mean age = 11.8 years) before and after RME treatment for transverse maxillary deficiency. A control group of 13 patients (mean age = 12.7 years) also had two images taken at a similar time interval. Mean expansion was 6.5 mm in the RME patients. Intercanthal distance, nose width, and intercommissural width changed significantly in the RME patients from T0 to T1 (P = 0.011, P = 0.050, and P = 0.003, respectively). Intercommissural width, however, was the only measure that significantly changed as compared with the control group (P = 0.041). Changes in intercanthal distance and nose width were significantly related to the amount of expansion achieved (R2 = 0.428, P = 0.0013 and R2 = 0.501, P = 0.0003, respectively).

Download or read book Handbook of Anthropometry written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 3042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although its underlying concept is a relatively simple one—the measurement of the human body and its parts—anthropometry employs a myriad of methods and instruments, and is useful for a variety of purposes, from understanding the impact of disease on individuals to tracking changes in populations over time. The first interdisciplinary reference on the subject, the Handbook of Anthropometry brings this wide-ranging field together: basic theory and highly specialized topics in normal and abnormal anthropometry in terms of health, disease prevention, and intervention. Over 140 self-contained chapters cover up-to-date indices, the latest studies on computerized methods, shape-capturing systems, and bioelectrical impedance, data concerning single tissues and whole-body variables, and reports from different areas of the world. Chapters feature helpful charts and illustrations, cross-references to related chapters are included, and key points are presented in bullet form for ease of comprehension. Together, the Handbook’s thirteen sections entail all major aspects of anthropometrical practice and research, including: Tools and techniques. Developmental stages, from fetus to elder. Genetic diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Exercise and nutrition. Ethnic, cultural, and geographic populations. Special conditions and circumstances. The Handbook of Anthropometry is an invaluable addition to the reference libraries of a broad spectrum of health professionals, among them health scientists, physicians, physiologists, nutritionists, dieticians, nurses, public health researchers, epidemiologists, exercise physiologists, and physical therapists. It is also useful to college-level students and faculty in the health disciplines, as well as to policymakers and ergonomists.

Download or read book Clinical Facial Analysis written by Fabio Meneghini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated book presents a straightforward non-instrumental method of clinical facial analysis in preparation for aesthetic surgery, orthognathic surgery, and orthodontic treatments. After discussion of various practical aspects of facial examination and photography, analysis of different regions of the face and dentofacial deformities is discussed in a series of detailed chapters. At the end of each of these chapters, multiple-choice checklists are included that will help the reader to perform step-by-step regional analysis. Important features of the book are its multidisciplinary approach and the emphasis placed on the relationship between different parts of the face. This second edition has been thoroughly updated and includes a new chapter on recording and documentation relating specifically to aesthetic facial surgery.

Download or read book Facial Aesthetics written by Farhad B. Naini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis is a unique new illustrated resource for facial aesthetic surgery and dentistry, providing the comprehensive clinical textbook on the art and science of facial aesthetics for clinicians involved in the management of facial deformities, including orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic and reconstructive surgeons and aesthetic dentists. It aims to provide readers with a comprehensive examination of facial aesthetics in the context of dentofacial and craniofacial diagnosis and treatment planning. This aim is achieved through coupling meticulous research and practical clinical advice with beautifully drawn supporting illustrations and diagrams. Structured over 24 logically arranged and easy-to-follow chapters, Part I of Facial Aesthetics covers the historical evidence for facial aesthetic canons and concepts in depth. It incorporates all aspects relevant to the work of the clinician, including the philosophical and scientific theories of facial beauty, facial attractiveness research, facial expression and the psychosocial ramifications of facial deformities. Part II of the book then goes on to examine clinical evaluation and diagnosis in considerable detail under four sections, from the initial consultation interview and acquisition of diagnostic records (section 1), complete clinical examination and analysis of the craniofacial complex (section 2), in depth analysis of each individual facial region using a top-down approach (section 3) and finally focussing on smile and dentogingival aesthetic evaluation (section 4). An in-depth, thoughtful, practical and absorbing reference, Facial Aesthetics will find an enthusiastic reception among facial aesthetic surgeons and aesthetic dentists with an interest in refining their understanding and appreciation of the human face and applying practical protocols to their clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Key features: Examines facial aesthetics in a clinical context Promotes an interdisciplinary approach to facial aesthetic analysis Detailed description of the systematic clinical evaluation of the facial soft tissues and craniodentoskeletal complex Detailed, step-by-step aesthetic analysis of each facial region In-depth analysis of 2D and 3D clinical diagnostic records Evidence-based approach, from antiquity to contemporary scientific evidence, to the guidelines employed in planning the correction of facial deformities Treatment planning from first principles highlighted Clinical notes are highlighted throughout Clearly organized and practical format Highly illustrated in full colour throughout

Download or read book Craniofacial Identification written by Caroline Wilkinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-03 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Draws together a wide range of elements relating to craniofacial analysis and identification, examining the latest advances in the field.

Download or read book Facial Palsy written by Chieh-Han John Tzou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the surgical techniques available in reconstruction of the paralyzed face. It is divided into six parts. The first part introduces the topic of facial palsy, and the following parts provide detailed information on facial nerve reconstruction techniques, management of eye closure and smile reanimation. The book highlights symmetrization techniques and synkinesis and presents innovations and new frontiers in facial palsy.Written by an international group of experts who are committed to maintaining high standards and service in treating this condition and improving outcomes, it is a valuable source of information for clinicians and practitioners in plastic and reconstructive surgery, neurosurgeons and oral-and-maxillofacial surgeons, but also useful for researchers in this field.

Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention MICCAI 2000 written by Scott L. Delp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 1275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2000, held in Pittsburgh, PA, USA in October 2000.The 136 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 194 submissions. The book offers topical sections on neuroimaging and neuroscience, segmentation, oncology, medical image analysis and visualization, registration, surgical planning and simulation, endoscopy and laparoscopy, cardiac image analysis, vascular image analysis, visualization, surgical navigation, medical robotics, plastic and craniofacial surgery, and orthopaedics.