Download or read book Quantifying Water Quality Changes During Managed Aquifer Recharge in a Physically and Chemically Heterogeneous Aquifer written by Carlos Descourvieres Joiko and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] In many parts of the world, depleting water resources and their management are recognised as a fundamental problem. The impact of this problem is enhanced by seasonal as well as long-term imbalances between fresh water supply and demand. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is increasingly used to mitigate these imbalances. MAR operations often involve the injection of oxic waters into anoxic media, which will generally trigger a wide range of mineral dissolution/precipitation, ion exchange and complexation reactions that can alter the water quality. However, while the influence of physical heterogeneity on MAR processes is increasingly recognised, little attention has been devoted to the superposed impact of physical and geochemical heterogeneity on water quality. A comprehensive series of experiments, at both laboratory and field scale, were conducted in the context of a pilot aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) implementation in Perth, Western Australia, to develop a quantitative understanding of the coupled physical and hydrogeochemical processes that affect the quality of the recovered water. In the first part of this study a detailed aquifer characterisation was carried using high-resolution sediment sampling. The minerals that were likely to act as reductants for the oxygen introduced by the injection water and participate in the redox chemical reactions during a MAR operation were identified and quantified. These minerals included: pyrite, sedimentary organic matter (SOM), Fe(II)-carbonates and Fe(II)-silicates. The sediment characterisation was used in conjunction with incubation experiments to investigate correlations between reactive and physical parameters of the aquifer material. Subsequently, long-term batch and column experiments were performed to quantify the kinetics of the reactive processes that emerge under MAR conditions. The different contributions of the reductant and of the different lithologies to the oxygen consumption measured during sediment incubation experiments were quantified. This geochemical characterisation showed that grain size fractionation and hydraulic sorting were the main controlling processes that determined the geochemical signature of the sediments. The aerobic reductive capacity, as defined by the rate of oxygen consumption, was found to be dependant on the reductant concentration but also on the variability in reductant composition and availability...

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Biogeochemical Changes of Groundwater Associated with Managed Aquifer Recharge in Two Different Geographical Areas written by Deborah A. Reed and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a technique that can be used to capture and store water in aquifers for later reuse. This method recycles water that would normally be lost or discarded to the environment. MAR has been observed to have the potential for improving the quality of recharged water through a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in groundwater microbial population structure during MAR and the major influences that drive these population changes. Biogeochemical MAR studies have the potential to assist in the improved prediction of the removal of contaminants such as nutrients, pathogens and trace organics from the recharged water. Biological clogging during recharge also has the potential to overwhelm an aquifers ability to process wastewater thus reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Therefore further research into the spatial and temporal biogeochemical processes that occur during MAR is required. The geochemical and microbial population dynamics of two contrasting MAR techniques were investigated at two different geographical locations (Perth, Western Australia and Adelaide, South Australia). These MAR sites contained aquifers of dissimilar properties that were recharged with wastewater that contrasted in water quality. The Perth MAR site received secondary treated effluent which continuously infiltrated the unsaturated zone into an unconfined aquifer aided by infiltration galleries. Reclaimed water was extracted from a well at distance from the infiltration gallery. ... Notably the background and recovered water was most dissimilar in microbial and chemical population structure to that described for the infiltration gallery and injection well. Microbial and chemical evidence suggested that the background and extraction well groundwater were unaffected by plume migration. These results suggested that extraction well groundwater was similar in quality to that of ambient groundwater. Significant geochemical and microbial changes of secondary treated effluent during infiltration and lateral movement through aquifer were implicated in addition to the forced hydraulic gradient created from extracting fives time the volume of infiltrating wastewater. This study demonstrated that microbial populations and the geochemical processes associated with MAR can be studied and compared. Multivariate statistical methodology greatly simplified a vast array of dynamic biogeochemical information that could be dissected for meaningful interpretation over distance and time. The study evaluated the major biogeochemical influences which resulted in microbial and geochemical changes where it was noted that microbial populations were more dynamic than geochemical variation over time. Additionally biogeochemical comparative analysis indicated that microbial populations could change in population structure before a shift in aquifer geochemistry was detected. It is anticipated that the results from this study will benefit further research into the biogeochemical processes involved in water quality changes (e.g. nutrient removal, pathogen decay and biodegradation of trace organics) as well as controlling biological clogging of MAR schemes.

Download or read book Characterization and Monitoring of Managed Aquifer Recharge written by Chloe Mawer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over a fifth of the world's population lives in an area where there is not enough water to meet demand. However, the problem is not that there is not enough water in the world but that there is not enough of it at either the right time, location or quality. Managed aquifer recharge and recovery (MARR), the intentional act of recharging water into the subsurface for later use, is a water management tool that can help to balance water supply and demand in time, while improving the water's quality. By infiltrating water through the ground via recharge ponds into an aquifer and storing it there until it is needed, MARR has huge potential in the future for mitigating water management challenges. However, for MARR systems to be adopted at a wide scale, better tools are needed to ensure that a system is successful. I define in this dissertation MARR success to mean a project is capable of infiltrating a provided volume of water over a given time period, recovering all of it when desired, and improving its quality to a set level. Actions to meet these objectives must be taken during both project design and operations. The research in this thesis focuses on improving MARR success post-construction. I suggest that one approach for improving MARR success is to define an optimal range of infiltration rates needed for a given recharge pond to maximize the amount of water infiltrated, recovered and cleaned and to monitor in real-time infiltration rates across the pond to ensure they fall within this range. The goal of this research was to advance the knowledge and tools available for carrying out this characterization and monitoring, primarily through the use of electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), which, as is discussed, is well suited for use in the unsaturated zone. I do so by developing MARR specific methods as well as by advancing our understanding of the relationship between hydrologic and electrical properties that can be used in contexts outside of MARR. The contributions of this thesis fall into four categories: 1) development of methods for characterizing the unsaturated zone in order to define optimal infiltration rates using ERI, 2) development of methods for monitoring infiltration, 3) a discovery of a new relationship relating electrical conductivity in the unsaturated zone to hydraulic conductivity, and 4) contribution to understanding of MARR infiltration processes. I develop two methods for using electrical resistivity data to estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity and unsaturated soil properties and demonstrate their use with synthetic data sets. The first method uses a vertical electrical conductivity profile, already inverted for from geophysical data. However, by sequentially performing a hydrologic and geophysical inversion, features can be lost and in the second method, I address this by developing a coupled geophysical-hydrologic inversion method. The method takes as its input the electrical resistivity data obtained in the field and estimates saturated hydraulic conductivity, which can be used to define an upper bound on infiltration rates for optimal MARR operations. The method is unique because it uses heat transport modeling to more accurately estimate the change of fluid conductivity throughout the soil profile due to diurnal and long-term temperature fluctuations, which in other methods is assumed to be known or to not change. It also takes advantage of a new inversion method, the principal component geostatistical approach (PCGA), which reduces the number of forward model runs needed to estimate the Jacobian matrix during inversion. Monitoring infiltration requires real-time information. Therefore, direct relationships between data and desired quantities, such as infiltration rates are key. I introduce in this dissertation the concept of local infiltration efficiency, which can be an alternative metric to infiltration rate for monitoring recharge. I show that with both distributed temperature sensor (DTS) data and electrical resistivity (ER) data that local infiltration efficiency is a more robust metric to monitor because it does not rely on parameters that are difficult to estimate. The metric also clearly shows how a given location is performing over time, allowing for the identification of clogging and other processes that need to be addressed. Next, I demonstrate that even during transient infiltration rates, the vertical pressure gradient within the vadose zone is negligible, which allows infiltration and unsaturated flow rates to be estimated as hydraulic conductivity. This simplification becomes valuable for monitoring infiltration rates because we can relate electrical conductivity, which can be measured in the field, to hydraulic conductivity. I first show how this can be done by combining Archie's equation, which relates electrical conductivity to saturation and a van Genuchten equation, which relates saturation to hydraulic conductivity. Such formulation then provides a direct way of estimating infiltration rates using a single electrical conductivity measurement and a few soil specific parameters and does not require a cumbersome hydrologic inversion. Since, in soils with negligible surface conduction, electrical conductivity and hydraulic conductivity are both controlled by water content and the geometry of the pore space, I explore through pore-scale numerical experiments the relationship between these two quantities. I found that relative hydraulic conductivity (hydraulic conductivity divided by saturated hydraulic conductivity) and relative electrical conductivity (electrical conductivity divided by saturated electrical conductivity) are related by a power law. This finding provides a new petrophysical relationship relating electrical conductivity to a hydrologic parameter of interest. It reduces the parameters necessary to relate hydraulic and electrical conductivity done previously through the van Genuchten and Archie equations and allows for a relatively simple method for estimating infiltration rate directly from electrical conductivity measurement. Lastly, a field experiment was performed at a recharge pond outside Denver, Colorado where DTS and ER data were taken. These data were used to demonstrate the methods and relationships discussed in this thesis. In doing so, some processes were observed. First, I quantified the effects of heterogeneous soil properties on infiltration behavior. The field data showed that infiltration rates to varied over an order of magnitude across the basin and I showed that this heterogeneity caused 78 percent of the influent to infiltrate through 50 percent of the pond. This finding shows the importance of spatial monitoring of infiltration rates because a pond-average infiltration rate could imply that infiltration is slow enough for the water to reach a minimum residence time in the vadose zone and not cause lateral loss of flow but in actual fact a large portion of the water could be infiltrating at a rate much faster than optimal. Additionally, through the estimation of local infiltration efficiency across the basin over time, clogging behavior within the pond was observed. It was seen that the east side decreased in infiltration efficiency faster and more significantly than the west side. This decrease in efficiency on the east side was ascribed to the development of a clogging layer, which was visible on the east side of the pond after the infiltration event but not the west. This finding shows that clogging develops faster across more permeable portions of a pond bottom, which could be due to the fact that more water is moving to these areas, which delivers nutrients that cause bacteria and algae growth and clogging particulates. Additionally, infiltration rates are only limited through soils with a hydraulic conductivity higher than the clogging layer above, so clogging will decrease infiltration rates and efficiency in higher permeability soils before and to a greater extent than in lower permeability soils.

Download or read book Guidelines and Techniques for Obtaining Water Samples that Accurately Represent the Water Chemistry of an Aquifer written by Hans C. Claassen and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing aquifer recharge written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Microbiology written by Ian Pepper and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For microbiology and environmental microbiology courses, this leading textbook builds on the academic success of the previous edition by including a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of environmental microbiology as a discipline that has grown in scope and interest in recent years. From environmental science and microbial ecology to topics in molecular genetics, this edition relates environmental microbiology to the work of a variety of life science, ecology, and environmental science investigators. The authors and editors have taken the care to highlight links between environmental microbiology and topics important to our changing world such as bioterrorism and national security with sections on practical issues such as bioremediation, waterborne pathogens, microbial risk assessment, and environmental biotechnology.WHY ADOPT THIS EDITION? New chapters on: - Urban Environmental Microbiology - Bacterial Communities in Natural Ecosystems - Global Change and Microbial Infectious Disease - Microorganisms and Bioterrorism - Extreme Environments (emphasizing the ecology of these environments) - Aquatic Environments (now devoted to its own chapter- was combined with Extreme Environments) Updates to Methodologies: - Nucleic Acid -Based Methods: microarrays, phyloarrays, real-time PCR, metagomics, and comparative genomics - Physiological Methods: stable isotope fingerprinting and functional genomics and proteomics-based approaches - Microscopic Techniques: FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and atomic force microscopy - Cultural Methods: new approaches to enhanced cultivation of environmental bacteria - Environmental Sample Collection and Processing: added section on air sampling

Download or read book Quantification of the Probable Environmental Effects of the Hinds Managed Aquifer Recharge Trial Using Mathematical Modelling and Advanced Uncertainty Techniques University of Canterbury College of Science Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management WATR 690A Master of Water Resource Management Thesis written by Kim Patrick Durney and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing Ground water Vulnerability to Contamination written by Michael J. Focazio and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health written by Geneviève M. Carr and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.

Download or read book Handbook of Applied Hydrology Second Edition written by Vijay P. Singh and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 1438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully Updated Hydrology Principles, Methods, and Applications Thoroughly revised for the first time in 50 years, this industry-standard resource features chapter contributions from a “who’s who” of international hydrology experts. Compiled by a colleague of the late Dr. Chow, Chow’s Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Second Edition, covers scientific and engineering fundamentals and presents all-new methods, processes, and technologies. Complete details are provided for the full range of ecosystems and models. Advanced chapters look to the future of hydrology, including climate change impacts, extraterrestrial water, social hydrology, and water security. Chow’s Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Second Edition, covers: · The Fundamentals of Hydrology · Data Collection and Processing · Hydrology Methods · Hydrologic Processes and Modeling · Sediment and Pollutant Transport · Hydrometeorologic and Hydrologic Extremes · Systems Hydrology · Hydrology of Large River and Lake Basins · Applications and Design · The Future of Hydrology

Download or read book Water Quality Changes During Aquifer Storage and Recovery written by Joanne Lesley Vanderzalm and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Groundwater Recharge from Run off Infiltration and Percolation written by K.-P. Seiler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To face the threats to the water supply and to maintain sustainable water management policies, detailed knowledge is needed on the surface-to-subsurface transformation link in the water cycle. Recharge flux is covered in this book as well as many other groundwater issues, including a comparison of the traditional and modern approaches to determine groundwater recharge. The authors also explain in detail the fate of groundwater recharge in the subsurface by hydraulic and geologic means, in order to stimulate adapted groundwater-management strategies.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Streamflow depletion by wells written by Paul M. Barlow and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience written by Peter Dillon and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a hard copy of the editorial and all the papers in a Special Issue of the peer-reviewed open access journal ‘Water’ on the theme ‘Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience’. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the purposeful recharge of water to aquifers for subsequent recovery or environmental benefit. MAR is increasingly used to make water supplies resilient to drought, climate change and deteriorating water quality, and to protect ecosystems from declining groundwater levels. Global MAR has grown exponentially to 10 cu.km/year and will increase ten-fold within a few decades. Well informed hydrogeologists, engineers and water quality scientists are needed to ensure that this investment is effective in meeting increasingly pressing needs. This compilation contains lessons from many examples of existing projects, including several national and continental summaries. It also addresses the elements essential for identifying and advancing projects such as mapping aquifer suitability and opportunities, policy matters, operational issues, and some innovations in MAR methods and monitoring. This collection exemplifies the state of progress in the science and practice of MAR and is intended to be useful, at least to water managers, water utilities, agricultural water users and urban planners, to facilitate water resilience through new MAR projects.

Download or read book Prospects for Managed Underground Storage of Recoverable Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-07 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing demands for water in many parts of the nation are fueling the search for new approaches to sustainable water management, including how best to store water. Society has historically relied on dams and reservoirs, but problems such as high evaporation rates and a lack of suitable land for dam construction are driving interest in the prospect of storing water underground. Managed underground storage should be considered a valuable tool in a water manager's portfolio, although it poses its own unique challenges that need to be addressed through research and regulatory measures.

Download or read book Aquifer Characterization Techniques written by Robert G. Maliva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of techniques that are available to characterize sedimentary aquifers. Groundwater flow and solute transport are strongly affected by aquifer heterogeneity. Improved aquifer characterization can allow for a better conceptual understanding of aquifer systems, which can lead to more accurate groundwater models and successful water management solutions, such as contaminant remediation and managed aquifer recharge systems. This book has an applied perspective in that it considers the practicality of techniques for actual groundwater management and development projects in terms of costs, technical resources and expertise required, and investigation time. A discussion of the geological causes, types, and scales of aquifer heterogeneity is first provided. Aquifer characterization methods are then discussed, followed by chapters on data upscaling, groundwater modelling, and geostatistics. This book is a must for every practitioner, graduate student, or researcher dealing with aquifer characterization .