Download or read book Quantifying Mass Transfer Processes in Groundwater as a Function of Molecular Structure Variation for Multicomponent NAPL Sources written by Joe Boone Abbott and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in soil and groundwater is difficult and expensive to remediate. Complications exist for remediation of multicomponent NAPL sources due to differences in dissolution behavior at the molecular level. The dissolution behavior of two contaminants of concern (COC), trichloroethene (TCE) and toluene (TOL), was compared as binary mixtures within hexane, decane, and hexadecane. The relative ideality of mass transfer processes for TCE and TOL from the binary NAPL mixtures was evaluated by comparing aqueous-phase COC concentrations calculated using Raoult's Law to the observed equilibrium aqueous-phase COC concentrations for a series of batch dissolution experiments. As mole fraction ratios of the COCs (i.e., TCE and TOL) within the NAPL source decrease, dissolution nonideality generally increases for such multicomponent NAPL mixtures. A series of comprehensive equilibrium batch experiments was conducted to understand and quantify the systematic influence of bulk NAPL carbon-chain length on the dissolution behavior of TCE and TOL. The differences between the observed COC equilibrium and Raoult's Law-predicted concentrations are likely due to specific intra-NAPL component interactions that occur and thereby affect mass transfer dynamics from the multicomponent NAPL mixture. However, no particular correlation between the observed COC aqueous-phase equilibrium concentrations (via dissolution) and the COC-NAPL mixture's bulk NAPL carbon chain length was determined. A static equilibrium-solubility model was used to estimate activity coefficients for TCE and TOL within various carbon-length aliphatic bulk NAPL mixtures (i.e., hexane, decane, hexadecane). The xlUNIFAC Model was used to simulate the mixtures for comparison to the batch experimental systems, following the UNIFAC group contribution methods for estimating phase equilibrium. TOL (aromatic structure) showed greater nonideal dissolution behavior than TCE (aliphatic structure) in the presence of the different bulk-NAPL components used for this study. The results of this work suggest that the prediction of aqueous phase concentrations in groundwater of COCs from complex multicomponent NAPL sources is highly dependent upon both compositional and molecular structural variations. Such impacts should be taken into account when designing and evaluating a particular remediation strategy and/or predicting COC concentrations from a NAPL source zone region.
Download or read book Mass Transfer in Chemical Engineering Processes written by Jozef Markoš and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-04 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers several solutions or approaches in solving mass transfer problems for different practical chemical engineering applications: measurements of the diffusion coefficients, estimation of the mass transfer coefficients, mass transfer limitation in separation processes like drying, extractions, absorption, membrane processes, mass transfer in the microbial fuel cell design, and problems of the mass transfer coupled with the heterogeneous combustion. I believe this book can provide its readers with interesting ideas and inspirations or direct solutions of their particular problems.
Download or read book Mass Transfer written by J. A. Wesselingh and published by New York : E. Horwood. This book was released on 1990 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines mass transfer resistance in all chemical engineering processes from a single viewpoint, arguing that mass transfer can be understood and analyzed without complex mathematics.
Download or read book Mass Transfer in Multicomponent Mixtures written by J. A. Wesselingh and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multicomponent Mass Transfer written by and published by . This book was released on 198? with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mass Transfer written by N. Anantharaman and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2017-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Download or read book Diffusion and Mass Transfer written by James S. Vrentas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proper understanding of diffusion and mass transfer theory is critical for obtaining correct solutions to many transport problems. Diffusion and Mass Transfer presents a comprehensive summary of the theoretical aspects of diffusion and mass transfer and applies that theory to obtain detailed solutions for a large number of important problems. Particular attention is paid to various aspects of polymer behavior, including polymer diffusion, sorption in polymers, and volumetric behavior of polymer–solvent systems. The book first covers the five elements necessary to formulate and solve mass transfer problems, that is, conservation laws and field equations, boundary conditions, constitutive equations, parameters in constitutive equations, and mathematical methods that can be used to solve the partial differential equations commonly encountered in mass transfer problems. Jump balances, Green’s function solution methods, and the free-volume theory for the prediction of self-diffusion coefficients for polymer–solvent systems are among the topics covered. The authors then use those elements to analyze a wide variety of mass transfer problems, including bubble dissolution, polymer sorption and desorption, dispersion, impurity migration in plastic containers, and utilization of polymers in drug delivery. The text offers detailed solutions, along with some theoretical aspects, for numerous processes including viscoelastic diffusion, moving boundary problems, diffusion and reaction, membrane transport, wave behavior, sedimentation, drying of polymer films, and chromatography. Presenting diffusion and mass transfer from both engineering and fundamental science perspectives, this book can be used as a text for a graduate-level course as well as a reference text for research in diffusion and mass transfer. The book includes mass transfer effects in polymers, which are very important in many industrial processes. The attention given to the proper setup of numerous problems along with the explanations and use of mathematical solution methods will help readers in properly analyzing mass transfer problems.
Download or read book Mass Transfer Process Calculations written by H. Sawistowski and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Chemical Mass Transport in the Environment written by Donald Mackay and published by . This book was released on 2024-10-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop resource on environmental mass transfer processes and mass transport coefficient estimation methods, this volume begins by discussing mass transport fundamentals from an environmental perspective. It examines the fugacity approach to environmental mass transfer as well as the conventional approach, and presents the appropriate flux eq
Download or read book Mass Transfer of SCWO Processes written by M. G. E. Goemans and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applicability of Multiphase multicomponent Numerical Models to Simulate Mass Transfer of Entrapped NAPLS written by Quentin R. Moore and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calculation of Multicomponent Mass Transfer Between Dispersed and Continuous Phases written by Ville Alopaeus and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mass transfer with chemical reaction in multiphase systems written by Erdoǧan Alper and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation written by Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Characterization Modeling Monitoring and Remediation of Fractured Rock written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.
