Download or read book Quantifying Air Flow Rate Through a Server in an Operational Data Center and Assessing the Impact of Using Theoretical Fan Curve written by Neha Shigrekar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cooling is one of the major cost factors in data centres that accounts for 37% of the total data centre electricity consumption. Demands on cooling systems have increased substantially in recent years, due to increasing server densities. To avoid the overheating of servers, cooling aisles are over provisioned, but little attention is paid to the actual scenario at the server level. Cooling requirements of the servers is calculated on the basis of fan manufacturer's published data for the air flow capacity of the server fan and system impedance data obtained from the server designer put together. Thus, the air flow rate through the system is assumed to be the theoretical air flow rate delivered by the server fans that can overcome the system impedance of the server. The following experimental work analyses the impact of different flow conditions on the volumetric flow rates through the server .Operating points are obtained at various fan duty cycles. The air flow rates through the server at various operating points are quantified in ideal and operational data centre conditions. The study predicts that this data will be useful to quantify the actual air flow rate across the racks and might be useful in controlling the facility parameters that will modulate the airflow distribution and in turn the power consumption due to cooling.
Download or read book Air Flow Management in Raised Floor Data Centers written by Vaibhav K. Arghode and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Brief discuss primarily two aspects of air flow management in raised floor data centers. Firstly, cooling air delivery through perforated tiles will be examined and influence of the tile geometry on flow field development and hot air entrainment above perforated tiles will be discussed. Secondly, the use of cold aisle containment to physically separate hot and cold regions, and minimize hot and cold air mixing will be presented. Both experimental investigations and computational efforts are discussed and development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based models for simulating air flow in data centers is included. In addition, metrology tools for facility scale air velocity and temperature measurement, and air flow rate measurement through perforated floor tiles and server racks are examined and the authors present thermodynamics-based models to gauge the effectiveness and importance of air flow management schemes in data centers.
Download or read book Impact of Louver Orientation on Air Flow Distribution and Thermal Management of Data Centers written by Kushal A. Aurangabadkar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays with the increasing use of technology, Traditional data centers are being replaced by the highly efficient Containerized or Modular Data centers. The cooling systems and constructional cost employed for Traditional Data centers is more and inefficient. The research intricate, about 23% of the power is consumed by HVAC cooling units and which in turn leads to increase in operational costs. Hence in order to reduce the operational costs, free cooling with Air side economizer is incorporated, compared to other cooling systems. Airflow Distribution plays an important role in the Thermal management, if the airflow is less in quantity it may lead to unpredictable thermal performance, while too much airflow may cause the server fans to blow-off or damage to the servers. Numerous research and study has been done on the use of louvers as shading devices for residential purposes but the study on Impact of the louver orientation on Air Flow Distribution and Thermal Management is limited. The amount of airflow allowed to pass through louvered window is function of its face velocity. The Air-Flow pattern through the louvered window is determined by the louver orientation. These two factors directed us to do a study on the Impact of the Louvers orientation on the Air Flow Distribution and Thermal Management of Data center. The first half of the thesis will discuss design and modeling of IT equipment's including Power cooling module, Air Plenum, Data centers using commercially available CFD software. It would also segregate there Heat load specifications along with a brief overview of Free Cooling and importance of louvers. The CFD modeling and analysis will include the advantages of using a compact model instead of the detailed model. The second part will discuss effects on the thermal performance and Air Flow Distribution for 0, 15,25,35,45 Degree Louver angle cases. However on comparing the simulation results for different angle cases, we find with the increase in the Louver angle, re-circulations are incurred which in turn affects the Thermal management inside the IT equipment's. The system is optimized comparing different louver angles. The study was done in collaboration with an industrial partner and such of the results have been adopted in various cooling systems.
Download or read book Improving Cooling Efficiency of Servers by Replacing Smaller Chassis Enclosed Fans with Larger Rack mount Fans written by Bharath Nagendran and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a common practice in the data center industry, chassis fans are used to direct air flow independent from neighboring servers. However, these fans are less efficient compared to larger rack level counterparts and also operate at higher sound levels. In this study, a novel approach is proposed whereby the smaller chassis enclosed fans are replaced with an array of larger fans, installed behind the stacked servers that share air flow. As a baseline study for comparison of the current scenario, a CPU dominated 1.5U Open Compute server, with four 60mm fans installed within the server, is characterized experimentally for its flow impedance, air flow rate, effect on die temperature and power consumption for various compute utilization levels. Larger fans with a square frame size of 80mm are carefully selected and individually characterized for their air moving capacity and power consumption. CFD is used to simulate the system of stacked servers and larger fans to obtain its flow characteristics and operating points. The fan power consumption of the larger fans is determined experimentally at these operating points replicated in an air flow bench. Comparing with the base line experiments, this study predicts a significant decrease in fan power consumption, without conceding the flow rate and the static pressure requirements of the server.
Download or read book Thermo mechanical Design Considerations at the Server and Rack Level to Achieve Maximum Data Center Energy Efficiency written by Richard Mark Eiland and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continually increasing demand for information technology (IT) applications and services has provided sustained growth and interest in data centers. The large amounts of energy consumed by data center facilities have placed a significant emphasis on the energy efficiency of their overall operation. One area of particular importance is the cooling energy required. Heat generation within a data center starts at the server level, specifically within the microelectronic devices that process digital information. Convective heat transfer is the primary driver for the removal of heat from an individual server. As such, cooling efficiency at the server level will be dictated by the pumping power required to move a cooling fluid through the system. Many methods are available for removing heat from the server, either with air or liquids as the cooling medium. This work evaluates new, efficient approaches for removing that heat and the pertinent design considerations that must be taken into account for successful implementation. In general, smaller fans operate at lower efficiencies than larger fans of proportional linear dimensions. The applicability of replacing smaller, 60mm fans from within the chassis of web servers with an array of either 80mm or 120mm fans consolidated to the back of a rack is experimentally tested. Initial characterization of the selected fans showed the larger 80mm and 120mm fans operate at double peak total efficiency of the smaller 60mm fans. A stack of four servers was used in a laboratory setting to represent a rack of servers. When all four servers were stressed at uniform computational loadings, the 80mm fan array resulted in between 50.1% to 52.6% reduction in total rack fan power compared to the baseline 60mm fans. The 120mm fan array showed similar reduction in rack fan power of 47.6% to 54.0% over the baseline 60mm fan configuration. Since actual data centers rarely operate at uniform computational loading across servers in a rack, a worst case scenario test was conceived. In this test, the arrays of larger fans were controlled by a single server operating at peak computational workload while the other three in the rack remained idle. Despite significant overcooling in the three idle servers, the 80mm and 120mm fan configurations still showed 35.3% and 33.8% reduction in total rack fan power compared to the best possible operation of the 60mm fans. The findings in this study strongly suggest that a rack-level fan scheme in which servers share airflow is more efficient alternative to fans contained within the server. Air flow management is a critical tool to maintain efficient operation of a data center cooling scheme. Provisioning of airflow from CRAC units and containment systems often lead to changes in the static pressure at the inlet to server racks. Through experimental testing on an Air Flow Bench it is observer that static pressure at the inlet to servers has a significant influence on the thermal performance and fan cooling energy consumption within the server itself. Reduction in server fan power or component temperatures can be achieved by increasing the static pressure at the server inlet. Complementary design and control at the room level with this information at the server level can lead to reduction in overall system fan power and more energy efficient data center operation. Complete immersion of servers in dielectric mineral oil has recently become a promising technique for minimizing cooling energy consumption in data centers. However, a lack of sufficient published data and long term documentation of oil immersion cooling performance makes most data center operators hesitant to apply these approaches to their mission critical facilities. In this study, a single server was fully submerged horizontally in mineral oil. Experiments were conducted to observe the effects of varying the volumetric flow rate and oil inlet temperature on the thermal performance and power consumption of the server. Specifically, temperature measurements of the CPUs, motherboard components, and bulk fluid were recorded at steady state conditions. These results provide an initial bounding envelope of environmental conditions suitable for an oil immersion data center. Comparing the results from baseline tests performed with traditional air cooing, the technology shows a 34.4% reduction in the thermal resistance of the system. The cooling loop was able to achieve partial power usage effectiveness (pPUECooling) values as low as 1.03. This server-level study provides a preview of possible facility energy savings by utilizing high temperature, low flow rate oil for cooling. Following this, visual observations, microscopic measurements, and testing of mechanical properties were taken. Evaluation of the technology's impact on the mechanical reliability of components and operability of data centers is made.
Download or read book PUE written by and published by Ashrae. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Simplifies the absorption and use of the PUE metric and allows executives to gain understanding of the concepts surrounding PUE, while providing application knowledge and resources to those implementing and reporting data center metrics"--
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Popular Mechanics written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle.
Download or read book Improving Compressed Air System Performance written by and published by U.S. Department of Energy. This book was released on with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers written by Yogendra Joshi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-23 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers examines energy flow in today's data centers. Particular focus is given to the state-of-the-art thermal management and thermal design approaches now being implemented across the multiple length scales involved. The impact of future trends in information technology hardware, and emerging software paradigms such as cloud computing and virtualization, on thermal management are also addressed. The book explores computational and experimental characterization approaches for determining temperature and air flow patterns within data centers. Thermodynamic analyses using the second law to improve energy efficiency are introduced and used in proposing improvements in cooling methodologies. Reduced-order modeling and robust multi-objective design of next generation data centers are discussed.
Download or read book The Naval Aviation Maintenance Program NAMP Maintenance data systems written by United States. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Command Of The Air written by General Giulio Douhet and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the pantheon of air power spokesmen, Giulio Douhet holds center stage. His writings, more often cited than perhaps actually read, appear as excerpts and aphorisms in the writings of numerous other air power spokesmen, advocates-and critics. Though a highly controversial figure, the very controversy that surrounds him offers to us a testimonial of the value and depth of his work, and the need for airmen today to become familiar with his thought. The progressive development of air power to the point where, today, it is more correct to refer to aerospace power has not outdated the notions of Douhet in the slightest In fact, in many ways, the kinds of technological capabilities that we enjoy as a global air power provider attest to the breadth of his vision. Douhet, together with Hugh “Boom” Trenchard of Great Britain and William “Billy” Mitchell of the United States, is justly recognized as one of the three great spokesmen of the early air power era. This reprint is offered in the spirit of continuing the dialogue that Douhet himself so perceptively began with the first edition of this book, published in 1921. Readers may well find much that they disagree with in this book, but also much that is of enduring value. The vital necessity of Douhet’s central vision-that command of the air is all important in modern warfare-has been proven throughout the history of wars in this century, from the fighting over the Somme to the air war over Kuwait and Iraq.
Download or read book Backpacker written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-03 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Backpacker brings the outdoors straight to the reader's doorstep, inspiring and enabling them to go more places and enjoy nature more often. The authority on active adventure, Backpacker is the world's first GPS-enabled magazine, and the only magazine whose editors personally test the hiking trails, camping gear, and survival tips they publish. Backpacker's Editors' Choice Awards, an industry honor recognizing design, feature and product innovation, has become the gold standard against which all other outdoor-industry awards are measured.
Download or read book Measurement and Computation of Streamflow written by Saul Edward Rantz and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Data Center Handbook written by Hwaiyu Geng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the fundamentals, technologies, and best practices in designing, constructing and managing mission critical, energy efficient data centers Organizations in need of high-speed connectivity and nonstop systems operations depend upon data centers for a range of deployment solutions. A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. It generally includes multiple power sources, redundant data communications connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression) and security devices. With contributions from an international list of experts, The Data Center Handbook instructs readers to: Prepare strategic plan that includes location plan, site selection, roadmap and capacity planning Design and build "green" data centers, with mission critical and energy-efficient infrastructure Apply best practices to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions Apply IT technologies such as cloud and virtualization Manage data centers in order to sustain operations with minimum costs Prepare and practice disaster reovery and business continuity plan The book imparts essential knowledge needed to implement data center design and construction, apply IT technologies, and continually improve data center operations.
Download or read book Management Information Systems written by Kenneth C. Laudon and published by Pearson Educación. This book was released on 2004 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management Information Systems provides comprehensive and integrative coverage of essential new technologies, information system applications, and their impact on business models and managerial decision-making in an exciting and interactive manner. The twelfth edition focuses on the major changes that have been made in information technology over the past two years, and includes new opening, closing, and Interactive Session cases.
Download or read book Research Methods in Human Development written by Paul C. Cozby and published by WCB/McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 1989 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For undergradute social science majors. A textbook on the interpretation and use of research. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
