Download or read book Qualification of a Ni Cu Alloy for the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process LPBF written by Iris Raffeis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Surface Enhancement INCASE 2021 written by Yuefan Wei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-21 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the ‘2nd International Conference on Advanced Surface Enhancement’, INCASE 2021. It comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-arts in surface engineering related techniques and strategies, towards industrialization. The topics include ‘Advances in Surface Engineering’, ‘Surface and sub-surface Characterisation’, ‘Surface Coatings’ and ‘Modeling and Simulation’. With the opportunities and challenges discussed, this book identifies the gaps between research and manufacturing. The innovative ideas presented promote technology adoption in industry, for the future of manufacturing.
Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Copper based Alloy by Laser Powder Bed Fusion written by Binghao Lu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copper (Cu) and Cu-alloy are good candidates for the engineered components that require good thermal and electrical conductivity. Since industry often needs sophisticated components that cannot be made easily by traditional methods, such as casting, forging and machining, research for additive manufacturing of copper-based alloy is on demand. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the optimization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Cu-10 wt.% Sn alloy and pure Cu based on their characteristics such as relative density/porosity, surface roughness, phase constitutes, melt pool dimension, and dendrite arm spacings dimension, determined by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope. LPBF, also known as selective laser melting, was carried out for the Cu-10Sn alloy with varying parameters of laser power from 200W to 350W, laser scan speed from 100mm/s to 1000mm/s, hatch spacing from 0.06mm to 0.21mm, and slice thickness of 0.03mm. Relative density of 98% to 100% by Archimedes Principle and nearly 100% by image analysis were obtained for a large range of parameters for Cu10Sn samples, which shows a very good printability of Cu10Sn over a large window of processing parameter. [alpha]-FCC Cu, [delta]-Cu41Sn11 eutectoid phase and [alpha]-FCC Cu phase were observed on the printed Cu10Sn samples. Flaws related to keyhole was observed according to the energy input estimated by energy density of LPBF. Melt pool of all samples were measured, and its dimension had a linear relationship with the energy density. LPBF of pure Cu was also explored with varying parameters of laser power from 200W to 350W, laser scan speed from 50mm/s to 800mm/s, with a constant slice thickness of 0.03mm. Relative density of the LPBF pure Cu varied from 80% to 88%, and the flaws were mostly non-spherical, suggesting the lack of fusion to fully melt the Cu powder.
Download or read book Materials Development by Additive Manufacturing Techniques written by Paolo Fino and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are gaining more and more attention from many industrial fields, mainly because they are revolutionizing the components’ designs and production lines. The complete industrialization of these processes has to be supported by the full understanding of correlation between AM building conditions and the final materials’ properties. Another critical aspect is that nowadays only a reduced number of materials processable by AM are available on the market. It is, therefore, fundamental to widen the materials’ portfolio, and to study and develop new materials that can take advantage of these unique building processes.
Download or read book Laser Powder Bed Fusion L PBF Produced Parts Nickel Alloy Corrosion and Heat Resistant 62Ni 21 5Cr 9 0Mo 3 65Nb Stress Relieved Hot Isostatic Pressed and Solution Annealed written by AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of parts produced by laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) that are subjected to post-deposition stress relief (SR), hot isostatic press (HIP) and solution anneal operations. Parts may require subsequent machining or surface finishing to meet specific application requirements. This Aerospace Material Specification is intended to provide technical requirements and quality assurance provisions and to reference additional required specifications for precursor materials, process and all secondary operations for the laser powder bed processing of the Ni-base superalloy 625. No such standard currently exists.
Download or read book Pulse Laser Powder Bed Fusion of High Strength Aluminum Alloys written by Andrew Walker and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work presents the foundation and results of a study of the pulse laser powder bed fusion process (P-LPBF). It focuses on the unique opportunity offered for the additive manufacturing (AM) industry to control the microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength aluminum alloys.A literature review has been presented covering the topics; additive manufacturing, high strength aluminum alloys, solidification physics, and evaporation phenomena. The work goes on to present results of a P-LPBF processing study of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu and Al-Mg-Si alloys. It was found that as built specimens of 98.0±0.5 Vol% density were achievable for the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, whereas samples with 99.3±0.4 Vol% density were produced from the Al-Mg-Si alloy.Solidification microstructures were examined and found to present highly refined second phases with coarse melt pool regions for both alloys. Quantitative analysis of the solidification behaviour of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was conducted with the CGM and KGT microstructure development models. It was concluded that neither alloy exhibited significant departure from equilibrium solidification behaviour. The bulk chemical analyses of P-LPBF specimens of each alloy indicated that significant solute loss had occurred. Standard T6 heat treatment procedures were applied to the samples, yielding the expected microstructure and hardness results. The observed hardness of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy samples were found to fall below the wrought material while Al-Mg-Si alloy samples were able to slightly exceed the wrought properties. Solute loss was identified as the main variable driving this phenomenon. The AA7175 composition was more sensitive to solute loss as it depended more heavily on precipitation strengthening, while AA6061 made significant use of the Hall-Petch hardening mechanism, allowing it to tolerate substantial solute loss while maintaining the desired mechanical properties.In summary, this work has investigated the microstructural, mechanical, and chemical properties of two solidification crack susceptible aluminum alloys. The findings clearly demonstrate promising results for the feasibility of P-LPBF AM processing of high strength aluminium alloys." --
Download or read book Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Additive Manufacturing Technology written by Di Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically introduces the powder bed laser melting technology and its application and summarizes the author's team's experience in scientific research, engineering development, and data accumulation in recent 15 years. It includes in-depth theoretical analysis and a lot of engineering experience in equipment debugging, process development, and material testing. The book takes the powder bed laser melting technology as the object and divides the content into 15 chapters. It is used as technical learning materials for researchers and engineering development personnel engaged in metal 3D printing.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals written by Igor Yadroitsev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-23 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser powder bed fusion of metals is a technology that makes use of a laser beam to selectively melt metal powder layer-by-layer in order to fabricate complex geometries in high performance materials. The technology is currently transforming aerospace and biomedical manufacturing and its adoption is widening into other industries as well, including automotive, energy, and traditional manufacturing. With an increase in design freedom brought to bear by additive manufacturing, new opportunities are emerging for designs not possible previously and in material systems that now provide sufficient performance to be qualified in end-use mission-critical applications. After decades of research and development, laser powder bed fusion is now enabling a new era of digitally driven manufacturing. Fundamentals of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals will provide the fundamental principles in a broad range of topics relating to metal laser powder bed fusion. The target audience includes new users, focusing on graduate and undergraduate students; however, this book can also serve as a reference for experienced users as well, including senior researchers and engineers in industry. The current best practices are discussed in detail, as well as the limitations, challenges, and potential research and commercial opportunities moving forward. - Presents laser powder bed fusion fundamentals, as well as their inherent challenges - Provides an up-to-date summary of this advancing technology and its potential - Provides a comprehensive textbook for universities, as well as a reference for industry - Acts as quick-reference guide
Download or read book Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Precipitation hardened Rene 41 and Rene 77 Nickel Base Superalloys written by Sila Atabay and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a promising technology that enables production of complex parts with unique freedom in design and short lead times. For applications requiring high strength and high temperature resistance, Ni-base superalloys are the primary choice of materials. Although variety of superalloys can be produced through LPBF, most high strength alloys are prone to cracking and considered difficult to weld. The main objective of this research is to assess the processability of precipitation hardenable Ni-base superalloys by LPBF. For this purpose, processing of two different precipitation hardenable alloys, Rene 41 (R41) having a fair weldability and Rene 77 (R77) categorized as difficult to weld, are studied along with their microstructural development and mechanical properties. First, R41 alloy was produced by LPBF, and its microstructural evolution was investigated. Crack-free, dense samples were produced upon parameter optimization. The as-built (AB) microstructure revealed columnar grains with a preferred orientation along 100 direction. [gamma]' precipitation was suppressed due to high cooling rates in LPBF. Afterwards, the samples were subjected to the standard heat treatment (HT). Even though the grain morphology was similar to the AB sample, formation of carbide particles was observed along with the precipitation of [gamma]' after the HT. Mechanical properties of the samples both in AB and HT state was characterized. Results proved that when standard HT is applied to the LPBF fabricated R41 parts, the measured room temperature (RT) strength and elongation meet the AMS specifications. Effect of build direction on the mechanical properties was also studied. Since the microstructure obtained after LPBF is very different compared to the conventional processing techniques, suitability of the commercially applied HT cycles has to be studied. Hence, additional HTs were applied to understand the effect of different solutionizing temperatures on the development of microstructure and mechanical properties. Detailed microstructural analysis were conducted after each HT. These analyses revealed that for HT above the [gamma]' solvus temperature, resulted in the precipitation of [gamma]' and carbide phases similarly to the sub-solvus HT but with a different size distribution and morphology. However, formation of an equiaxed grain morphology with random orientation was detected. Furthermore, tensile properties were tested at 760°C. YS and UTS values obtained for AB, sub-solvus and super-solvus HT samples were on par with the wrought and HT alloys reported in literature. However, the measured elongation and deformation behaviors showed significant differences. The columnar grain morphology of the sub-solvus HT sample led to the highest elongation while the microstructure obtained after super-solvus treatment had the highest work hardening rate during deformation. Finally, the knowledge gained from R41 was used to study the manufacturability of the R77 alloy. This alloy is more prone to cracking during fabrication due to its higher content of alloying elements. Elimination of cracking in a difficult to weld alloy solely by parameter optimization was proven possible with LPBF of R77. Furthermore, these crack-free structures were maintained upon a modified version of the standard HT. Detailed microstructural characterization of AB and HT samples were conducted similarly to the R41. In this case, presence of extremely fine [gamma]' precipitates were identified after LPBF, and a bimodal distribution of precipitates was developed following the HT. Tensile properties for both conditions were tested at RT and 810 °C and the results were compared with wrought counterparts and with other difficult to weld alloys fabricated by LPBF. The deformation behavior of the samples in both conditions changed with the temperature. AB sample showed significant hardening whereas, the HT one had improved elongation due to thermally activated microtwinning"--
Download or read book Selective Laser Melting Materials and Applications written by Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the manufacturing processes that warrants the attention of industrialists, researchers, and scientists. AM has the ability to fabricate materials to produce parts with complex shapes without any theoretical restrictions combined with added functionalities. Selective laser melting (SLM), also known as laser-based powder bed processing (LPBF), is one of the main AM process that can be used to fabricate wide variety of materials that are Al-, Ti-, Fe-, Ni-, Co-, W-, Ag-, and Au-based, etc. However, several challenges need to be addressed systematically, such as development of new materials that suit the SLM process conditions so the process capabilities can be fully used to produce new properties in these materials. Other issues in the field are the lack of microstructure-property correlations, premature failure, etc. Accordingly, this Special Issue (book) focuses mainly on the microstructure-correlation in three different alloys: AlSi10Mg, Ti6Al4V, and 304L stainless steel, where six articles are presented. Hence, this Special Issue outlines microstructure-property correlations in the SLM processed materials and provides a value addition to the field of AM.
Download or read book The Effects of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameters on Material Hardness and Density for Nickel Alloy 625 written by Christopher U. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between mechanical and material properties (including density) of manufactured nickel super alloy (IN625) using a laser powder bed fusion process and three process parameters: laser power, hatch distance, and scan speed. Hardness of the manufactured blocks was measured as a representative of the mechanical properties. Density measurements were carried out using the pyncometry method. Three sets of blocks were manufactured using IN625 metal powder (nitrogen gas atomized) on a laser powder bed fusion machine. Different combinations of process parameters yielded different energy densities for each block for the three builds. The laser scan speed, laser power, hatch distance, and energy density all had statistically significant relationships with hardness. The average bulk density increased non-linearly with increasing values of energy density. A similar trend was in the hardness data. The results of this study served as a guide to determine the range of parameters yielding acceptable material properties for the investigation of process parameter sensitivities during a subsequent IN625 round robin study.
Download or read book 30 Years of the Landau Institute written by Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics was created in 1965 by a group of LD Landau's pupils. Very soon, it was widely recognized as one of the world's leading centers in theoretical physics. According to Science Magazine, the Institute in the eighties had the highest citation index among all the scientific organizations in the former Soviet Union. This collection of the best papers of the Institute reflects the development of the many directions in the exact sciences during the last 30 years. The reader can find the original formulations of well-known notions in condensed matter theory, quantum field theory, mathematical physics and astrophysics, which were introduced by members of the Landau Institute.The following are some of the achievements described in this book: monopoles (A Polyakov), instantons (A Belavin et al.), weak crystallization (S Brazovskii), spin superfluidity (I Fomin), finite band potentials (S Novikov) and paraconductivity (A Larkin, L Aslamasov).
Download or read book Additive Manufacturing written by T.S. Srivatsan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get Ready for the Future of Additive ManufacturingAdditive Manufacturing: Innovations, Advances, and Applications explores the emerging field of additive manufacturing (AM)-the use of 3D printing to make prototype parts on demand. Often referred to as the third industrial revolution, AM offers many advantages over traditional manufacturing. This pr
Download or read book Nickel Cobalt and Their Alloys written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to the compositions, properties, processing, performance, and applications of nickel, cobalt, and their alloys. It includes all of the essential information contained in the ASM Handbook series, as well as new or updated coverage in many areas in the nickel, cobalt, and related industries.
Download or read book Solidification Cracking in Binary Al Cu Alloys Additively Manufactured Through Laser Powder Bed Fusion written by Keegan Muller and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technique with growing relevance in industry. However, alloys with a high susceptibility to micro-cracking during solidification cannot be feasibly manufactured through LPBF, such as in selected high-strength Al-alloys. The cracking susceptibility (CS) of Al-alloys varies with composition, so modeling CS with respect to composition is crucial in designing compatible alloys for LPBF. In a theoretical modeling of solidification cracking based on the Scheil equation, the relative CS is taken as the maximum value of [vertical line] dT / df[subscript s]1/2 [vertical line] when solidification is near completion. However, experimental observations of the crack density in Al-alloys suggest that the composition at which the crack density is maximum occurs at a higher solute concentration than predicted. This shift in the maximum CS can be observed in the theoretical model when a back-diffusion Fourier number was incorporated into the Scheil equation to account for solid-state diffusion during solidification. This shift can also be observed by increasing the partition coefficient above its equilibrium value, which is expected during rapid solidification due to solute trapping. A computational study was conducted on the CS of Al-Cu binary alloys with compositions ranging from 0 to 10 wt.% Cu, in which the Fourier number was varied from 0 to 0.3, and the partition coefficient was varied from its equilibrium value, 0.173, to 0.5. This was then compared to experimental crack density measurements taken for Al-Cu binary alloys with compositions of 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 10 wt.% Cu manufactured through LPBF using gas atomized alloy powders. Increases in Fourier number and/or partition coefficients were both effective in conforming to the experimental results. Increasing the partition coefficient was found to be more effective at shifting the CS towards higher solute concentrations, while increasing the Fourier number was more effective at lowering the magnitude of CS.
Download or read book Laser Powder Bed Fusion of beta 21S Titanium Alloy written by Maria Macias Sifuentes and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), one of the most studied processes among metal additive manufacturing (AM), has raised attention due to its high degree of manufacturing freedom, its ability to produce lightweight intricate components, and its energy-efficient, and time saving route. Today, research has focused only on a limited number of alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel 625 and 718, and stainless steel 316L. New alloys produced by this technique need to be studied to be able to maximize the advantages of AM. Metastable [beta]-titanium alloys are attractive for the aerospace industry due to their low density, high strength, excellent hardenability, and stability at high temperature. Among these alloys, [beta]-21S is known to offer improved elevated temperature strength, creep resistance, thermal stability, and oxidation resistance. Furthermore, heat treatment can be applied to this alloy for tailoring the mechanical properties according to the desired application. The manufacturability of [beta]-21S produced by LPBF, as well as the effect of heat treatment was investigated in the present thesis, to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the mechanical properties. The tensile performance of [beta]-21S in the as-built state presented comparable behavior to the wrought in solution treatment condition. Solution treatment and aging (STA) of the alloy precipitated the [alpha]-phase, increasing the microhardness, and strength, while reducing the ductility. The heat treatment applied to LPBF [beta]-21S had a similar effect compared to [beta]-21S fabricated by non-AM techniques. The properties obtained demonstrated the potential of [beta]-21S for LPBF applications"--
Download or read book Metallurgy and Design of Alloys with Hierarchical Microstructures written by Krishnan K. Sankaran and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metallurgy and Design of Alloys with Hierarchical Microstructures covers the fundamentals of processing-microstructure-property relationships and how multiple properties are balanced and optimized in materials with hierarchical microstructures widely used in critical applications. The discussion is based principally on metallic materials used in aircraft structures; however, because they have sufficiently diverse microstructures, the underlying principles can easily be extended to other materials systems. With the increasing microstructural complexity of structural materials, it is important for students, academic researchers and practicing engineers to possess the knowledge of how materials are optimized and how they will behave in service. The book integrates aspects of computational materials science, physical metallurgy, alloy design, process design, and structure-properties relationships, in a manner not done before. It fills a knowledge gap in the interrelationships of multiple microstructural and deformation mechanisms by applying the concepts and tools of designing microstructures for achieving combinations of engineering properties—such as strength, corrosion resistance, durability and damage tolerance in multi-component materials—used for critical structural applications. - Discusses the science behind the properties and performance of advanced metallic materials - Provides for the efficient design of materials and processes to satisfy targeted performance in materials and structures - Enables the selection and development of new alloys for specific applications based upon evaluation of their microstructure as illustrated in this work
