Download or read book Quadratic Residues and Non Residues written by Steve Wright and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an account of the classical theory of quadratic residues and non-residues with the goal of using that theory as a lens through which to view the development of some of the fundamental methods employed in modern elementary, algebraic, and analytic number theory. The first three chapters present some basic facts and the history of quadratic residues and non-residues and discuss various proofs of the Law of Quadratic Reciprosity in depth, with an emphasis on the six proofs that Gauss published. The remaining seven chapters explore some interesting applications of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, prove some results concerning the distribution and arithmetic structure of quadratic residues and non-residues, provide a detailed proof of Dirichlet’s Class-Number Formula, and discuss the question of whether quadratic residues are randomly distributed. The text is a valuable resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate students as well as for mathematicians interested in number theory.
Download or read book The Distribution of Quadratic Residues and Non residues written by Richard Wayne Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytic Number Theory written by Bruce C. Berndt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 16 -20, 1995, approximately 150 mathematicians gathered at the Conference Center of the University of Illinois at Allerton Park for an Inter national Conference on Analytic Number Theory. The meeting marked the approaching official retirement of Heini Halberstam from the mathematics fac ulty of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Professor Halberstam has been at the University since 1980, for 8 years as head of the Department of Mathematics, and has been a leading researcher and teacher in number theory for over forty years. The program included invited one hour lectures by G. Andrews, J. Bour gain, J. M. Deshouillers, H. Halberstam, D. R. Heath-Brown, H. Iwaniec, H. L. Montgomery, R. Murty, C. Pomerance, and R. C. Vaughan, and almost one hundred other talks of varying lengths. These volumes comprise contributions from most of the principal speakers and from many of the other participants, as well as some papers from mathematicians who were unable to attend. The contents span a broad range of themes from contemporary number theory, with the majority having an analytic flavor.
Download or read book Reciprocity Laws written by Franz Lemmermeyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the development of reciprocity laws, starting from conjectures of Euler and discussing the contributions of Legendre, Gauss, Dirichlet, Jacobi, and Eisenstein. Readers knowledgeable in basic algebraic number theory and Galois theory will find detailed discussions of the reciprocity laws for quadratic, cubic, quartic, sextic and octic residues, rational reciprocity laws, and Eisensteins reciprocity law. An extensive bibliography will be of interest to readers interested in the history of reciprocity laws or in the current research in this area.
Download or read book On the Distribution of Quadratic Residues and Non residues written by Richard Howard Hudson and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Comprehensive Course in Number Theory written by Alan Baker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed from the author's popular text, A Concise Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, this book provides a comprehensive initiation to all the major branches of number theory. Beginning with the rudiments of the subject, the author proceeds to more advanced topics, including elements of cryptography and primality testing, an account of number fields in the classical vein including properties of their units, ideals and ideal classes, aspects of analytic number theory including studies of the Riemann zeta-function, the prime-number theorem and primes in arithmetical progressions, a description of the Hardy–Littlewood and sieve methods from respectively additive and multiplicative number theory and an exposition of the arithmetic of elliptic curves. The book includes many worked examples, exercises and further reading. Its wider coverage and versatility make this book suitable for courses extending from the elementary to beginning graduate studies.
Download or read book Number Theory written by Kuldeep Singh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Number theory is one of the oldest branches of mathematics that is primarily concerned with positive integers. While it has long been studied for its beauty and elegance as a branch of pure mathematics, it has seen a resurgence in recent years with the advent of the digital world for its modern applications in both computer science and cryptography. Number Theory: Step by Step is an undergraduate-level introduction to number theory that assumes no prior knowledge, but works to gradually increase the reader's confidence and ability to tackle more difficult material. The strength of the text is in its large number of examples and the step-by-step explanation of each topic as it is introduced to help aid understanding the abstract mathematics of number theory. It is compiled in such a way that allows self-study, with explicit solutions to all the set of problems freely available online via the companion website. Punctuating the text are short and engaging historical profiles that add context for the topics covered and provide a dynamic background for the subject matter.
Download or read book The Quadratic Reciprocity Law written by Oswald Baumgart and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2015-05-27 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the English translation of Baumgart’s thesis on the early proofs of the quadratic reciprocity law (“Über das quadratische Reciprocitätsgesetz. Eine vergleichende Darstellung der Beweise”), first published in 1885. It is divided into two parts. The first part presents a very brief history of the development of number theory up to Legendre, as well as detailed descriptions of several early proofs of the quadratic reciprocity law. The second part highlights Baumgart’s comparisons of the principles behind these proofs. A current list of all known proofs of the quadratic reciprocity law, with complete references, is provided in the appendix. This book will appeal to all readers interested in elementary number theory and the history of number theory.
Download or read book Primes of the Form x2 ny2 written by David A. Cox and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-24 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern number theory began with the work of Euler and Gauss to understand and extend the many unsolved questions left behind by Fermat. In the course of their investigations, they uncovered new phenomena in need of explanation, which over time led to the discovery of field theory and its intimate connection with complex multiplication. While most texts concentrate on only the elementary or advanced aspects of this story, Primes of the Form x2 + ny2 begins with Fermat and explains how his work ultimately gave birth to quadratic reciprocity and the genus theory of quadratic forms. Further, the book shows how the results of Euler and Gauss can be fully understood only in the context of class field theory. Finally, in order to bring class field theory down to earth, the book explores some of the magnificent formulas of complex multiplication. The central theme of the book is the story of which primes p can be expressed in the form x2 + ny2. An incomplete answer is given using quadratic forms. A better though abstract answer comes from class field theory, and finally, a concrete answer is provided by complex multiplication. Along the way, the reader is introduced to some wonderful number theory. Numerous exercises and examples are included. The book is written to be enjoyed by readers with modest mathematical backgrounds. Chapter 1 uses basic number theory and abstract algebra, while chapters 2 and 3 require Galois theory and complex analysis, respectively.
Download or read book Solved and Unsolved Problems in Number Theory written by Daniel Shanks and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2024-01-24 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation of three problems, perfect numbers, periodic decimals, and Pythagorean numbers, has given rise to much of elementary number theory. In this book, Daniel Shanks, past editor of Mathematics of Computation, shows how each result leads to further results and conjectures. The outcome is a most exciting and unusual treatment. This edition contains a new chapter presenting research done between 1962 and 1978, emphasizing results that were achieved with the help of computers.
Download or read book Residue Number Systems written by P.V. Ananda Mohan and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new and expanded monograph improves upon Mohan's earlier book, Residue Number Systems (Springer, 2002) with a state of the art treatment of the subject. Replete with detailed illustrations and helpful examples, this book covers a host of cutting edge topics such as the core function, the quotient function, new Chinese Remainder theorems, and large integer operations. It also features many significant applications to practical communication systems and cryptography such as FIR filters and elliptic curve cryptography. Starting with a comprehensive introduction to the basics and leading up to current research trends that are not yet widely distributed in other publications, this book will be of interest to both researchers and students alike.
Download or read book Number Theory written by George E. Andrews and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undergraduate text uses combinatorial approach to accommodate both math majors and liberal arts students. Covers the basics of number theory, offers an outstanding introduction to partitions, plus chapters on multiplicativity-divisibility, quadratic congruences, additivity, and more.
Download or read book Advances in Cryptology CRYPTO 2009 written by Shai Halevi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-28 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 2009, held in Santa Barbara, CA, USA in August 2009. The 38 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 213 submissions. Addressing all current foundational, theoretical and research aspects of cryptology, cryptography, and cryptanalysis as well as advanced applications, the papers are organized in topical sections on key leakage, hash-function cryptanalysis, privacy and anonymity, interactive proofs and zero-knowledge, block-cipher cryptanalysis, modes of operation, elliptic curves, cryptographic hardness, merkle puzzles, cryptography in the physical world, attacks on signature schemes, secret sharing and secure computation, cryptography and game-theory, cryptography and lattices, identity-based encryption and cryptographers’ toolbox.
Download or read book Quadratic Irrationals written by Franz Halter-Koch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quadratic Irrationals: An Introduction to Classical Number Theory gives a unified treatment of the classical theory of quadratic irrationals. Presenting the material in a modern and elementary algebraic setting, the author focuses on equivalence, continued fractions, quadratic characters, quadratic orders, binary quadratic forms, and class groups.T
Download or read book Elementary Number Theory Primes Congruences and Secrets written by William Stein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-28 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about prime numbers, congruences, secret messages, and elliptic curves that you can read cover to cover. It grew out of undergr- uate courses that the author taught at Harvard, UC San Diego, and the University of Washington. The systematic study of number theory was initiated around 300B. C. when Euclid proved that there are in?nitely many prime numbers, and also cleverly deduced the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, which asserts that every positive integer factors uniquely as a product of primes. Over a thousand years later (around 972A. D. ) Arab mathematicians formulated the congruent number problem that asks for a way to decide whether or not a given positive integer n is the area of a right triangle, all three of whose sides are rational numbers. Then another thousand years later (in 1976), Di?e and Hellman introduced the ?rst ever public-key cryptosystem, which enabled two people to communicate secretely over a public communications channel with no predetermined secret; this invention and the ones that followed it revolutionized the world of digital communication. In the 1980s and 1990s, elliptic curves revolutionized number theory, providing striking new insights into the congruent number problem, primality testing, publ- key cryptography, attacks on public-key systems, and playing a central role in Andrew Wiles’ resolution of Fermat’s Last Theorem.
Download or read book Introduction to Number Theory written by L.-K. Hua and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To Number Theory Translated from the Chinese by Peter Shiu With 14 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982 HuaLooKeng Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Beijing The People's Republic of China PeterShlu Department of Mathematics University of Technology Loughborough Leicestershire LE 11 3 TU United Kingdom ISBN -13 : 978-3-642-68132-5 e-ISBN -13 : 978-3-642-68130-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-68130-1 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Hua, Loo-Keng, 1910 -. Introduc tion to number theory. Translation of: Shu lun tao yin. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Numbers, Theory of. I. Title. QA241.H7513.5 12'.7.82-645. ISBN-13:978-3-642-68132-5 (U.S.). AACR2 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustra tions, broadcasting, reproductiOli by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under {sect} 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to "VerwertungsgeselIschaft Wort", Munich. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982 Typesetting: Buchdruckerei Dipl.-Ing. Schwarz' Erben KG, Zwettl. 214113140-5432 I 0 Preface to the English Edition The reasons for writing this book have already been given in the preface to the original edition and it suffices to append a few more points
Download or read book Fundamentals of Number Theory written by William J. LeVeque and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-05 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This excellent textbook introduces the basics of number theory, incorporating the language of abstract algebra. A knowledge of such algebraic concepts as group, ring, field, and domain is not assumed, however; all terms are defined and examples are given — making the book self-contained in this respect. The author begins with an introductory chapter on number theory and its early history. Subsequent chapters deal with unique factorization and the GCD, quadratic residues, number-theoretic functions and the distribution of primes, sums of squares, quadratic equations and quadratic fields, diophantine approximation, and more. Included are discussions of topics not always found in introductory texts: factorization and primality of large integers, p-adic numbers, algebraic number fields, Brun's theorem on twin primes, and the transcendence of e, to mention a few. Readers will find a substantial number of well-chosen problems, along with many notes and bibliographical references selected for readability and relevance. Five helpful appendixes — containing such study aids as a factor table, computer-plotted graphs, a table of indices, the Greek alphabet, and a list of symbols — and a bibliography round out this well-written text, which is directed toward undergraduate majors and beginning graduate students in mathematics. No post-calculus prerequisite is assumed. 1977 edition.
