Download or read book Labor Impacts written by Gail Bliss and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Distributional and Fiscal Implications of Public Utility Pricing written by Mr. David Coady and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-06-02 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The setting of public utility prices involves balancing various competing government policy objectives, from equity concerns to ensuring the financial sustainability of providers and balancing public finances. In practice, public utility pricing often departs significantly from government objectives and tends to be characterized by unnecessarily complex price schedules, below cost-recovery tariff rates, and sectoral inefficiencies that contribute to large fiscal costs. Countries commonly embark on utility pricing reform in response to these heavy fiscal pressures. The paper discusses various reform options available to governments, with a focus on residential pricing schedules, highlighting their fiscal, financial, redistributive, and efficiency implications.

Download or read book Infrastructure and Public Utilities Privatization in Developing Countries written by Emmanuelle Auriol and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper analyzes governments' tradeoff between fiscal benefits and consumer surplus in privatization reforms of noncompetitive industries in developing countries. Under privatization, the control rights are transferred to private interests so that public subsidies decline. This benefit for tax-payers comes at the cost of price increases for consumers. In developing countries, tight budget constraints imply that privatization may be optimal for low profitability segments. For highly profitable public utilities, the combination of allocative inefficiency and critical budgetary conditions may favor public ownership. Finally, once a market segment gives room for more than one firm, governments prefer to regulate the industry. In the absence of a credible regulatory agency, regulation is achieved through public ownership.

Download or read book Policy Research Working Paper The Determinants of HIV Infection and Related Sexual Behaviors Evidence from Lesotho written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Research Working Paper Migrant Labor Markets and the Welfare of Rural Households in the Developing World Evidence from China written by Alan de Brauw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In this paper, the authors examine the impact of reductions in barriers to migration on the consumption of rural households in China. The authors find that increased migration from rural villages leads to significant increases in consumption per capita, and that this effect is stronger for poorer households within villages. Household income per capita and non-durable consumption per capita both increase with out-migration, and increase more for poorer households. The authors also establish a causal relationship between increased out-migration and investment in housing and durable goods assets, and these effects are also stronger for poorer households. The authors do not find robust evidence, however, to support a connection between increased migration and investment in productive activity. Instead, increased migration is associated with two significant changes for poorer households: increases both in the total labor supplied to productive activities and in the land per capita managed by the household. In examining the effect of migration, we pay considerable attention to developing and examining our identification strategy.

Download or read book Taxation Public Services and the Informal Sector in a Model of Endogenous Growth written by Juan Braun and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reasserting the Public in Public Services written by M. Ramesh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-02-25 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After two decades of dominating the public sector reform agenda, privatization is on the wane as states gradually reassert themselves in many formerly privatized sectors. The change of direction is a response to the realization that privatization is not working as intended, especially in public service sectors. This landmark volume brings together leading social scientists, including B. Guy Peters, Anthony Cheung and Jon Pierre, to systematically discuss the emerging patterns of the reassertion of the state in the delivery of essential public services. The state under these emerging arrangements assumes overall responsibility for and control over essential public service delivery, yet allows scope for market incentives and competition when they are known to work. The recent reforms thus display a more pragmatic and nuanced understanding of how markets work in public services . The first part of the book provides the theoretical context while the second provides sectoral studies of recent reforms in healthcare, education, transportation, electricity and water supply. It includes case studies from a range of countries: Brazil, China, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, USA, Hong Kong and the UK. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in Political Science, Public Administration, Public Policy, Geography, Political Economy, Sociology, and Urban Planning.

Download or read book The Decentralization of Public Services written by Jacques Crémer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Higher Education Institutions in the EU Between Competition and Public Service written by Andrea Gideon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the impact of EU law and policy on the Member States’ higher education institution (HEI) sectors with a particular emphasis on the exposure of research in universities to EU competition law. It illustrates how the gradual application of EU economic law to HEIs which were predominantly identified as being within the public sector creates tensions between the economic and the social spheres in the EU. Given the reluctance of the Member States to openly develop an EU level HEI policy, these tensions appear as unintended consequences of the traditional application of the EU Treaty provisions in areas such as Union Citizenship, the free movement provisions and competition policy to the HEI sector. These developments may endanger the traditional non-economic mission of European HEIs. In this respect, the effects of Union Citizenship and free movement law on HEIs have received some attention but the impact of EU competition law constitutes a largely unexplored area of research and this book redresses that imbalance. The aim of the research is to show that intended and unintended consequences of the EU economic constitution(s) are enhanced by a parallel tendency of Member States to commercialise formerly public sectors such as the HEI sector. The book investigates the potential tensions through doctrinal analysis and a qualitative study focussing on the exposure of HEI research to EU competition law as an under-researched example of exposure to economic constraints. It concludes that such exposure may compromise the wider aims that research intensive universities pursue in the public interest. Andrea Gideon is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Centre for Law & Business (National University of Singapore) for which she has suspended her position as Lecturer in Law at the University of Liverpool. In her current project she is investigating the application of competition law to public services in ASEAN. Her previous research concerned tensions between the economic and the social in the EU with a focus on EU competition law in which research area she earned her PhD at the University of Leeds in 2014.

Download or read book Stalking theory View Through the Prism of Real Life Practices written by and published by Prashant Kulkarni. This book was released on with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Who Matters at the World Bank written by Kim Moloney and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-19 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who Matters at the World Bank explores "who matters" in a 32-year history (1980-2012) of policy change within the World Bank's public sector management and public sector governance agenda, and is anchored within the public administration discipline and its understanding of bureaucracy, bureaucratic politics, and stakeholder influences. In response to constructivist scholars' concerns about politics and the organizational culture of international civil servants within international organizations, Kim Moloney uses stakeholder theory and a bureaucratic politics approach to suggest the normality of politics, policy debate, and policy evolution. The book also highlights how for 21 of those 32 years it was not external stakeholders but the international civil servants of the World Bank who most influenced, led, developed, and institutionalized this sector's agenda. In so doing, the book explains how one sector of the Bank's work rose, against the odds, from being included in just under 3% of approved projects in 1980 to 73% of all projects approved between 1991 and 2012.

Download or read book PRE Working Papers written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Utility Privatization and the Needs of the Poor in Latin America written by Antonio Estache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do Latin America's poor households lose from the privatization of infrastructure? How can policymakers minimize the risk of losses while promoting competition and private financing of infrastructure?

Download or read book Infrastructure Finance written by Anand G. Chandavarkar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cutting the Gordian Knot of Economic Reform written by Leonardo Baccini and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do leaders of countries opt to sign on to international institutions that constrain their freedom to enact domestic policy? In this book, Leonardo Baccini and Johannes Urpelainen address this enduring question of international relations by looking at liberal economic reforms. During the past two decades, governments across the developing world have implemented many liberal economic reforms that reduce direct state intervention in different industries, for example with regard to intellectual property rights and privatization. While failure to implement them can have disastrous economic and political consequences, liberal economic reforms have also provoked intense political controversy domestically. Baccini and Urpelainen argue that international institutions help to cut this Gordian knot by allowing leaders to credibly commit to liberal policies while also creating domestic political support for reform. The book takes a comparative look at developing countries that have engaged in treaties with the United States and European Union to develop a full theory of when and how leaders enter into international institutions to effect economic reform. Cutting the Gordian Knot of Economic Reform is the first work to provide a theory on the design of international institutions, the circumstances that cause leaders to form international institutions, and the effects of international institutions on economic reform.

Download or read book Regulation by Contract written by Tonci Bakovic and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments and investors in many developing countries have criticised the performance of recently privatised electricity distribution companies, particularly in relation to the design of regulatory systems. This report examines whether regulation by contract or a combination of regulation by contract and regulatory independence would provide a better option.

Download or read book Bypassing Health Providers The Quest for Better Price and Quality of Health Care in Chad written by Bernard Gauthier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper investigates individuals' bypassing behavior in the health sector in Chad and the determinants of individuals' facility choice. The authors introduce a new way to measure bypassing using the patients' own knowledge of alternative health providers available to them instead of assuming that information as previously done. The authors analyze how perceived health care quality and prices impact patients' bypassing decisions. The analysis uses data from a Quantitative Service Delivery Survey in Chad's health sector carried out in 2004. The survey covers 281 primary health care centers and 1,801 patients. The matching of facility data and patient data allows the analysis to control for a wide range of important patient and facility characteristics, such as income, severity of illness, quality of health care, or price of services. The findings show that income inequalities translate into health service inequalities. There is evidence of two distinct types of bypassing activities in Chad: (1) patients from low-income households bypass high-quality facilities they cannot afford to go to low-quality facilities, and (2) rich individuals bypass low-quality facilities and aim for more expensive facilities that also offer a higher quality of care. These significant differences in patients' facility choices are observed across income groups as well as between rural and urban areas.