Download or read book Public Transit and Employment Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Transportation's Job Access and Reverse Commute program began in 1998. Since then, millions of dollars have been distributed in funding throughout the country. However, as the Government Accountability Office has reported at length, there has been little evaluative work done to assess the program's success in connecting low-income workers to new job opportunities. These newer job opportunities, often located outside the urban core of a half-century ago, are characterized at length in John Kain's spatial mismatch hypothesis of 1968 and the extensive literature and studies that followed it. Does discrimination and lack of access lead to continued lower employment opportunities for low-income, often minority, workers? I use Philadelphia as a case study to project the impact of the implemented JARC programs on the city's workers. Using census tract-level data, this paper will identify the tracts affected by JARC-funded public transit improvements. These improvements or additions were chosen regionally based on their potential to increase accessibility to employment centers in and around the city of Philadelphia. Using regression models to estimate median household income, this paper estimates the effects of an increased level of transit. This is accomplished by increasing the level of public transit in the identified tracts, as the improvements will do, to predict how incomes will change. Such income increases, though not large, indicate a positive relationship between improved transit options and higher wages.
Download or read book Role of Transportation in Employment Outcomes of the Disadvantaged written by Chang Yi (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on the relationship between accessibility to job opportunities, travel mode choices and employment outcomes of the disadvantaged. In past research examining the impact of accessibility on employment outcomes of the underprivileged, it has been an implicit assumption that a poor individual's employment status is directly connected to accessibility to transport modes and job opportunities. This dissertation challenges such a fundamental assumption and argues that due to unique travel needs of the poor, a high level of access to transportation means or job accessibility provided by a given travel mode does not automatically determine the choice of that particular travel mode. What is missing in the existing literature is examination of how accessibility affects travel mode choices for low-income individuals, and how travel mode preferences subsequently influence their employment outcomes. The objective of this dissertation is to shed new light on current understanding of the relationship between transportation and employment of the disadvantaged. The study focuses on explaining what factors influence low-income individuals in their choice of a transportation mode, and more importantly, how modal preferences, along with job accessibility, affect employment of the poor. Household travel survey data from the San Francisco Bay Area and the Atlanta Metropolitan Region were used to examine this interrelationship. The research findings show that higher modal and job accessibility do not always determine the choice of a particular travel mode, defying the assumption of the previous studies. What is important for enhancing one's employment is whether or not a low-income person has regular access to cars and an individual circumstance allows the poor to utilize existing automobiles rather than the efficiency of highway network. In terms of public transportation, higher job accessibility by transit network is associated with better employment outcomes for transit users. Nonetheless, when transit riders had to access transit systems by walking, job accessibility did not have meaningful impact on employment. It is important to note that the impact that job accessibility by transit has on employment is found only in a transit-friendly Bay Area. Policy implication from this dissertation is discussed.
Download or read book Transportation as a Determinant of Education and Employment Outcomes written by Lorien Alane Rice and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Employment Requirements of Mass Transit written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Employment Requirements of Mass Transit written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Connecting to Economic Opportunity The Role of Public Transport in Promoting Women s Employment in Lima written by Daniel Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limited access to safe transportation is one of the greatest challenges to labor force participation faced by women in developing countries. This paper quantifies the causal impacts of improved urban transport systems in women ́s employment outcomes, looking at Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and elevated light rail investments in the metropolitan region of Lima, Perú. We find large gains in employment and earnings per hour among women, and not for men, due to these investments. Most of the gains arise on the extensive margin, with more women being employed, but employment does not appear to be of higher quality than that for comparison groups.We find also evidence of an increase in the use of public transport. Results are robust to alternative specifications and we do not find evidence that they are driven by neighborhood composition changes. Overall, these findings suggest that infrastructure investments that make it more convenient and safer for women to use public transport can generate important labor market impacts for women who reside in the area of influence of the improved infrastructure.
Download or read book A Longitudinal Analysis of Cars Transit and Employment Outcomes written by Michael J. Smart and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Access to Jobs written by Mizuki Kawabata and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) These findings suggest that spatial mismatch may pose a serious problem for autoless workers, particularly for those who live in suburban areas, although it may not be a problem for workers with autos. By incorporating the improved job-access measures into multinomial logit (MNL) models and regression models with Heckman correction, I find that improving job accessibility for transit users significantly augments the employment probability and the probability of working full-time for low-skilled autoless workers in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Further, in all three areas the job-access effect is greater for low-skilled autoless workers than for low-skilled auto-owning workers. Applying the same analytical framework for welfare recipients in Los Angeles, I find consistent results. I also find that job accessibility for transit users plays a more important role in employment outcomes in San Francisco and Los Angeles, more highly auto-dependent areas, than in Boston, a more compact area with relatively well-developed transit systems. The empirical findings together suggest that spatial mismatch is in fact the problem for autoless workers in suburban areas where jobs are dispersed and public transportation is poorly developed. The findings also suggest that spatial mismatch is more likely to be an employment barrier for those who live in suburban areas than for those who live in central-city areas, which contradicts the dominant view among spatial mismatch researchers. The empirical findings hold important policy implications ...
Download or read book Employment Requirements of Mass Transit A Case Study of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics written by Marvin L. Binion and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transportation Statistics Annual Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Employment Requirements of Mass Transit written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Transportation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 4418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications
Download or read book Occupational Employment Statistics written by Jon T. Hall and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Department of Transportation s Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Where Youth Live written by Katherine M. O'Regan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Employment Requirements of Mass Transit written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engendering Cities written by Inés Sánchez de Madariaga and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engendering Cities examines the contemporary research, policy, and practice of designing for gender in urban spaces. Gender matters in city design, yet despite legislative mandates across the globe to provide equal access to services for men and women alike, these issues are still often overlooked or inadequately addressed. This book looks at critical aspects of contemporary cities regarding gender, including topics such as transport, housing, public health, education, caring, infrastructure, as well as issues which are rarely addressed in planning, design, and policy, such as the importance of toilets for education and clothes washers for freeing-up time. In the first section, a number of chapters in the book assess past, current, and projected conditions in cities vis-à-vis gender issues and needs. In the second section, the book assesses existing policy, planning, and design efforts to improve women’s and men’s concerns in urban living. Finally, the book proposes changes to existing policies and practices in urban planning and design, including its thinking (theory) and norms (ethics). The book applies the current scholarship on theory and practice related to gender in a planning context, elaborating on some critical community-focused reflections on gender and design. It will be key reading for scholars and students of planning, architecture, design, gender studies, sociology, anthropology, geography, and political science. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policy makers, providing discussion of emerging topics in the field.
