Download or read book Public Health Expenditure and Child Mortality in Southern Africa written by Chamunorwa Nyamuranga and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically assess the effect of public health expenditure on child mortality in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region in comparison to the developing world as a whole and the region of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodologyThis study used panel data extracted from the World Development Indicators database for the period 2000-2013 for 98 developing countries including 15 SADC countries. A dynamic panel data model of child mortality was estimated using the system generalized method of moments (GMM) technique.FindingsResults indicate that public health expenditure has a statistically significant effect on reducing infant and under-five mortality rates in the developing world and that this effect is strongest in the SADC. Immunization and female literacy contributed significantly to the prevention of deaths of infants and children under five in developing countries. In the region of SSA, improved water sources and the reduction in the prevalence of HIV were found to be effective in reducing childhood mortality. There was little evidence for the benefit of higher GDP per capita.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest four policy areas which should be prioritized in public health spending to achieve better health among children: ensuring that females have better access to education, providing immunizations, intensifying interventions against the spread of HIV/AIDS, and improving water and sanitation infrastructure.Originality/valueThis study, which shows that the benefits of public health expenditure may be augmented by regional collaborations like the SADC, is one of the first to explore regional heterogeneity in the effectiveness of public health expenditure for the improvement of children's health across the developing world.
Download or read book Determinants of Child Mortality in Africa written by Ali Enami and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current literature is ambiguous regarding the significance of public health expenditure in reducing mortality rate among children in cross country studies. In fact, several previous studies found the relationship between these two variables to be insignificant. Such findings indicate the existence of a huge inefficiency in public sector of struggling countries and discourage supports provided by donating entities. This study addresses the disagreement in the literature by pointing out how results are sensitive to the use of non-stationary variables that are used often in the literature. Using a Panel Vector Autoregressive model, no empirical evidence for the role of public health expenditure in reducing child mortality is found when non-stationary variables are used. However, results are significantly different as soon as stationary variables are substituted in the same model. In fact, the elasticity of under five mortality rate with respect to per capita public health expenditure is about -0.22 for African countries in the sample.
Download or read book Health Expenditures Services and Outcomes in Africa written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 30 years, African countries have made remarkable improvements in health conditions and status. However, they still suffer from some of the worst health conditions in the world. This study sets out to make available national-level information on health expenditures, health service outputs, and health outcomes in a way that could assist health planning and policy development in Africa. It outlines broad patterns of health spending, service delivery, mortality, fertility and malnutrition in Africa in the early to mid 1990s. By also exploring gaps in information available and potential uses of health information, the paper intends to stimulate discussion on how better to monitor progress and use information for better health outcomes within and among different African countries. The data covered in the study include major macroeconomic indicators, such as real GDP, rate of GDP growth, inflation rate, and per capita official development assistance. Key social indicators are presented, including the level of education, and access to safe water and sanitation. The detailed data contained in the annex tables from which the analytic results are derived invite readers to make additional analyses of their own.
Download or read book Health Trends in South Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Health Expenditure and Under Five Mortality in Low Income Sub Saharan African Countries written by Fidelis Issah AYIPE and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: In the year 2019 whiles the total world under-five mortalities was estimated at about 5.2 million, Sub-Saharan Africa contributed about 55% of these global under-five mortalities. In other words, the region alone recorded about 2.8 million under-five deaths out of the global 5.2 million under-five mortalities in 2019. On the other hand, public health expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa though very low as compared to other regions has also seen a steady increase over the years. This has resulted in an increased interest of researchers and policymakers in scrutinizing the effect of healthcare spending on health status in Sub-Saharan Africa's low-income countries. This study, therefore, investigated the association between public healthcare spending and the under-five mortality rate in low-income countries of Sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A balanced panel of data from twenty low-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa was sourced from the World Development Indicators dataset spanning the year 2000 to 2019. The under-5 mortality rate was used as the outcome variable whereas domestic health expenditure was used as the independent variable of interest. Total fertility rate, percentage population of females, the practice of open defecation, and immunization against diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) were considered potential confounding variables. The static model was applied. To arrive at the appropriate model for the study, the robust Hausman test was employed to aid in the selection between the random effect estimator and the fixed effect estimator, and the results led to the selection of the fixed effect estimator. Results: The results showed that domestic health spending has a significantly negative relationship (Fixed Effects= -5.275; p
Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-16 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
Download or read book Disease and Mortality in Sub Saharan Africa written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.
Download or read book Health Expenditures Services and Outcomes in Africa written by David H. Peters and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past thirty years, Sub-Saharan African countries have made remarkable improvements in health conditions and status. However, they still suffer from some of the worst health problems in the world, and AIDS is making conditions much worse than they will be otherwise. This study, health expenditures, services, and outcomes in Africa considers 48 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and outlines broad patterns of health spending, service delivery, mortality, fertility and nutrition in the early to mid-1990s. The study focuses on how to better monitor progress and use information to identify problems and improve health outcomes within and among different African countries. Good information about inputs, processes and results in the health sector is vital for policymakers to make intelligent choices about health strategies and investments, and often is simply not available. For purposes of the study, countries were classified as lowest-income, low-income and middle-income categories. Over three quarters of the African countries are low income or even lowest income countries, and nearly all have weak health management systems.
Download or read book South Africa s National Strategic Plan for a Campaign on Accelerated Reduction of Maternal and Child Mortality in Africa CARMMA written by South Africa. Department of Health (1994- ) and published by . This book was released on 2012* with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Download or read book World Health Statistics 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Health Statistics 2015 contains WHO's annual compilation of health-related data for its 194 Member States and includes a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets. This year it also includes highlight summaries on the topics of reducing the gaps between the world's most-advantaged and least-advantaged countries and on current trends in official development assistance (ODA) for health. As in previous years World Health Statistics 2015 has been compiled using publications and databases produced and maintained by WHO technical programmes and regional offices. A number of demographic and socioeconomic statistics have also been derived from databases maintained by a range of other organizations.
Download or read book Wealthier is Healthier written by Lant Pritchett and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Saving Lives Buying Time written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.
Download or read book Health Financing Revisited written by Pablo Enrique Gottret and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This overview of health financing tools, policies and trends--with a particular focus on challenges facing developing countries--provides the basis for effective policy-making. Analyzing the current global environment, the book discusses health financing goals in the context of both the underlying health, demographic, social, economic, political and demographic analytics as well as the institutional realities faced by developing countries, and assesses policy options in the context of global evidence, the international aid architecture, cross-sectoral interactions, and countries' macroeconomic frameworks and overall development plans.
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Public Health Problems in Sub Saharan Africa written by Joses Muthuri Kirigia and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health at a Glance 2021 OECD Indicators written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health at a Glance provides a comprehensive set of indicators on population health and health system performance across OECD members and key emerging economies. This edition has a special focus on the health impact of COVID-19 in OECD countries, including deaths and illness caused by the virus, adverse effects on access and quality of care, and the growing burden of mental ill-health.
Download or read book Families and Households in Post apartheid South Africa written by Acheampong Yaw Amoateng and published by HSRC Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to South Africa's democratic transition in 1994, studies of families and households were limited by the structure of apartheid and the lack of adequate social and economic data. Large social changes since that time have had a profound effect on public-policy planning and service delivery, and this monograph takes a new look at the lingering effects of colonialism and apartheid on South African families, as well as their economic gains. Experts from the fields of demographics, economics, psychology, and sociology report their findings on living arrangements across rural and urban divides; on access to toilets, electricity, water, and housing; on rates of marriage and divorce; on fertility and infant mortality; and on the housework and other chores performed by children.
