Download or read book Public Examinations in England 1850 1900 written by John Roach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1971-07-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed historical account of the origins of the modern examination system in England from 1850 to 1900. At the beginning of the nineteenth century public examinations were almost unknown, yet by its end they were established as the most generally acceptable method of assessment and selection; with many they had become almost an article of the Victorian faith, though their objectivity and efficacy were already becoming matters of public controversy. The Oxford and Cambridge honours examinations provided a major source for Victorian ideas of open competition and public examinations. It was seen that this model could be applied to a whole range of educational and administrative purposes. The crucial developments came between 1850 and 1870: major landmarks were the Northcote-Trevelyan Report of 1853 on the Civil Service, the foundation of the Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations of 1857 and 1858, and Gladstone's introduction in 1870 of open competition into the Home Civil Service.
Download or read book Public Examinations in England 1850 1900 By John Roach written by John Peter Charles Roach and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Universities and the State in England 1850 1939 written by Keith Vernon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-09-16 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the development of the modern university system in England from the mid-nineteenth century to the outbreak of the Second World War, focusing on the role of the state.
Download or read book Public Examinations Examined written by Thomas Kellaghan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-stakes public examinations exert a dominant influence in most education systems. They affect both teacher and student behavior, especially at the middle and upper levels of secondary education. The content of past examinations tends to dictate what is taught and how it is taught and, more important, what is learned and how it is learned. By changing aspects of these examinations, especially their content and format, education systems can have a strong positive impact on teacher behavior and student learning, help raise student achievement levels, and better prepare students for tertiary-level education and for employment. Examination agencies, many of which have followed the same procedures over decades, can learn from the successes and failures of other systems. This book addresses current issues related to the development, administration, scoring, and usage of these high-stakes public examinations, identifying key issues and problems related to examinations in many emerging market economies as well as in advanced economies. The book’s primary audience consists of public examination officials on national, regional, and state examination boards, but the book should also be of interest to senior education policy makers concerned with certification and learning achievement standards, to academics and researchers interested in educational assessment, to governmental and education agencies responsible for student selection, and to professionals at development organizations. “This extremely well-written and comprehensive book offers a timely review of the diversity of public examination practices worldwide; of the tensions between examinations and learning; and of the technical expertise involved in the creation of valid, reliable, and fair assessments. It reminds us that as “the diploma disease†? takes hold with an ever-greater intensity at every stage of education worldwide, and the commercial business of testing flourishes, those concerned with educational quality and meaningful learning must be on guard to prevent the assessment tail wagging the educational dog.†? Angela W. Little, Professor Emerita, Institute of Education, University College London “This book is very well structured and written and draws on the authors’ remarkable global knowledge across countries and histories. It will be a great asset both to administrators responsible for examinations and to academics and other professionals who seek to understand the nature and impact of examinations of different types and in different settings.†? Mark Bray, UNESCO Chair Professor of Comparative Education, University of Hong Kong; and former Director, UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning “I am sure that Public Examinations Examined, which thoroughly analyzes the practice of public examinations in different countries and makes profound and well-grounded conclusions, will arouse very great interest and will serve to further improve public examinations.†? Victor Bolotov, Distinguished Professor, Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow; member, Russian Academy of Education; and former Deputy Minister of Education, Russian Federation
Download or read book A History of ELT Second Edition written by A.P.R. Howatt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-06-03 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an introduction, this work contains sections on the British Empire.
Download or read book Education and Policy in England in the Twentieth Century written by Richard Aldrich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1990s education has become one of the major social and political questions of the day. This book has been written to provide an authoritative guide to the issues which underlie the formulation of educational policy. It stands both as a substantial historical study in its own right and as an essential background and introduction to the current educational debate.
Download or read book The Concise Companion to Language Assessment written by Antony John Kunnan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-10-01 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concise Companion to Language Assessment provides a state-of-the-art overview of the crucial areas of language assessment, teaching, and learning. Edited by one of the foremost scholars in the field, The Concise Companion combines newly commissioned articles on innovations in assessment with a selection of chapters from The Companion to Language Assessment, the landmark four-volume reference work first published in 2013. Presented in eight themes, The Concise Companion addresses a broad range of language assessment methods, issues, and contexts. Forty-five chapters cover assessment conceptualization, development, research, and policy, as well as recent changes in language assessment technology, learning-oriented assessment, teacher-based assessment, teacher assessment literacy, plurilingual assessment, assessment for immigration, and more. Exploring the past, present, and future possibilities of the dynamic field, The Concise Companion to Language Assessment: Contains dedicated chapters on listening, speaking, reading writing, vocabulary, pronunciation, intercultural competence, and other language skills Describes fundamental assessment design and scoring guidelines, as well as advanced concepts in scenario-based assessment and automated performance scoring Provides insights on different assessment environments, such as classrooms, universities, employment, immigration, and healthcare Covers various qualitative and quantitative research methods, including introspective methods, classical reliability, and structural equation modeling Discusses the impacts of colonialism and discrimination on the history of language assessment Explores the use of AI in writing evaluation, plagiarism and cheating detection, and other assessment contexts Sure to become a standard text for the next generation of applied linguistics students, The Concise Companion to Language Assessment is an invaluable textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in applied linguistics, language assessment, TESOL, second language acquisition, and language policy.
Download or read book Merit written by Joseph F. Kett and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that citizens' advancement should depend exclusively on merit, on qualities that deserve reward rather than on bloodlines or wire-pulling, was among the Founding ideals of the American republic, Joseph F. Kett argues in this provocative and engaging book. Merit's history, he contends, is best understood within the context of its often conflicting interaction with the other ideals of the Founding, equal rights and government by consent. Merit implies difference; equality suggests sameness. By sanctioning selection of those lower down by those higher up, merit potentially conflicts with the republican ideal that citizens consent to the decisions that affect their lives. In Merit, which traces the history of its subject over three centuries, Kett asserts that Americans have reconciled merit with other principles of the Founding in ways that have shaped their distinctive approach to the grading of public schools, report cards, the forging of workplace hierarchies, employee rating forms, merit systems in government, the selection of officers for the armed forces, and standardized testing for intelligence, character, and vocational interests. Today, the concept of merit is most commonly associated with measures by which it is quantified. Viewing their merit as an element of their selfhood-essential merit-members of the Founding generation showed no interest in quantitative measurements. Rather, they equated merit with an inner quality that accounted for their achievements and that was best measured by their reputations among their peers. In a republic based on equal rights and consent of the people, however, it became important to establish that merit-based rewards were within the grasp of ordinary Americans. In response, Americans embraced institutional merit in the form of procedures focused on drawing small distinctions among average people. They also developed a penchant for increasing the number of winners in competitions-what Kett calls "selection in" rather than "selection out"-in order to satisfy popular aspirations. Kett argues that values rooted in the Founding of the republic continue to influence Americans' approach to controversies, including those surrounding affirmative action, which involve the ideal of merit.
Download or read book A Measure of Failure written by Mark J. Garrison and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asks how and why standardized tests have become the ubiquitous standard by which educational achievement and intelligence are measured.
Download or read book Educating Women written by Christina de Bellaigue and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increasing number of middle class families were taking the education of their daughters seriously in the first part of the nineteenth century, and boarding-schools were multiplying on both sides of the Channel. Schoolmistresses - rarely, in fact, the 'reduced gentlewomen' of nineteenth century fiction - were not only often successful entrepreneurs, but also played an important part they played in the development of the teaching profession, and in the expansion of secondary education. Uncovering their careers and the experiences of their pupils reveals the possibilities and constraints of the lives of middle class women in England and France in the period 1800-1867. Yet those who crossed the Channel in the nineteenth century often commented on the differences they discovered between the experiences of French and English women. Women in France seemed to participate more fully in social and cultural life than their counterparts in England. On the other hand, English girls were felt to enjoy considerably more freedom than young French women. Using the development of schooling for girls as a lens through which to examine the lives of women on either side of the Channel, Educating Women explores such contrasts. It reveals that the differences observed by contemporaries were rooted in the complex interaction of differing conceptions of the role of women with patterns of educational provision, with religion, with the state, and with differing rhythms of economic growth. Illuminating a neglected area of the history of education, it reveals new findings on the history of the professions, on the history of women and on the relationship between gender and national identity in the nineteenth century.
Download or read book Comparative Sociology of Examinations written by Fumiya Onaka and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary societies are constructed, constricted, and constrained by various series of examinations. Governments of both Western and non-Western countries tend to conduct detailed, multi-layered and continuous systems of tests or examinations. International tests, such as PISA and TIMSS, have also been introduced to compare the relative performances of learners within diverse educational institutions across different countries. Examinations therefore provide a methodological pivot for comparing a range of societies. They enable us to contrast the West and the East; the North and the South; tribal and mass society; ancient and postmodern civilization; and so on. Comparing parallel societies from across Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North America, this book proposes fundamental transitions in sociological research from system to process and from communication to composition through intensive studies on examinations. It uses ethnographies, interviews, questionnaires, documents, statistics, and big-data analyses to make comparisons on broad scales of time and space. In so doing, it suggests hypotheses encompassing different kinds of societies in human history, including those in the Axial Age and the Modern Ages.
Download or read book Medical Education at St Bartholomew s Hospital 1123 1995 written by Keir Waddington and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2003 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the evolution of medical education at Barts from its foundation in 1123 to the college's merger with The London Hospital and Queen Mary & Westfield College in 1995. Medical Education at St Bartholomew's Hospital traces the evolution of medical education at Barts from its foundation in 1123 to the college's merger with The London and Queen Mary & Westfield College in 1995. Drawing on the hospital's rich archives, it investigates how training was institutionalised and organised at Barts to explore the shifting nature of medical education between the eighteenth and late-twentieth century. Medical Education at St Bartholomew's Hospital, in analysing the history of the medical college at Barts, explores the relationship between clinical study, science and the institution to look at the rise of the hospital student, the growth of laboratory medicine, and the evolution of a research culture. It places the changing nature of training at Barts in the context of metropolitan and national developments to analyse the structure of medical training, the University of London and its impact on medical education, and the experiences of the students and staff. Questions are asked about how academic medicine developed and about the relationship between training, the bedside, teaching hospitals and the politics of healthcare and higher education. In looking at these areas, existing notions of the "development" of medical education are problematised to provide a study that explores the nature of medical education at Barts and in London. KEIR WADDINGTON is lecturer in history at Cardiff University.
Download or read book Modern Britain Third Edition written by Edward Royle and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully revised and updated, the third edition of this deservedly popular history book incorporates new currents in historical writing on matters such as the language of class, the position of women, and the revolution worked by the Internet and mobile technologies.
Download or read book Cambridge in the Age of the Enlightenment written by John Gascoigne and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-18 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the relationship between Anglicanism and science in late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Cambridge.
Download or read book Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages written by Nicola McLelland and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages provides a comprehensive history of language teaching and learning in the UK from its earliest beginnings to the year 2000. McLelland offers the first history of the social context of foreign language education in Britain, as well as an overview of changing approaches, methods and techniques in language teaching and learning. The important impact of classroom-external factors on developments in language teaching and learning is also taken into account, particularly regarding the policies and public examination requirements of the 20th century. Beginning with a chronological overview of language teaching and learning in Britain, McLelland explores which languages were learned when, why and by whom, before examining the social history of language teaching and learning in greater detail, addressing topics including the status that language learning and teaching have held in society. McLelland also provides a history of how languages have been taught, contrasting historical developments with current orthodoxies of language teaching. Experiences outside school are discussed with reference to examples from adult education, teach-yourself courses and military language learning. Providing an accessible, authoritative history of language education in Britain, Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages will appeal to academics and postgraduate students engaged in the history of education and language learning across the world. The book will also be of interest to teacher educators, trainee and practising teachers, policymakers and curriculum developers.
Download or read book Spectacles and the Victorians written by Gemma Almond-Brown and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first full-length study of spectacles in the Victorian period. It examines how the Victorians shaped our understanding of functional visual capacity and the concept of 20:20 vision. Demonstrating how this unique assistive device can connect the histories of medicine, technology and disability, it charts how technology has influenced our understanding of sensory perception, both through the diagnostic methods used to measure visual impairment and the utility of spectacles to ameliorate its effects. Taking a material culture approach, the book assesses how the design of spectacles thwarted ophthalmologists’ attempts to medicalise their distribution and use, as well as creating a mainstream marketable device on the high street.
Download or read book Conflict and Compromise written by Dennis Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1982, this study explores the dynamics of class formation during the vital decades between 1830 and 1914, when a rising urban industrial order was developing in complex interdependence with a declining rural agrarian order. The book follows the divergent paths of two cities - Birmingham and Sheffield – in their social development. These paths reflect the complex process of conflict and compromise as the ‘old’ order was gradually replaced by the ‘new’. It studies in detail many aspects of social life that were affected by these changes such as education, public administration, political structures, public administration, religion, the professions, popular culture and family. This book will be of interest to those studying Victorian history and sociology.
