Download or read book Pseudotyped Viruses written by Youchun Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book intends to report the new progress of pseudotyped viruses, including the construction of pseudotyped viruses with different strategies or vectors for most important viruses. Especially for emerging viruses, optimization of the condition and parameters for assay development based on the pseudotyped viruses and widely application as surrogate of authentic virus to study the biological functions of virus, detection of neutralizing antibody, screening viral entry inhibiters, and others. It includes most pseudotyped viruses that have the protein of the target virus on the surface of the parent virus with incomplete genome. The book is likely to be of interest to all researchers in the field of virology, vaccine, and anti-viral drug development and evaluation.
Download or read book Pseudotyped Lentiviral Systems for Studying Viral Entry Proteins from Emerging Viruses with Pandemic Potential written by Katharine Holt Dusenbury Crawford and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral entry proteins facilitate viral entry into host cells through receptor binding and membrane fusion. They play a critical role in the viral life cycle and, as prominent surface proteins, are common targets of the host immune response. Mutations in viral entry proteins can allow viruses to infect new hosts (including humans), better spread between hosts, or evade immune responses and some therapeutics. A better understanding of how viral entry proteins interact with host proteins, elicit host antibody responses, or are affected by mutations is important for being tackling current and emerging viral threats. However, viral entry proteins are also heavily glycosylated, multimeric, metastable proteins that are challenging to work with. Furthermore, studying viral entry proteins in their native viral context is challenging due to inefficient reverse genetics systems or the need to work under high biosafety level containment. As such, many viral entry proteins—especially those from emerging viruses—cannot be studied with many high- throughput experimental techniques, such as mutational scanning experiments. Pseudotyping viral entry proteins on easier- and safer-to-work-with viral particles is one way to facilitate research of viral entry proteins from emerging viruses. When SARS- CoV-2 was first identified in late 2019, there was an urgent need to develop tools to safely and easily study the virus. Working with SARS-CoV-2 itself requires a biosafety level 3 facility, but pseudotyping its entry protein, spike, onto lentiviral particles allows SARS-CoV-2 spike to be studied under commonly available biosafety level 2 conditions. In the following chapters, I describe a protocol for pseudotyping lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 spike to facilitate research into this emerging virus. I also describe the use of spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles to investigate the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and the effects of mutations to spike on its function as a viral entry protein. Spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles are especially useful for measuring SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies and I provide a detailed protocol for a SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay using spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles I then use this assay to investigate the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in the first several months following infection. Titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies decline modestly from ≈1 to ≈3 months post symptom onset, which is typical of the neutralizing antibody response to other acute respiratory viruses. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also provided an example of the importance of prospectively characterizing the effects of mutations to viral entry proteins. Pseudotyped lentiviral particles provide a genetically tractable system for assessing the effects of mutations to viral entry proteins from emerging viruses at high-throughput. As such, I have worked to develop a pseudotyped lentivirus-based system for screening the functional and antigenic effects of mutations to viral entry proteins from emerging viruses in high-throughput. This system is still being developed, but I briefly discuss current progress and describe a Python package I helped write to facilitate the analysis of such deep mutational scanning experiments. In summary, the following chapters describe the use of pseudotyped lentiviral particles as a a flexible, rapidly deployable tool for studying viral entry proteins from emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. Using spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles, I contributed to some of our earliest understanding of the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in the first several months following infection. Nonetheless, I think the full potential of using pseudotyped lentiviral particles to study viral entry proteins from emerging viruses has yet to be realized. As such, I also discuss current progress (including computational tools) and future work towards using pseudotyped lentiviral particles to measure the functional and antigenic effects of mutations to viral entry proteins from emerging viruses at high-throughput.
Download or read book Advances in Animal Disease Diagnosis written by Suresh Kumar Gahlawat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Animal Disease Diagnosis: Infectious animal diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses threaten the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock and human populations, limit productivity and significantly increase economic losses to each sector. Pathogen de-tection is an important step for the diagnosis and successful treatment of animal diseases as well as control management in farm and field conditions. The conventional techniques employed to diagnose pathogens in livestock species are time-consuming and sometimes give inconclusive results. On the contrary, molecular techniques have the potential to diag-nose known pathogens/conditions quickly, reliably, and unequivocally as well as for novel pathogen detection. New advances in diagnostics and vaccine design using genomics have developed powerful new methods that have also set the stage for the enhanced diagnosis, surveillance, and control of infectious diseases. High-throughput sequencing (HTS), for ex-ample, uses the latest DNA sequencing platforms in the detection, identification, and detailed analysis of both pathogen and host genomes. This book will explore some key opportunities in the context of animal health, such as the detection of new microorganisms and the development of improved diagnosis of emerging or re-emerging diseases and other clinical conditions, viz. biosensors, nanotools, and omics technologies. Features • Details comprehensive knowledge on the latest molecular techniques for animal disease diagnosis and management • Examines how DNA-based diagnostic techniques will assist international efforts to control the introduction of exotic diseases into new geographic areas • Describes the latest molecular assays for the rapid and accurate detection of pathogens • Helps in working towards meeting the global challenge for sustainable food production and the eradication of poverty • With new biotechnological developments, this fully updated book is a treasure trove of the latest information in animal and medical science
Download or read book Production and Evaluation of Pseudotyped Viruses for Hepacivirus and Flavivirus Studies written by Kamilla Toon and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lentiviral Vectors written by Didier Trono and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-14 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time a compilation of chapters that depict the biological bases underlying the development of lentiviral vectors, the techniques involved in the manufacture of this new gene delivery tool, and its most promising applications.
Download or read book Mononegaviruses of Veterinary Importance Volume 1 written by Muhammad Munir and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013-11-28 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mononegavirales are an order of viruses affecting large, small and marine animals. Discussing the pathology and laboratory diagnosis of important viruses, this book covers those that cause a significant threat to animals in terms of their severity and epidemiological risk, as well as those which are used as models in the study of infectious disease. Also including viruses with zoonotic potential, this book reviews the literature for rinderpest, Rabies and Ebola.
Download or read book Gene Therapy written by David Cooper and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene Therapy describes the delivery systems now available to target a given tissue with specific gene or oligonucleotide sequences, and explores the utility of animal modules as test systems. In the context of selected disease states, it summarises in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials performed to date.
Download or read book Receptor independent associated viral tropism written by Akio Adachi and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important and outstanding characteristics of viruses is their cellular and host tropism. As parasitic entities, viruses have to compromise with numbers of positive and negative factors present in target cells for their survival. In the absence of an appropriate interaction with cells, they do not replicate at all. Viral tropism can be therefore determined at each replication step, from the entry to progeny production in target cells. There are two major types of viral tropism, that is, the receptor-dependent and -independent tropisms. Restriction of viral replication occurs on the cell surface (receptor-dependent viral entry step) and/or intracellularly (receptor-independent post-entry replication steps). Viruses have acquired some mechanisms through adaptive mutations and/or recombinations to counteract a wide variety of cellular restriction factors, or to correctly interact with numerous cellular factors necessary for replication. They thereby can replicate, spread and survive in certain cell lineages, tissues, organs and finally in host individuals. This evolutional process/pressure would have generated profound effects on the biological properties of viruses. Recently, many cellular anti-viral factors with unique action mechanisms in addition to co-viral factors have been discovered by extensive studies on molecular genetics of viruses. Researches of these factors would lead to the effective clinical applications, as well as the increase of basic biological knowledge. In this Research Topic, we focus on the receptor-independent and uniquely associated viral tropism other than the strictly receptor-dependent or -mediated one. By presenting a series of centered articles, we describe here the unique properties of various virus species. Any types of the tier 1 article would be accepted and included in this Topic.
Download or read book Insect Viruses written by Byrony C Bonning and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2006-09-22 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baculoviruses are perhaps unique among viruses in the breadth of their biotechnological applications: these insect specific viruses are used not only for insect pest management purposes, but also as laboratory research tools for production of recombinant proteins and for protein display, and as potential vectors for human gene therapy. In addition to highlighting recent advances, this volume provides a comprehensive review of the biotechnological applications of these and other insect viruses in both the academic and private sectors.
Download or read book Advances in Virus Research written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. The impact factor for 2006 is 3.48 placing it 7th in the highly competitive category of virology.
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Biology of Viruses written by Phoebe Lostroh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-03-25 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised second edition of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Viruses leads students on an exploration of viruses by supporting engaging and interactive learning. All the major classes of viruses are covered, with separate chapters for their replication and expression strategies, and chapters for mechanisms such as attachment that are independent of the virus genome type. Specific cases drawn from primary literature foster student engagement. End-of-chapter questions focus on analysis and interpretation with answers being given at the back of the book. Examples come from the most-studied and medically important viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and influenza. Plant viruses and bacteriophages are also included. There are chapters on the overall effect of viral infection on the host cell. Coverage of the immune system is focused on the interplay between host defenses and viruses, with a separate chapter on medical applications such as antiviral drugs and vaccine development. The final chapter is on virus diversity and evolution, incorporating contemporary insights from metagenomic research. The second edition has updated suggestions for primary literature to discuss along with each chapter. New to this second edition, a supplementary chapter, freely available for download, looks at how virology intersects with public health, and uses the COVID-19 pandemic as a notable example. Key Features Readable but rigorous coverage of the molecular and cellular biology of viruses Molecular mechanisms of all major groups, including plant viruses and bacteriophages, illustrated by example Host-pathogen interactions at the cellular and molecular level emphasized throughout Medical implications and consequences included Quality illustrations available to instructors New to this second edition, interactive quiz questions hosted online
Download or read book Handbook of Anticancer Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics written by William D. Figg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-03-26 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading investigators synthesize the entire laboratory and clinical process of developing anticancer drugs to create a single indispensable reference that covers all the steps from the identification of cancer-specific targets to phase III clinical trials. These expert authors provide their best guidance on a wide variety of issues, including clinical trial design, preclinical screening, and the development and validation of bioanalytic methods. The chapters on identifying agents to test in phase III trials and on trial design for the approval of new anticancer agents offer a unique roadmap for moving an agent to NDA submission.
Download or read book Viral Diagnostics written by Robert S. Marks and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates a variety of challenges that bug hunters try to solve. It is an outstanding collection of the insights and expertise of an interdisciplinary group of researchers from all walks of life: virologists, physicians, immunologists, electrochemists, physicists, computer scientists, biotechnologists, epidemiologists, and molecular biologists, all working at the forefront of diagnostics in fields that cross scientific boundaries. Notwithstanding a dire moment as that of the recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa that saddens us all, we must more than ever peregrinate across oceans, and take the fight to them, as these invisible and exotic but deadly enemies know no barriers and constantly invade our lives. The coming epidemics and killer pandemics require us to continuously innovate in areas of prevention, detection, and therapy. The present volume focuses on creating virus alerts or hand-held detectors to bring to the field during an epidemic, when possible, or tools for the healthcare worker to rapidly diagnose the patient’s ailment. The authors describe the conventional cell cultures and molecular biology methodologies, while introducing state-of-the-art multidisciplinary biosensors. This book is not a manual, set of protocols, or a textbook; it is a glimpse into the advances of virus diagnostic research. Included are a variety of topics that encompass world health issues, local folklore such as associating outbreaks with witchcraft, problems in getting healthcare workers to the outbreak areas, and insights in viral diagnostic pitfalls.
Download or read book Coronavirus Disease 19 COVID 19 A Perspective of New Scenario written by Kamal Niaz and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19: Epidemiology, Biochemistry, and Diagnostics explains COVID-19 from multidisciplinary angles such as the evolution of SARS-COV, genetic techniques to study the virus, and diagnostic methodologies widely used in the global COVID-19 pandemic. The chapters in this book provide the reader with up-to-date literature about research on SARS-CoV-2 through three parts: I) Evolution and Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host II) Genetic Alteration and Structural Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins III) Quantitative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 for research and medical diagnosis Key Features: - 15 chapters on SAR-CoV-2 in a multidisciplinary context - Provides a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and genetics - Provides biochemical information about SARS-CoV-2 proteins and receptor targets (both structural and non-structural proteins) - Includes an overview of several methods of detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (ELISA, PCR, Neutralizing Antibodies - Covers some critical diagnostic modalities for COVID-19 diagnosis - Provides bibliographic references for further reading Readers will understand the significance of phylogenetic analysis of coronaviruses, along with the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and related diseases such as SARS and MERS. Applications of biochemical technologies such as RT-PCR and CRISPR are also demonstrated in the text. This book is a comprehensive introduction to COVID-19 research for medical researchers, microbiologists and virologists. Students in academic programs in life sciences and medicine will also benefit from the information provided in the book.
Download or read book The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Batten Disease written by Sara Mole and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition is the definitive reference text on the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs; also known as 'Batten Disease').
Download or read book Immune Correlates of Protection for Emerging Diseases Lessons from Ebola and COVID 19 written by Javier Castillo-Olivares and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-08 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Correlates of Protection (CoP) are biological parameters present in vaccinated or naturally infected individuals that predict levels of protection against an infectious disease. CoP facilitate vaccine licensing since they enable: a) the selection of antigen composition of a vaccine; b) the assessment of vaccine efficacy in clinical trials without exposure of participants to natural infection; and c) bridging between first- and second-generation vaccines.
Download or read book Novel Therapeutic Interventions Against Infectious Diseases COVID 19 written by and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
