Download or read book Pseudomonas Syringae Pathogenesis and Suppression of Plant Immunity written by Panya Kim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second is focused GRP7, a plant target of the T3E HopU1. We found that GRP7 transgenic plants were more resistant to hemi- or biotrophic pathogens and induced levels of PRs after pathogen infection. Importantly, the increased resistance of GRP7 transgenic plants was dependent on salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity. The interaction between GRP7 and immunity-related RNAs was inhibited by HopU1 in a manner dependent on HopU1's ADP-RT activity. I performed RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing experiments and found that many RNAs interacted with GRP7 including many more immunity-related. Our research reveals the broad role of GRP7 in plant immunity.
Download or read book The Hypersensitive Reaction in Plants to Pathogens written by Robert N. Goodman and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1994 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nikolai Gogol’s short story is a sublime work of tragi-comedy. In it, he brilliantly ridicules the Ukrainian passion for litigation and reveals life as something really rather absurd. Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich are the greatest of friends—until the day they begin a foolish quarrel that culminates in that very worst of insults: “And you, Ivan Ivanovich, are a goose.” From that moment on, not another word is spoken between them as they choose instead to fight out their differences in the courts. But it seems theirs is a lawsuit that is set to run for years and years.
Download or read book Function of the Pseudomonas Syringae Type III Effector AvrPtoB in Bacterial Pathogenesis of Plants written by Robert B. Abramovitch and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Jasmonate Signaling written by Alain Goossens and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well established that jasmonates, originally identified as the major component of jasmine scent, play a universal role in the plant kingdom and are involved in the regulation of diverse aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, metabolism, and interaction with the environment. In Jasmonate Signaling: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field aim to unite powerful emerging omics platforms with a number of key reductionist approaches to form a comprehensive collection of tools and protocols. The detailed chapters in this book embrace physiological, environmental, molecular, omics, and bioinformatics approaches that allow dissecting jasmonate actions in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana or in other plants. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters feature introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, along with tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Jasmonate Signaling: Methods and Protocols will empower interested researchers to dissect all steps of jasmonate signaling and the processes they modulate.
Download or read book Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens written by K. Rudolph and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-06-30 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, research on Pseudomonas syringae pathovars and related pathogens has progressed rapidly, opening up many new avenues. The application of molecular genetics has provided new insights into determinants of pathogenicity and virulence. Progress has also been made in elucidating the chemical structures and modes of action of phytotoxins from Pseudomonas syringae; by establishing novel strategies for disease control; in biotechnological applications; by studying the resistant reaction of the plant with a combined biochemical and genetic approach; and in the development of new detection and identification methodologies as tools in epidemiological studies. With such rapid advances it becomes more and more difficult to keep abreast of the developments and concepts within disciplines, all involving research on pathovars of P. syringae. In an attempt to provide a balanced overview, recent developments in these rapidly expanding fields have been critically reviewed at the beginning of each chapter by internationally renowned experts. Our comprehensive coverage has been made possible because all the contributors to this volume presented their latest findings at the `5th International Conference on Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens' in Berlin, September 3-8, 1995. In this way, it was possible to bring together contributions from a wide range of fields including phytopathology, genetics, bacteriology, plant breeding, plant protection, and taxonomy. This book is not intended simply as a record of the proceedings of the Berlin Conference, but as an extension of recent findings and hypotheses put forward at the meeting. All papers published in this volume have been reviewed by the Editors.
Download or read book Activation and Suppression of Plant Immunity written by Zhengqing Fu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants constantly face many kinds of abiotic and biotic stresses. One of the major threats is from many plant fungal, oomycete, viral, bacterial and nematode pathogens. Plant diseases caused by these pathogens reduce crop yield by 10-15% worldwide every year. Throughout the human history, plant diseases are responsible for many famines including the infamous Irish Potato Famine. Besides the negative impact on the yield, the quality of the infected crop will be adversely affected and the toxins produced by plant pathogens pose threat to human health. During the co-evolution between plants and pathogens, plants developed elegant defense system against pathogen infection and plant pathogens deploy a variety of strategies to suppress plant innate immunity. A deeper understanding the molecular mechanisms on the activation of plant defense in plants and suppression of plant defense by plant pathogens will be crucial to develop effective ways to minimize the detrimental effects from plant diseases on human beings. This Research Topic aims to increase our understanding on the molecular interactions between plants and pathogens.
Download or read book Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions written by Francis Martin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants and microbes interact in a complex relationship that can have both harmful and beneficial impacts on both plant and microbial communities. Effectors, secreted microbial molecules that alter plant processes and facilitate colonization, are central to understanding the complicated interplay between plants and microbes. Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions unlocks the molecular basis of this important class of microbial molecules and describes their diverse and complex interactions with host plants. Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions is divided into five sections that take stock of the current knowledge on effectors of plant-associated organisms. Coverage ranges from the impact of bacterial, fungal and oomycete effectors on plant immunity and high-throughput genomic analysis of effectors to the function and trafficking of these microbial molecules. The final section looks at effectors secreted by other eukaryotic microbes that are the focus of current and future research efforts. Written by leading international experts in plant-microbe interactions, Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions, will be an essential volume for plant biologists, microbiologists, pathologists, and geneticists.
Download or read book Plant pathogen Interactions written by Alexander Morgan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans rely on plants for food, fiber, fuel and medicines. Understanding plant-pathogen interactions is critical to maintaining and improving the health of crops. This is particularly true in light of future pressures on agricultural systems. Broadly, plant-pathogen interactions can be viewed through three lenses: microbial pathogenesis, plant immunity, and crosstalk between pathogenesis and resistance. This work consists of three studies, each focused through one of these three lenses. The first addresses a possible role for microbial production of the small molecule salicylic acid in crosstalk signaling. The second investigates the mechanism of microbial iron acquisition from host plant tissues. The third characterizes the effects of the immune regulatory phytohormone salicylic acid in root tissues, an area that was previously largely unexplored. Together, these three studies contribute new knowledge to our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions and new tools for future investigations. Salicylic acid (SA, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a small molecule with numerous known bioactivities in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans to plants. In plants the compound is considered a phytohormone because it acts at low concentrations to signal a major reprogramming of cellular activities and does so both locally and at sites distal from the site of synthesis. The best-characterized outcome of SA signaling is an activation of a plant innate immune response effective against numerous biotrophic pathogens. One such pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 infects Lycopersicon esculentum and Arabidopsis thaliana hosts and is predicted to synthesize SA as an intermediate for yersiniabactin (Ybt) biosynthesis. As a siderophore, Ybt is expected to function in high affinity iron acquisition, and several studies indicated that siderophore function is required for pathogenesis of microbial and fungal phytopathogens. Thus, if Ybt is synthesized for iron acquisition in planta, then active synthesis of SA by DC3000 may impact pathogenesis. Alternatively, plant SA could be sequestered by DC3000 through conversion to Ybt, thereby reducing host immunity. Indeed, SA is produced by DC3000 for Ybt synthesis under iron limited culture conditions (Chapter 2). However, results from a genetic approach described in Chapter 2 demonstrate that SA and Ybt from DC3000 are unlikely to play a significant role in pathogenesis. Although iron acquisition through siderophores is well established as a key virulence determinant in many mammalian pathosystems, fewer examples exist for plant pathogens. As mentioned above, the Ybt siderophore is unlikely to play a role in DC3000 pathogenesis (Chapter 2). However, DC3000 has two predicted siderophore systems for high affinity iron uptake, Ybt and pyoverdin (Pvd), raising the possibility that Pvd production is sufficient for iron acquisition from plant hosts. Therefore, we continued with a genetic investigation into DC3000 siderophores in order to determine mechanism of pathogenic iron nutrition (described in Chapter 3). Results from this approach show that loss of both siderophores did not reduce pathogenesis, but also revealed the presence of a third DC3000 siderophore, citrate. However, despite the importance of iron-citrate uptake in iron limited culture, a triple DC3000 mutant lacking all three siderophores was no less pathogenic than wt DC3000. Further experiments combined with data from others lead to a questioning of the necessity for high affinity iron uptake in plant pathogenesis, and suggest that low affinity iron uptake is sufficient for growth in planta. The finding that DC3000 siderophores are not virulence factors and the view of the plant intercellular environment as iron replete, rather than iron-limited, changes our understanding of iron physiology for DC3000 and iron relations in plant-pathogen interactions in general. Experiments described in Chapter 4 show that physiologically relevant concentrations of SA inhibit root growth in Arabidopsis primarily through a dramatic reduction in cell elongation. We could not demonstrate that this SA treatment alters auxin signaling in the root, but we do demonstrate that SA reduces root accumulation of the hydroxyl radical and other reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (Chapter 4). Interestingly, the canonical NPR1 mediated SA immune response is not required for the inhibition of root growth. In fact, an npr1 mutant is more sensitive to SA (Chapter 4). A further screening of known defense mutants revealed a role for SA responsive transcription factor WRKY38 and paralog WRKY62 in modulating SA root inhibition. The wrky38wrky62 double mutant is more resistant to SA root inhibition and WRKY38 overexpressor mutants are more sensitive (Chapter 4). Intriguingly, WRKY38 is expressed in root tips without exogenous SA application, suggesting a possible role for endogenous SA in regulating root development. Together, the results from this investigation provide first insights into the little understood root inhibition activity of SA, and establish this tractable system for future investigations into cellular targets of SA action.
Download or read book Plant Proteases written by Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-24 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant proteases are involved in most aspects of plant physiology and development, playing key roles in the generation of signaling molecules and as regulators of essential cellular processes such as cell division and metabolism. They take part in important pathways like protein turnover by the degradation of misfolded proteins and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and they are responsible for post-translational modifications of proteins by proteolysis at highly specific sites. Proteases are also implicated in a great variety of environmentally controlled processes, including mobilization of storage proteins during seed germination, development of seedlings, senescence, programmed cell death and defense mechanisms against pests and pathogens. However, in spite of their importance, little is known about the functions and mode of actions of specific plant proteases. This Research Topic collects contributions covering diverse aspects of plant proteases research.
Download or read book Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants written by Jiayang Li and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis and Mechanisms of Action is based on research funded by the Chinese government’s National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This book brings a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions. With growing understanding of hormone biology comes new outlooks on how mankind values and utilizes the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. This book is a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones: how they are synthesized and catabolized; how they are perceived by plant cells; how they trigger signal transduction; how they regulate gene expression; how they regulate plant growth, development and defense responses; and how we measure plant hormones. This is an exciting time for researchers interested in plant hormones. Plants rely on a diverse set of small molecule hormones to regulate every aspect of their biological processes including development, growth, and adaptation. Since the discovery of the first plant hormone auxin, hormones have always been the frontiers of plant biology. Although the physiological functions of most plant hormones have been studied for decades, the last 15 to 20 years have seen a dramatic progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hormone actions. The publication of the whole genome sequences of the model systems of Arabidopsis and rice, together with the advent of multidisciplinary approaches has opened the door to successful experimentation on plant hormone actions. Offers a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones including the recently discovered strigolactones and several peptide hormones Contains a chapter describing how plant hormones regulate stem cells Offers a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions Discusses the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner
Download or read book Purification and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites written by Thomas E. Crowley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purification and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites: A Laboratory Manual for Analytical and Structural Biochemistry provides students with working knowledge of the fundamental and advanced techniques of experimental biochemistry. Sections provide an overview of the microbiological and biochemical methods typically used for the purification of metabolites and discuss the biological significance of secondary metabolites secreted by three diverse species of bacteria. Additionally, this lab manual covers the theory and practice of the most commonly-used techniques of analytical biochemistry, UV-vis and IR spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, and how to evaluate and effectively use scientific data. Instructors will find this book useful because of the modular nature of the lab exercises included. Written in a logical, easy-to-understand manner, this book is an indispensable resource for both students and instructors. Offers project lab formats for students that closely simulate original research projects Provides instructional guidance for students to design their own experiments Presents advanced analytical techniques Includes access to a website with additional resources for instructors
Download or read book Plant Pathogenesis and Resistance written by Jeng-Sheng Huang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each plant-pathogen interaction involves a two-way molecular communication. On one hand, the pathogen perceives signals from the plant, secretes chemical arsenals to establish infection courts, and produces metabolites that disrupt structural integrity, alter cellular function, and circumvent host defenses. On the other hand, the plant senses the signals from the pathogen, reinforces its cell walls, and accumulates phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related proteins in an attempt to defend itself. The production of pathogenicity and virulence factors by the pathogen, the elicitation of defense mechanisms by the plant, and the dynamic interaction of the two are the focal points of this book. The book will be of interest to researchers and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the areas of plant pathology, plant physiology, and plant biochemistry.
Download or read book Pseudomonas Syringae Mono ADP ribosyltransferase Type III Effectors written by Anna Joe and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae requires a type III secretion system (T3SS) to cause disease. The T3SS is a molecular syringe that injects type III effector (T3E) proteins into eukaryotic cells. The primary function of T3Es is the suppression of plant immunity to favor pathogenicity. In P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, there are three effectors that share similarity with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ADP-RTs). Among these, HopU1 has been shown to ADP-ribosylate Arabidopsis RNA-binding proteins including glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 7 (GRP7). Here, we show a function for GRP7 in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) that is inhibited by HopU1. The molecular mechanism underlying this is that GRP7 associates with translational components as well as with the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) FLS2 and EFR transcripts. The interaction GRP7 has with PRR transcripts requires its RNA recognition motif, which is inhibited by HopU1 ADP-ribosylation. This inhibition caused reduced FLS protein levels in planta upon DC3000 infection in a HopU1- dependent manner. We also searched for a broad role of GRP7 in plant immunity and found plants over-expressing GRP7 are more resistant to other pathogens, especially those which induce salicylic acid (SA)-dependent immunity. Surprisingly, important SA-related SID2 and NPR1 mRNAs also bind GRP7 to facilitate their translation. Therefore, plants over-expressing GRP7 produced more SA and NPR1 protein, resulting in increased SA-dependent immunity. The interaction that GRP7 has with these RNAs is inhibited by HopU1 ADPribosylation in vivo and in vitro. Two other putative ADP-RTs are HopO1-1 and HopO1-2. DC3000 mutants lacking hopO1-1 or hopO1-2 were reduced in their growth in planta suggesting that DC3000 requires these T3Es for full virulence. HopO1-1 and HopO1-2 derivatives with mutations in their ADP-RT catalytic site were unable to contribute to virulence and were no longer capable of suppressing PTI and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Both of these T3Es localized to the plasma membrane of plant cells. These results indicate that HopO1-1 and HopO1-2 are likely active ADP-RTs and that their target are in the plant plasma membrane,
Download or read book Sustainable Approaches to Controlling Plant Pathogenic Bacteria written by V. Rajesh Kannan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant diseases and changes in existing pathogens remain a constant threat to our forests, food, and fiber crops as well as landscape plants. However, many economically important pathosystems are largely unexplored and biologically relevant life stages of familiar systems remain poorly understood. In a multifaceted approach to plant pathogenic behavioral control, Sustainable Approaches to Controlling Plant Pathogenic Bacteria discusses the impact of plant pathogenic bacterial pathogenesis on scientific and economic levels. It introduces mechanisms, measuring tools, and controlling strategies you can use to meet the challenge of developing new and innovative ways to control plant diseases. The book covers many aspects of the activities of pathogenic bacteria that interact with plants. With chapters contributed by experts, the book focuses on: Pathogenesis Epidemiology Forecasting systems Control measures including diagnosis, quarantine, and eradication Adoption of agro-traditional practices Tools for the control of antibacterial polypeptides Nutrient supplements Metabolic substances from other organisms Mechanisms of siderophores Host resistances Quorum sensing and quenching Seed and foliar applications Impact of plant pathogens on scientific and economic levels The editors’ approach provides a broad perspective, including modern trends in ecology that consider plant pathogenic bacterial control from all angles. The discussions and reviews in the book cover a wide range of aspects of plant pathogenic bacterial pathogenicity, epidemiology, and impact on the food chain as well as strategies for control, which will help you develop sustainable methods for controlling plant diseases.
Download or read book Pseudomonas Syringae Arabidopsis Thaliana Interaction written by Xiufang Xin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Hormone Signaling Systems in Plant Innate Immunity written by P. Vidhyasekaran and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are endowed with innate immune system, which acts as a surveillance system against possible attack by pathogens. Plant innate immune systems have high potential to fight against viral, bacterial, oomycete and fungal pathogens and protect the crop plants against wide range of diseases. However, the innate immune system is a sleeping system in unstressed healthy plants. Fast and strong activation of the plant immune responses aids the host plants to win the war against the pathogens. Plant hormone signaling systems including salicylate (SA), jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins and brassinosteroids signaling systems play a key role in activation of the sleeping immune systems. Suppression or induction of specific hormone signaling systems may result in disease development or disease resistance. Specific signaling pathway has to be activated to confer resistance against specific pathogen in a particular host. Two forms of induced resistance, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR), have been recognized based on the induction of specific hormone signaling systems. Specific hormone signaling system determines the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions, culminating in disease development or disease resistance. Susceptibility or resistance against a particular pathogen is determined by the action of the signaling network. The disease outcome is often determined by complex network of interactions among multiple hormone signaling pathways. Manipulation of the complex hormone signaling systems and fine tuning the hormone signaling events would help in management of various crop diseases. The purpose of the book is to critically examine the potential methods to manipulate the multiple plant hormone signaling systems to aid the host plants to win the battle against pathogens.
Download or read book Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes written by Mark S. Mount and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.1 - Phytopathogenic prokaryotes; Concepts for plant interactions with prokaryotes; Prokaryote interactions on plant surfaces; Prokaryote interactions within the plant; v.2 - Epidemiology and dispersal; Host coevolution with the pathogen; Pathogen coevolution with the host; Strategies for control; Cultivation and preservation.
