Download or read book Providing Sustainable Sanitation Services for All in WASH Interventions through a Menstrual Hygiene Management Approach written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A gender-inclusive approach to sanitation through Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) is needed to ensure that the benefits of sanitation and hygiene are truly universal. The key takeaways from this brief are: (1) the need to do contextual research before proposing an intervention, ideally by working with a gender specialist; and (2) the value of working through Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions to integrate the key pillars of MHM. This note presents some of the knowledge gained through this event and some recent research findings on the topic. As MHM cuts across many development sectors, it aims to be relevant to development practitioners looking for practical resources to integrate this approach into interventions in the water sector, but also in health, education, social protection, community development, and other related development programs.In recent years, issues deriving from the lack of adequate MHM have been coming to the fore in the WASH sector, particularly in relation to girls reportedly missing school because of poor MHM.The extent to which women and girls' activities are affected by menstruation varies, depending on the context, but remains significant throughout their life, particularly in low-income countries.

Download or read book Addressing Menstrual Health in Urban Water and Sanitation Interventions in the Pacific written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides practical tips for addressing menstrual health as part of urban development, water, and sanitation work in the Pacific to promote gender equality and well-being. It outlines the need to improve education about menstruation, eliminate stigma and discrimination, and boost access to sanitation facilities to support inclusive development and economic growth. It identifies how project design and implementation can immediately strengthen menstrual health. While the guide is intended to inform projects supported by the Asian Development Bank, it will also be relevant to other urban development and water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions.

Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies written by Chris Bobel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 1041 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access handbook, the first of its kind, provides a comprehensive and carefully curated multidisciplinary and genre-spanning view of the state of the field of Critical Menstruation Studies, opening up new directions in research and advocacy. It is animated by the central question: ‘“what new lines of inquiry are possible when we center our attention on menstrual health and politics across the life course?” The chapters—diverse in content, form and perspective—establish Critical Menstruation Studies as a potent lens that reveals, complicates and unpacks inequalities across biological, social, cultural and historical dimensions. This handbook is an unmatched resource for researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and activists new to and already familiar with the field as it rapidly develops and expands.

Download or read book Development of a Women s Empowerment metric for Water Sanitation and Hygiene WE WASH written by Heckert, Jessica and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing focus on gender-sensitive approaches and women’s empowerment in the water, sanitation, and hygiene sectors. At the same time, there is a lack of metrics to measure women’s empowerment in the WASH sector. Such metrics are important for understanding the types of programmatic interventions that are most needed for addressing women’s empowerment, as well as for assessing their impacts on women’s empowerment. In this report, we describe the development of a Women’s Empowerment metrics for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WE-WASH). We collected data from individual women and men in 812 households in Malawi and 826 households in Nepal. Using the data, we develop 14 indicators and establish cutoff thresholds (i.e., whether the individual is empowered) in the areas of intrinsic, instrumental, and collective agency in WASH; instrumental and intrinsic agency in menstrual hygiene management; and the empowerment environment (or resources for empowerment). In each country, we observe differences in empowerment levels between women and men, that favor men on most outcomes. Notably, in both countries, we find that women are much less likely than men to contribute to WASH infrastructure decisions, and most women are spending an undue amount of time contributing to WASH-related labor. In Nepal especially, agency related to menstrual hygiene management is also a substantial area of disempowerment for women.

Download or read book Menstrual Hygiene Management in Refugee Camps A Qualitative Assessment using Focus Group Discussions written by Wudalew Meselu Tesfaye and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 3.82, , language: English, abstract: Menstrual hygiene is a subject that has thus far been largely neglected by public health literature, including the WASH sector (water, sanitation, and hygyiene). As a result, millions of women and girls continue to be denied their rights for WASH, health, education, dignity and gender equity. This study uses a Focus Group Discussion in order to identify the access to menstrual hygiene management (MHM) materials; challenges and the utilization behaviors of refugees and to assess their preference for type of MHM materials. Key findings: Different experiences of sanitary pads utilization were observed among the discussants before their arrival to the camp. Those women coming from an urban area had experience with sanitary pads utilization, while those women coming from rural parts of Somalia used to use cloths. Conclusion: As the High Commissioner’s Five Commitments to Refugee Women include the provision of sanitary materials to all women and girls of concern, it will be good if the WASH sector and other partners give more attention (besides UNHCR’s concern) to address the women’s demand for MHM items. The disposable type of sanitary pads was the preferred MHM item. Recommendation: It is recommendable to connect school’s latrines with water for the better management of girls’ menstrual hygiene.

Download or read book Handbook of Global Health written by Ilona Kickbusch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 2881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global health is a rapidly emerging discipline with a transformative potential for public policy and international development. Emphasizing transnational health issues, global health aims to improve health and achieve health equity for all people worldwide. Its multidisciplinary scope includes contributions from many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, including clinical medicine, public health, social and behavioral sciences, environmental sciences, economics, public policy, law and ethics. This large reference offers up-to-date information and expertise across all aspects of global health and helps readers to achieve a truly multidisciplinary understanding of the topics, trends as well as the clinical, socioeconomic and environmental drivers impacting global health. As a fully comprehensive, state-of-the-art and continuously updated, living reference, the Handbook of Global Health is an important, dynamic resource to provide context for global health clinical care, organizational decision-making, and overall public policy on many levels. Health workers, physicians, economists, environmental and social scientists, trainees and medical students as well as professionals and practitioners will find this handbook of great value.

Download or read book The United Nations World Water Development Report N 5 2014 written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WWDR 2014 on Water and Energy is now an annual and thematic report with a focus on different strategic water issues each year. It is shorter in the order of 100 pages with a standardized structure and data and case studies annexes related to the theme. The WWDR 2014 will be launched during the main World Water Day celebrations in Tokyo, Japan on 21 March 2014. Water and energy are closely interconnected and highly interdependent. Trade-offs need to be managed to limit negative impacts and foster opportunities for synergy. Water and energy have crucial impacts on poverty alleviation both directly, as a number of the Millennium Development Goals depend on major improvements in access to water, sanitation, power and energy sources, and indirectly, as water and energy can be binding constraints on economic growth the ultimate hope for widespread poverty reduction. This fifth edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR 2014) seeks to inform decision-makers

Download or read book Time of the Month written by Astha Ramaiya and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Menstruation is a naturally occurring monthly phenomena which affects adolescent girls and women worldwide. The last decade has highlighted how menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a public health issue because of its link to health, social justice and human rights. Menstruation is considered a taboo topic, related to uncleanliness and impurity around the world. Menstruation related restrictions have shown to increase poor hygiene behaviors, nutritional deficiencies, gender inequality, marginalization and isolation. A Social and Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) intervention called GARIMA was implemented in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, India to improve adequate menstrual behaviors. Therefore, the overarching question of this dissertation asked: Is SBCC an effective approach to improve adequate menstrual behaviors among adolescent girls in rural North India? To answer the overarching question, three research questions were asked: 1) what are the psychometric properties of a menstrual hygiene management scale? 2) What is the relationship between menstrual related restrictions and menstrual health and hygiene management (MHHM)? 3) How does a social and behavioral change communication intervention predict MHHM? Methods: A mixed method approach was used to analyze the overarching question. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaires were completed on tablets to understand MHHM among 2212 adolescent girls in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 36 Focus Group Discussions were conducted with 309 adolescent girls in the three districts. Villages and adolescent girls were matched on socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics in the intervention and comparison sites. Results: MHHM is a multi-dimensional construct comprising of behaviors which are time bound to menstruation (menstrual health) and behaviors which not time bound to menstruation (hygiene management). Drawing from existing conceptual definitions and their operationalization in this research the author defines MHHM as “Access and use of private toilet/bathroom with soap and water to wash hands and have a bath during menstruation and use of clean menstrual management material to absorb or collect blood that is stored in a safe, clean place and changed at least three times a day for the duration of the menstruation period, and accessing facilities to ultimately dispose of used menstrual management materials”. Overall, 27.58% of the adolescent girls practiced all adequate MHHM behaviors. Ninety six percent of adolescent girls stated they faced restrictions during menstruation. In general, not having restrictions had a positive relationship with adequate MHHM behaviors. The results from the evaluation showed that higher encoded exposure (dose and recall of the program) had a direct relationship with adequate MHHM. The evaluation also showed that indirectly, higher encoded exposure predicted higher knowledge about puberty, higher knowledge about reproductive parts, positive attitudes towards gender, better interpersonal communication, and thereafter, adequate MHHM. Conclusions: MHHM is a public health issue which cross-cuts through several sustainable development goals. Findings demonstrated that MHM is a multi-dimensional construct with four independent indicators corresponding to menstrual health (preparation of clean absorbent, storage of clean absorbent, frequency of changing and disposal) and one indicator corresponding to hygiene management. Therefore, the author recommends future research should use the acronym, MHHM. Restrictions were ubiquitous and mostly had a negative relationship with adequate preparation of clean absorbent, adequate storage of clean absorbent, adequate frequency of changing and disposal. A SBCC program directly improved MHHM and indirectly improved knowledge, some attitudes, interpersonal communication and therefore, adequate MHHM. These findings can be used in developing future programs and strengthening future research on MHHM.

Download or read book Improving Water Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools written by Kevin Tayler and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services protect health and the environment. Such services are particularly important in schools to instill lifelong proper hygiene habits in children and provide them access to the requisite facilities. Many schools in Mongolia face significant challenges in improving WASH due to physical and demographic conditions. The country’s harsh winters require sustainable WASH facilities that can withstand extended periods of below-freezing temperatures. This publication provides essential information for national and local administrators, engineers, field practitioners, and policy makers to plan, implement, and manage improved WASH in schools, particularly in small and isolated rural settlements. It covers WASH standards and norms, design and technology options, operation and maintenance, hygiene education approaches, and cost estimation.

Download or read book Water Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low cost Settings written by John Adams and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Diseases related to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene are a huge burden in developing countries. It is estimated that 88% of diarrhoeal disease is caused by unsafe water supply, and inadequate sanitation and hygiene (WHO, 2004c). Many schools serve communities that have a high prevalence of diseases related to inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and where child malnutrition and other underlying health problems are common. Schools, particularly those in rural areas, often completely lack drinking-water and sanitation and handwashing facilities; alternatively, where such facilities do exist they are often inadequate in both quality and quantity. Schools with poor water, sanitation and hygiene conditions, and intense levels of person-to-person contact, are high-risk environments for children and staff, and exacerbate children's particular susceptibility to environmental health hazards. Children's ability to learn may be affected by inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in several ways. These include helminth infections (which affect hundreds of millions of school-age children), long-term exposure to chemical contaminants in water (e.g. lead and arsenic), diarrhoeal diseases and malaria infections, all of which force many schoolchildren to be absent from school. Poor environmental conditions in the classroom can also make both teaching and learning very difficult. Girls and boys are likely to be affected in different ways by inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in schools, and this may contribute to unequal learning opportunities. Sometimes, girls and female teachers are more affected than boys because the lack of sanitary facilities means that they cannot attend school during menstruation. The international policy environment increasingly reflects these issues. Providing adequate levels of water supply, sanitation and hygiene in schools is of direct relevance to the United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals of achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and reducing child mortality. It is also supportive of other goals, especially those on major diseases and infant mortality." - p. iii

Download or read book Regulating Menstruation written by Etienne van de Walle and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Menstruation, seen alternately as something negative—a "curse" or a failed conception—or as a positive part of the reproductive process to be celebrated as evidence of fertility, has long been a universal concern. How women interpret and react to menstruation and its absence reflects their individual needs both historically as well as in the contemporary cultural, social, economic, and political context in which they live. This unique volume considers what is known of women's options and practices used to regulate menstruation—practices used to control the periodicity, quantity, color, and even consistency of menses—in different places and times, while revealing the ambiguity that those practices present. Originating from an Internet conference held in February 1998, this volume contains fourteen papers that have been revised and updated to cover everything from the impact of the birth control pill to contemporary views on reproduction to the pharmacological properties of various herbal substances, reflecting the historical, contemporary, and anthropological perspectives of this timely and complex issue.

Download or read book Sustainable Sanitation for All written by Petra Bongartz and published by Open Access. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Sanitation for All describes the landscape of sustainability of CLTS as it is now, and reflects on key aspects, challenges, innovations and insights around sustainability. It aims to clarify a future research agenda and gaps in current knowledge, and make recommendations on policy and practice.

Download or read book The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation written by Léo Heller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This analysis of the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation (HRtWS) uncovers why some groups around the world are still excluded from these rights. Léo Heller, former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the human rights to water and sanitation, draws on his own research in nine countries and reviews the theoretical, legal, and political issues involved. The first part presents the origins of the HRtWS, their legal and normative meanings and the debates surrounding them. Part II discusses the drivers, mainly external to the water and sanitation sector, that shape public policies and explain why individuals and groups are included in or excluded from access to services. In Part III, public policies guided by the realization of HRtWS are addressed. Part IV highlights populations and spheres of living that have been particularly neglected in efforts to promote access to services.

Download or read book Gender Time Use and Poverty in Sub Saharan Africa written by C. Mark Blackden and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume examine the links between gender, time use, and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. They contribute to a broader definition of poverty to include "time poverty," and to a broader definition of work to include household work. The papers present a conceptual framework linking both market and household work, review some of the available literature and surveys on time use in Africa, and use tools and approaches drawn from analysis of consumption-based poverty to develop the concept of a time poverty line and to examine linkages between time poverty, consumption poverty, and ot.

Download or read book Sustainable Sanitation for All written by Petra Bongartz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Managed Body written by Chris Bobel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Managed Body productively complicates ‘menstrual hygiene management’ (MHM)—a growing social movement to support menstruating girls in the Global South. Bobel offers an invested critique of the complicated discourses of MHM including its conceptual and practical links with the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) development sector, human rights and ‘the girling of development.’ Drawing on analysis of in-depth interviews, participant observations and the digital materials of NGOs and social businesses, Bobel shows how MHM frames problems and solutions to capture attention and direct resources to this highly-tabooed topic. She asserts that MHM organizations often inadvertently rely upon weak evidence and spectacularized representations to make the claim of a ‘hygienic crisis’ that authorizes rescue. And, she argues, the largely product-based solutions that follow fail to challenge the social construction of the menstrual body as dirty and in need of concealment. While cast as fundamental to preserving girls’ dignity, MHM prioritizes ‘technological fixes’ that teach girls to discipline their developing bodies vis a vis consumer culture, a move that actually accommodates more than it resists the core problem of menstrual stigma.

Download or read book Innovations in WASH Impact Measures written by Evan Thomas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) at its core. A dedicated Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 6) declares a commitment to "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all." Monitoring progress toward this goal will be challenging: direct measures of water and sanitation service quality and use are either expensive or elusive. However, reliance on household surveys poses limitations and likely overstated progress during the Millennium Development Goal period. In Innovations in WASH Impact Measures: Water and Sanitation Measurement Technologies and Practices to Inform the Sustainable Development Goals, we review the landscape of proven and emerging technologies, methods, and approaches that can support and improve on the WASH indicators proposed for SDG target 6.1, "by 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all," and target 6.2, "by 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations." Although some of these technologies and methods are readily available, other promising approaches require further field evaluation and cost reductions. Emergent technologies, methods, and data-sharing platforms are increasingly aligned with program impact monitoring. Improved monitoring of water and sanitation interventions may allow more cost-effective and measurable results. In many cases, technologies and methods allow more complete and impartial data in time to allow program improvements. Of the myriad monitoring and evaluation methods, each has its own advantages and limitations. Surveys, ethnographies, and direct observation give context to more continuous and objective electronic sensor data. Overall, combined methodologies can provide a more comprehensive and instructive depiction of WASH usage and help the international development community measure our progress toward reaching the SDG WASH goals.