Download or read book Proteomics of Microbial Human Pathogens written by Nelson C. Soares and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 infectious diseases and related conditions account for more than 70% of premature deaths across 22 African countries and estimated 450 000 people worldwide developed multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. This alarming situation, of great public health concern, calls for the urgent development of novel and efficient responding strategies. The employment of important research platforms, such as genomics and proteomics, has contributed significant insight into the mechanisms underlying microbial infection and microbe-host interaction. In this Frontiers Research Topic, we aim to produce a timely and pertinent discussion regarding the current status of “Proteomics of microbial Human pathogens” and the role of proteomics in combating the challenges posed by microbial infection and indeed acquired anti-microbial resistance. As the field of proteomics progressed from 2-DE gel based approaches to modern LC-MS/MS based workflows, remarkable advances have been reported in terms of data quantity and quality. Given the immediate and enormous advantages that high resolution and accurate mass spectrometers have brought to the field, proteomics has now evolved into a robust platform capable of generating large amounts of comprehensive data comparable to that reported previously in genomics studies. For example, detection of the complete yeast proteome has been reported and other small proteomes, such as those of bacteria, are within reach. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become an essential tool for biologists and biochemists, and is now considered by many as an essential component of modern structural biology. Additionally, the introduction of high-resolution mass spectrometers has driven the development of various different strategies aimed at accurate quantification of absolute and relative amount of protein(s) of interest. Emerging targeted mass spectrometry methodologies such as; Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM), Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) and SWATH, are perhaps the latest breakthrough within the proteomics community. Indeed, through a label free approach, targeted mass spectrometry offers an unequalled capability to characterize and quantify a specific set of proteins reproducibility, in any biological sample. Usefully, Aebersold and colleagues have recently generated and validated a number of assays to quantify 97% of the 4,012 annotated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins by SRM. As such, the Mtb Proteome library represents a valuable experimental resource that will undoubtedly bring new insight to the complex life cycle of Mtb. Finally, as reviewed recently in Frontiers Research Topic, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has had a tremendous impact on our current understanding of post translational modification (PTM) in bacteria including the key role of PTMs during interaction of pathogenic bacteria and host interactions. We believe that our understanding of microbial Human pathogens has benefited enormously from both 2-DE gel and modern LC-MS/MS based proteomics. It is our wish to produce an integrated discussion surrounding this topic to highlight the existing synergy between these research fields. We envisage this Research Topic as a window to expert opinions and perspectives on the realistic practicalities of proteomics as an important tool to address healthcare problems caused by microbial pathogens.
Download or read book Proteomics of Microbial Human Pathogens written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 infectious diseases and related conditions account for more than 70% of premature deaths across 22 African countries and estimated 450 000 people worldwide developed multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. This alarming situation, of great public health concern, calls for the urgent development of novel and efficient responding strategies. The employment of important research platforms, such as genomics and proteomics, has contributed significant insight into the mechanisms underlying microbial infection and microbe-host interaction. In this Frontiers Research Topic, we aim to produce a timely and pertinent discussion regarding the current status of "Proteomics of microbial Human pathogens" and the role of proteomics in combating the challenges posed by microbial infection and indeed acquired anti-microbial resistance. As the field of proteomics progressed from 2-DE gel based approaches to modern LC-MS/MS based workflows, remarkable advances have been reported in terms of data quantity and quality. Given the immediate and enormous advantages that high resolution and accurate mass spectrometers have brought to the field, proteomics has now evolved into a robust platform capable of generating large amounts of comprehensive data comparable to that reported previously in genomics studies. For example, detection of the complete yeast proteome has been reported and other small proteomes, such as those of bacteria, are within reach. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become an essential tool for biologists and biochemists, and is now considered by many as an essential component of modern structural biology. Additionally, the introduction of high-resolution mass spectrometers has driven the development of various different strategies aimed at accurate quantification of absolute and relative amount of protein(s) of interest. Emerging targeted mass spectrometry methodologies such as; Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM), Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) and SWATH, are perhaps the latest breakthrough within the proteomics community. Indeed, through a label free approach, targeted mass spectrometry offers an unequalled capability to characterize and quantify a specific set of proteins reproducibility, in any biological sample. Usefully, Aebersold and colleagues have recently generated and validated a number of assays to quantify 97% of the 4,012 annotated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins by SRM. As such, the Mtb Proteome library represents a valuable experimental resource that will undoubtedly bring new insight to the complex life cycle of Mtb. Finally, as reviewed recently in Frontiers Research Topic, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has had a tremendous impact on our current understanding of post translational modification (PTM) in bacteria including the key role of PTMs during interaction of pathogenic bacteria and host interactions. We believe that our understanding of microbial Human pathogens has benefited enormously from both 2-DE gel and modern LC-MS/MS based proteomics. It is our wish to produce an integrated discussion surrounding this topic to highlight the existing synergy between these research fields. We envisage this Research Topic as a window to expert opinions and perspectives on the realistic practicalities of proteomics as an important tool to address healthcare problems caused by microbial pathogens.
Download or read book Proteomics of Microorganisms written by Michael Hecker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-18 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with the discovery of penicillin, other antibiotics, and insulin, the quest for understanding and use of biological systems, i. e. , microorganisms and ani mal tissue, for the production of value products has lead to a dramatic increase in microbiological and bioengineering research in the last decades. Chemical and pharmaceutical companies quickly realized the huge commercial potential of these bioproducts and have spent millions of US dollars on R &D as well as on a build up of production facilities. Although there was limited knowledge about the cell's molecular mechanisms, which are the basis for the formation of the desired products, products from fermentation and extraction of biological matrices were a success right from the start. R&D projects within industry and academia on the continuous improvement of production processes, especially microbial productivity and down stream processing, allowed a fast return of investment and secured competitiveness in the market. Whereas the focus of such research projects was mainly on the discovery of strains with higher pro ductivity for the product of interest, e. g. , antibiotics, a lot of expertise and knowledge was generated allowing the use of biotechnological products and processes outside the pharmaceutical arena. The tremendous increase in knowl edge and the technological developments in microbial genetics where driven by these research projects and, accompanied with the advancements in nucleotide chemistry leading to a much better understanding of intracellular processes, served as a basis for modern molecular biology and recombinant biotech nology.
Download or read book Proteomics for Studying Foodborne Microorganisms and Their Impact on Food Quality and Human Health written by Rosa Anna Siciliano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foodborne microorganisms play a pivotal role in mediating the tight relation between food and human health from a dual perspective. In fact, notwithstanding the introduction of strict regulations and new technologies to ensure food quality and safety, foodborne pathogens continue to cause infections and diseases and represent a serious public health concern, while spoilage bacteria can severely affect food quality thus leading to major industry and commercial losses. On the other hand, probiotics positively affect human health, promoting digestion and uptake of dietary nutrients, strengthening intestinal barrier function, modulating immune response and enhancing antagonism towards pathogens. Nowadays, proteomics represents a key discipline to perform high-throughput studies in the field of food microbiology and enables the most accurate identification of complex networks of proteins involved in the cell adaptation to different growth conditions as well as in beneficial or harmful effects on human health. The present eBook offers an overview of the most up to date proteomic methodologies and further assesses the strength of proteomics in exploring different aspects of the foodborne microorganism life-style and defining biomarkers of food quality and safety.
Download or read book Proteomics of Microbial Pathogens written by Peter R. Jungblut and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-quality research articles on proteomic analyses of microbial pathogens, made available in a handy form. Containing proven, high-quality research articles selected from the popular PROTEOMICS journal, this is a current overview of the latest research into the proteomics analysis of microbial pathogens as well as several review articles.
Download or read book Physical and Functional Protein Interactomes of Pathogenic Gram negative Bacteria written by Sarah L. Keasey and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein interactomes of microbial pathogens comprise the total interactions of proteins that occur within the cell, and are roadmaps to the molecular processes and biochemical pathways that govern cellular functions and virulence. By examining isolated binary protein complexes in a cell-free environment, systems-level networks can be constructed from the bottom-up. Alternatively, by starting with the proteome, a systems-level network can be broken down from the top to identify interactions within whole cells. I explored these experimental methods with two Gram-negative pathogens, Yersinia pestis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. I used a proteome microarray of the plague bacterium Y. pestis to generate a database of>77,000 binary protein interactions. The database provided a means to understand Y. pestis proteins in the context of cognate interaction partners and a foundation to model the Y. pestis interactome from the bottom-up. I integrated sequence-based comparisons of homology, pathways analysis, protein abundance measurements, and transcript expression levels to reveal complexes and pathways involved in replication, biosynthesis, virulence, metabolism, and other diverse biological processes. To understand the proteomic response of bacteria that may circumvent antibiotic treatment with drugs that inhibit the ribosome, I developed a culture-based model of persistent infections with an invasive strain of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing K. pneumoniae to identify drug-specific networks from the top-down. The proteomes of cells that were tolerant to streptomycin or doxycycline, identified by label-free mass spectrometry, indicated fluctuations ({plusmn}2-fold) in the abundance of>600 proteins. I integrated pathways analysis, transcription factor binding sites, and experimental validation of predicted networks to reveal distinct bacterial responses that were exclusive of the anticipated ribosomal target and were unique to each drug. Because many hypothetical proteins were detected in the proteomic datasets of Y. pestis and K. pneumoniae, my results expand proteome annotation for these under-studied organisms. The approaches described here illustrate the application of proteome-scale interactomes for the prediction of networks that function within important human pathogens. Importantly, the interactomes of these Gram-negative pathogens are a potential source of targets for the development of new antimicrobials and vaccines, and offer considerations for understanding the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria.
Download or read book Microbial Pathogens and Human Diseases written by N A Khan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-01-05 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise but comprehensive description of human infectious diseases due to microbial pathogens, from a physicians and a microbiologists point of view, as well as providing an understanding of the use of microbial pathogens as biological weapons. It is indispensable for students, physicians, medical and nursing staff, and infecti
Download or read book MALDI TOF and Tandem MS for Clinical Microbiology written by Haroun N. Shah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the triumph of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry over the past decade and provides insight into new and expanding technologies through a comprehensive range of short chapters that enable the reader to gauge their current status and how they may progress over the next decade. This book serves as a platform to consolidate current strengths of the technology and highlight new frontiers in tandem MS/MS that are likely to eventually supersede MALDI-TOF MS. Chapters discuss: Challenges of Identifying Mycobacterium to the Species level Identification of Bacteroides and Other Clinically Relevant Anaerobes Identification of Species in Mixed Microbial Populations Detection of Resistance Mechanisms Proteomics as a biomarker discovery and validation platform Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Download or read book Pathogenicity and Drug Resistance of Human Pathogens written by Saif Hameed and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book comprehensively discusses the mechanisms of pathogenesis and drug resistance; current diagnostics landscape of four key human pathogens; bacterial, fungal, protozoans and viral which are the causes of major infectious diseases. It also assesses the emerging technologies for the detection and quantification of these pathogens. Further, it discusses the novel opportunities to fight against these infectious diseases and to identify pertinent drug targets with novel methodologies. It also reviews the current and future insights into the control, elimination, and eradication of these infectious diseases. Importantly, the book discusses the epidemiological characteristics and various challenges in combating Ebola and Influenza diseases. Finally, the book highlights the growing role of nanotechnology and bioinformatics resources for combating the infectious diseases. In summary, the book provides the mechanistic insight of the pathogenicity, drug-resistance, therapeutic strategies and identification of the novel drug targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium, Candida, Hepatitis C and emerging viral infections.
Download or read book Between Pathogenicity and Commensalism written by Ulrich Dobrindt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, interdisciplinary book covers different aspects of relevant human pathogens and commensals. The ongoing development of (meta-)genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms and their host interaction provides a comprehensive introduction to the microbiological analysis of host-microbe interplay and its consequences for infection or commensalism.
Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
Download or read book Host Pathogen Interaction written by Gottfried Unden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the rapidity increasing incidence rate of bacterial and fungal infections with multi-resistant pathogens, the metabolic changes associated with host-pathogen interactions offer one of the most promising starting points for developing novel antibiotics. . Part one of this comprehensive guide describes the metabolic adaptation of pathogenic microbes in humans, while part two points to routes for the development of novel antibiotics. This is volume six of the book series on drug discovery in infectious diseases by Paul Selzer.
Download or read book Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000 written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proteomic Characterisation of Surface Proteins in Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria written by Megan Anne Rees and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proteomic approach was used to characterise proteins expressed by several species of the Corynebacteriacae family, including the significant human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The surface of a bacterium is its first point of contact with the environment and importantly the host. Therefore identifying surface proteins should provide insights into the disease process. The membrane shaving approach has been developed to target the bacterial surface. This method was successfully optimised and applied to C. glutamicum, C. pseudotuberculosis and M. tuberculosis. The cell wall is not disrupted by this method, which allowed a series of experiments to characterise the topology of proteins within the cell wall. Strains of C. glutamicum with defined cell wall defects underwent membrane shaving, revealing a group of proteins identified only in these mutant strains. These proteins had features that suggested they resided in a deeper layer of the mycobacterial cell wall. The use of living cells in the membrane shaving technique allowed a cross-sectional characterisation of the surface proteome under different environmental conditions. The surface protein repertoire was examined in bacteria exposed to an acid environment and also bacteria directly harvested from the host. Additionally differences in the host protein milieu surrounding these bacteria were able to be characterised. M. tuberculosis is a successful human pathogen, and is likely to possess many features that may be absent from the non- pathogenic C. glutamicum. C. pseudotuberculosis was selected as a model organism for M. tuberculosis because of its genetic similarity to C. glutamicum. A comprehensive genome and surface proteome comparison was made between these species, demonstrating greater variation in expressed proteins than predicted differences in the genome, including the identification of known virulence factors. Thus, characterising features that may mediate pathogenicity. Differences were also demonstrated between strains of the same species. Isotopic labelling with dimethylation was used to perform a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the whole proteome of several field strains of C. pseudotuberculosis in contrast to a laboratory reference strain. This comprehensive cross-sectional analysis of expressed proteins identified several groups of proteins that were present in greater quantities in the field strains, these were often proteins with specific metabolic functions. Production of these proteins may be increased to deal with the hostile, nutrient-poor environment of the infected host. The surface proteome of the human pathogen M. tuberculosis was defined with the membrane shaving method. Differences between clinical and laboratory references stains were also observed. Several clinical isolates of two different genotypic lineages of M. tuberculosis were compared with a label-free quantitative analysis, identifying proteins with increased expression. The proteomic approach described in this thesis takes advantage of the dynamic nature of the bacterial proteome to identify significant differences that occur between related bacterial species, between different strains with in a species and under different environmental conditions. This has identified proteins involved in the disease process and has resulted in a list proteins of interest that would be worthy of further characterisation, and which ultimately may include novel therapeutic targets.
Download or read book The Human Microbiome Diet and Health written by Food Forum and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.
Download or read book Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-03 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.
Download or read book Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens. Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples. This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application. The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â
