Download or read book Proteoglycan Protocols written by Renato V. Iozzo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteoglycans are some of the most elaborate macromolecules of mammalian and lower organisms. The covalent attachment of at least five types of glycosami- glycan side chains to more than forty individual protein cores makes these molecules quite complex and endows them with a multitude of biological functions. Proteoglycan Protocols offers a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of prepa- tive and analytical methods for the in-depth analysis of proteoglycans. Featuring st- by-step detailed protocols, this book will enable both novice and experienced researchers to isolate intact proteoglycans from tissues and cultured cells, to establish the composition of their carbohydrate moieties, to generate strategies for prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression, to utilize methods for the suppression of specific proteoglycan gene expression and for the detection of mutant cells and degradation products, and to study specific interactions between proteoglycans and extracellular matrix proteins as well as growth factors and their receptors. The readers will find concise, yet comprehensive techniques carefully drafted by leading experts in the field. Each chapter commences with a general Introduction, followed by a detailed Materials section, and an easy-to-follow Methods section. An asset of each chapter is the extensive notation that includes troubleshooting tips and practical considerations that are often lacking in formal methodology papers. The reader will find this section most valuable because it is clearly provided by experienced scientists who have first-hand knowledge of the techniques they outline. In addition, most of the chapters are well illustrated with examples of typical data generated with each method.
Download or read book Methods in Cell Matrix Adhesion written by Josephine Adams and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-06-12 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critically acclaimed for more than 25 years, the Methods in Cell Biology series provides an indispensable tool for the researcher. Each volume is carefully edited by experts to contain state-of-the-art reviews and step-by-step protocols. Techniques are described completely so that methods are made accessible to users. This volume, Methods of Cell-Matrix Adhesion, contains integrated coverage on cell-matrix adhesion methods. It brings the classical methodologies and the latest techniques together in one concise volume. This coverage includes experimental protocols and their conceptual background for all aspects of cell-matrix adhesion research: the extracellular matrix, adhesion receptors, and the growing number of functional applications of matrix-adhesion in molecular cell biology. Also covered is the purification of the extracellular matrix to functional analyses of cellular responses.
Download or read book The Protein Protocols Handbook written by John M. Walker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-10-02 with total page 1099 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Protein Protocols Handbook, Second Edition aims to provide a cross-section of analytical techniques commonly used for proteins and peptides, thus providing a benchtop manual and guide for those who are new to the protein chemistry laboratory and for those more established workers who wish to use a technique for the first time. All chapters are written in the same format as that used in the Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series. Each chapter opens with a description of the basic theory behind the method being described. The Materials section lists all the chemicals, reagents, buffers, and other materials necessary for carrying out the protocol. Since the principal goal of the book is to provide experimentalists with a full account of the practical steps necessary for carrying out each protocol successfully, the Methods section contains detailed st- by-step descriptions of every protocol that should result in the successful execution of each method. The Notes section complements the Methods material by indicating how best to deal with any problem or difficulty that may arise when using a given technique, and how to go about making the widest variety of modifications or alterations to the protocol. Since the first edition of this book was published in 1996 there have, of course, been significant developments in the field of protein chemistry.
Download or read book Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans written by 978-3-03842-836-7 and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans" that was published in Pharmaceuticals
Download or read book Proteoglycans written by Nikos K. Karamanos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-20 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of strategies, reproducible methods, and protocols for the in-depth analysis of Proteoglycans (PGs) and their glycan part, the GAGs. Chapters are divided into three parts detailing GAGs in biological specimens, protocols for the evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo effects of PGs/GAGs, and protocols for compounds related with the metabolic enzymes, epigenetic regulation, and PGs/GAGs-based inhibitors. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Cutting-edge and thorough, Proteoglycans: Methods and Protocols aims to provide information on the elucidated the structural and functional aspects of the complex matrix macromolecules such as the proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans.
Download or read book Matrix Metalloproteinase Protocols written by Ian M. Clark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in the matrix metalloproteinase field began with the demonstration by Gross and Lapière, in 1962, that resorbing tadpole tail expressed an enzyme that could degrade collagen gels. These humble beginnings have led us to the elucidation of around twenty distinct vertebrate MMPs, along with a variety of homologs from such diverse organisms as sea urchin, plants, nematode worm, and bacteria. This, coupled with four known specific inhibitors of MMPs, the TIMPs, gives a complex picture. Part I of Matrix Metalloproteinase Protocols provides the reader with a selective overview of the MMP arena, and a chance to come to grips with where the field has been, where it is, and where it is going. I hope that this complements all of the methodology that comes later. Part II presents the reader with a diverse set of methods for the expression and purification of MMPs and TIMPs, bringing together the long and often hard-earned experience of a number of researchers. Part III allows the reader to detect MMPs and TIMPs at both the protein and mRNA level, whereas Part IV gives the ability to assay MMP and TIMP activities in a wide variety of circumstances.
Download or read book Chondroitin Sulfate written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-06-28 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CS is an unbranched, polydisperse, complex glycosaminoglycan extracted and purified from various tissues. This polyanion is interacting with both plasma and cells, it is able to modulate many biochemical and physiologic processes. Due to the presence of sulfate groups in different amounts and located in various positions, CS represents a very heterogeneous family of polysaccharides. therefore, the preparative approach and the analytical techniques are of paramount importance to produce CS with specific structure and properties and of pharmaceutical grade.*Includes recent technologies and methodologies to study and understand the structure and properties of chondroitin sulfate (CS)*Authoritative contributors from the scientific community with expertise in the field of CS and complex polysaccharides*Detailed and accurate figures to describe and illustrate complex molecular and macromolecular structures and properties
Download or read book Neurotrophin Protocols written by Robert A. Rush and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen an extraordinary growth in research interest in neurotrophic factors, and the study of the neurotrophin family has led this activity. Nevertheless, this area of research has often struggled as a result of techniques that were either inadequate or just emerging from other research fields and disciplines. Neurotrophin Protocols has brought together many leaders in the neurotrophin field who detail their special expertise in a wide variety of techniques. Though most procedures are valid across many diff- ent fields of research, some of those described here have been developed to address particular issues within the neurotrophic factor field. The protocols cover a broad range of biochemical, histological, and biological techniques that are often required by the modern laboratory. However, all have been written with sufficient detail to allow any laboratory to achieve proficiency without need of reference to other texts. Neurotrophin Protocols is divided into four sections dealing with p- tein, RNA, recombinant, and in vivo techniques. Protein techniques have in general been less successfully employed than those dealing with RNA or DNA. However, procedures that achieve localization and quantification of the neurotrophins are now being used more extensively. Their inclusion here should assist further studies at the protein level. Transgenic cell lines and animals are commonplace in the scientific research literature, but their inc- sion in several chapters in this book provide some novel uses that are not readily available elsewhere.
Download or read book Genomics Protocols written by Michael P. Starkey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We must unashamedly admit that a large part of the motivation for editing Genomics Protocols was selfish. The possibility of assembling in a single volume a unique and comprehensive collection of complete protocols, relevant to our work and the work of our colleagues, was too good an opportunity to miss. We are pleased to report, however, that the outcome is something of use not only to those who are experienced practitioners in the genomics field, but is also valuable to the larger community of researchers who have recognized the potential of genomics research and may themselves be beginning to explore the technologies involved. Some of the techniques described in Genomics Protocols are clearly not restricted to the genomics field; indeed, a prerequisite for many procedures in this discipline is that they require an extremely high throughput, beyond the scope of the average investigator. However, what we have endeavored here to achieve is both to compile a collection of procedures concerned with geno- scale investigations and to incorporate the key components of “bottom-up” and “top-down” approaches to gene finding. The technologies described extend from those traditionally recognized as coming under the genomics umbrella, touch on proteomics (the study of the expressed protein complement of the genome), through to early therapeutic approaches utilizing the potential of genome programs via gene therapy (Chapters 27–30).
Download or read book Adipose Tissue Protocols written by Gérard Ailhaud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adipose tissue is recognized to be exquisitely sensitive to hormone action, and is also now recognized as a secretory and endocrine organ required for reproduction and good health. Adipocytes are “smart” cells able within the tissue to communicate with surrounding cells, but also with various organs, particularly via leptin acting on the central nervous system. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) are known to be distinct tissues, whereas the heterogeneity of WAT depots is well est- lished. Unfortunately, excess WAT leads to obesity, which is the most common health problem in industrialized countries. Therefore, from both a scientific and a technical point of view, the time has come to create a survey of adipose tissues and their neglected adipocytes. In Adipose Tissue Protocols, I have attempted to gather together chapters from all areas of adipose tissue research—from in vivo to in vitro studies—and to provide methods covering a wide variety of techniques, including the choice of adipose tissue depot and of morphological techniques for the study of BAT and WAT; the isolation, subcellular fractionation, and transfection of adipocytes where the low density of these cells must be taken into account; assays of nutrient and ion fluxes and the metabolic aspects of nutrient uptake; assays of lipid-related enzymes; biopsies and quantification of lipid-related mRNAs; cultures of adipose precursor cells from WAT and BAT of various species, including human tissue; measurements of adipose secretory products; and assessment of WAT metabolism in vivo.
Download or read book Mycotoxin Protocols written by Mary W. Trucksess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins produced by molds are common contaminants of many important crops, including wheat, corn, rice, and peanuts. Some mycotoxins are found in fruits and vegetables. These contaminants have a broad range of toxic effects, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. The occurrence of mycotoxins in foods is an unavoidable worldwide problem. About 80 countries have imposed regulatory limits to minimize human and animal exposure to mycotoxins. Regulatory limits, including international standards, have tremendous economic impact and must be developed using science-based risk assessments. The purpose of Mycotoxin Protocols is to provide the scientific and technological basis for analytical methods for use in obtaining the exposure data needed for risk assessments. Mycotoxin Protocols is divided into four sections, which are interc- nected. The first section: Chapters 1–5 describe the general techniques for mycotoxin analysis with emphasis on the importance of method validation based on statistical parameters; sampling procedures for collecting a sample as representative as possible of a bulk lot; the isolation of mycotoxins for use as analytical standards or for toxicological studies; the evaluation of purity and preparation of standards; and the detection and identification of impu- ties in isolated mycotoxins. Sections 2–4: Chapters 6–19 describe the most current chromatographic and immunochemical methods for studies on the major mycotoxins.
Download or read book Gene Knockout Protocols written by Martin J. Tymms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the major task of sequencing the human genome is near completion and full complement of human genes are catalogued, attention will be focused on the ultimate goal: to understand the normal biological functions of these genes, and how alterations lead to disease states. In this task there is a severe limitation in working with human material, but the mouse has been adopted as the favored animal model because of the available genetic resources and the highly conserved gene conservation linkage organization. In just of ten years since the first gene-targeting experiments were p- formed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and mutations transmitted through the mouse germline, more than a thousand mouse strains have been created. These achievements have been made possible by pioneering work that showed that ES cells derived from preimplantation mouse embryos could be cultured for prolonged periods without differentiation in culture, and that homologous rec- bination between targeting constructs and endogenous DNA occurred at a f- quency sufficient for recombinants to be isolated. In the next few years the mouse genome will be systematically altered, and the techniques for achi- ing manipulations are constantly being streamlined and improved.
Download or read book DNA Topoisomerase Protocols written by Neil Osheroff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the Escherichia coli ? protein, or bacterial DNA topoisomerase I, an ever-increasing number of enzymes have been identified that catalyze changes in the linkage of DNA strands. DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitous in nature and have been shown to play critical roles in most p- cesses involving DNA, including DNA replication, transcription, and rec- bination. These enzymes further constitute the cellular targets of a number of clinically important antibacterial and anticancer agents. Thus, further studies of DNA topology and DNA topoisomerases are critical to advance our und- standing of the basic biological processes required for cell cycle progression, cell division, genomic stability, and development. In addition, these studies will continue to provide critical insights into the cytotoxic action of drugs that target DNA topoisomerases. Such mechanistic studies have already played an important role in the development and clinical application of antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agents. The two volumes of DNA Topoisomerase Protocols are designed to help new and established researchers investigate all aspects of DNA topology and the function of these enzymes. The chapters are written by prominent investigators in the field and provide detailed background information and st- by-step experimental protocols. The topics covered in Part I: DNA Topology and Enzymes, range from detailed methods to analyze various aspects of DNA structure, from linking number, knotting/unknotting, site-specific recombi- tion, and decatenation to the overexpression and purification of bacterial and eukaryotic DNA topoisomerases from a variety of cell systems and tissues.
Download or read book Cytoskeleton Methods and Protocols written by Ray H. Gavin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades experimental studies have solidified the int- pretation of the cytoskeleton as a highly dynamic network of microtubules, actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and myosin filaments. Rather than a network of disparate fibers, these polymers are often interconnected and display synergy, which is the combined action of two or more cytoskeletal polymers to achieve a specific cellular structure or function. Cross-commu- cation among cytoskeletal polymers is thought to be achieved through cytoskeletal polymer accessory proteins and molecular motors that bind two or more cytoskeletal polymers. Development of the modern concept of the cytoskeleton is a direct o- growth of advances in experimental tools and reagents that are available to cell and molecular biologists. Technological advances and refinements in cell imaging have made it possible to selectively image a single cytoskeletal po- mer and monitor its dynamics through the use of fluorescence probes in vitro and in vivo. Two decades ago, cytoskeletal research was limited to a few perturbation reagents that included colchicine and cytochalasin. Today, the perturbation arsenal has expanded to a highly selective group of reagents that includes Taxol, nocodazole, benomyl, latrunculin, jasplakinolide, and such endogenous proteins as gelsolin. These reagents enable the investigator to selectively perturb or destroy a cytoskeletal polymer while leaving other cytoskeletal polymers intact. Site-specific monoclonal antibodies that target a specific cytoskeletal polymer have proven to be highly selective affinity tools for cytoskeletal research.
Download or read book Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols written by Walter A. Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunotoxins represent a new class of human therapeutics that have widespread applications and a potential that has not yet been fully recognized since they were first conceived of by Paul Ehrlich in 1906. The majority of advances in the development and implementation of immunotoxins has occurred over the last 20 years. The reasons for this use of immunotoxins in basic science and clinical research are the powerful concurrent advances in genetic engineering and receptor physiology. Recombinant technology has allowed investigators to produce sufficient quantities of a homogeneous c- pound that allows clinical trials to be performed. The identification of specific receptors on malignant cell types has enabled scientists to generate immunotoxins that have had positive results in clinical trials. As more cellular targets are identified in coming years, additional trials will be conducted in different disease states affecting still larger patient populations. Modulation of the immune system to decrease the humoral response to immunotoxins may improve their overall efficacy. As increasingly more effective compounds are generated, it will be necessary to decrease the local and systemic toxicity - sociated with these agents, and methods for doing so are presently being - veloped. The work presented in Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols focuses on three specific areas of immunotoxin investigation that are being conducted by experts throughout the world. The first section describes the construction and development of a variety of immunotoxins.
Download or read book Connexin Methods and Protocols written by Roberto Bruzzone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct cell–cell communication is a common property of multicellular organisms that is achieved through membrane channels which are organized in gap junctions. The protein subunits of these intercellular channels, the connexins, form a multigene family that has been investigated in great detail in recent years. It has now become clear that, in different tissues, connexins speak several languages that control specific cellular functions. This progress has been made possible by the availability of new molecular tools and the improvement of basic techniques for the study of membrane channels, as well as by the use of genetic approaches to study protein function in vivo. More important, connexins have gained visibility because mutations in some connexin genes have been found to be linked to human genetic disorders. Connexin Methods and Protocols presents in detail a collection of te- niques currently used to study the cellular and molecular biology of connexins and their physiological properties. The field of gap junctions and connexin research has always been characterized by a multidisciplinary approach c- bining morphology, biochemistry, biophysics, and cellular and molecular biology. This book provides a series of cutting-edge protocols and includes a large spectrum of practical methods that are available to investigate the fu- tion of connexin channels. Connexin Methods and Protocols is divided into three main parts.
Download or read book Amino Acid Analysis Protocols written by Catherine Cooper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of classic and cutting-edge techniques of high utility in answering specific biological questions about amino acids. Common methods include those based on HPLC or gas chromatography separation and analysis after precolumn derivatization. New techniques based on capillary electrophoresis separation, high-performance anion exchange chromatography, and mass spectrometry are also presented. Each method is described in step-by-step detail to ensure successful experimental results and emphasizes sample preparation, particularly the collection and storage of bodily fluids. Up-to-date and highly practical, Amino Acid Analysis Protocols offers analytical and clinical chemists, as well as a broad range of biological and biomedical investigators, a rich compendium of laboratory tools for the productive analysis of both common and uncommon amino acids.
