Download or read book Protecting the Ozone Layer Methyl bromide written by Industry and Environment Programme Activity Centre and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 1998 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternatives to Methyl Bromide written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2001 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl bromide, a potent pest control chemical, was identified as an ozone depleting substance (ODS) in 1972. The phase out of this toxic chemical presents a special challenge. To replace methyl bromide, users around the world must have access to reliable and useful technical information. This publication was produced by the United Nations Environment Programme to promote the methyl bromide phase out. It allows the reader to carefully and thoroughly assess many available alternatives and decide on the best option for their situation. The publication also provides addresses of suppliers and specialists in alternatives; references and websites; and contacts for implementing agencies.
Download or read book Protecting the Ozone Layer written by Edward A. Parson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive history of international efforts to protect the ozone layer, the greatest success yet achieved in managing human impacts on the global environment. Its arguments about how this success was achieved are both theoretically novel and of great significance for the management of other global problems, particularly global climate change. The book provides an account of the ozone-depletion issues from the first attempts to develop international action in the 1970s to the mature functioning of the present international regime. It examines the parallel developments of politics and negotiations, scientific understanding and controversy, technological progress, and industry strategy that shaped the issue's development and its effective management. In addition, the book offers important new insights into how the interactions among these domains influenced the formation and adaptation of the ozone regime. Addressing the initial formation of the regime, the book argues that authoritative scientific assessments were crucial in constraining policy debates and shaping negotiated agreements. Assessments gave scientific claims an ability to change policy actors' behavior that the claims themselves, however well known and verified, lacked. Concerning subsequent adaptation of the regime, the book identifies a series of feedbacks between the periodic revision of chemical controls and the strategic responses of affected industries, which drove rapid application of new approaches to reduce ozone-depleting chemicals. These feedbacks, promoted by the regime's novel technology assessment process, allowed worldwide use of the chemicals to decline further and faster than even the boldest predictions, by nearly 95 percent within ten years.
Download or read book The status of methyl bromide under the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes the transcript of the U.S. Congress subcommittee hearing held in June 2003 that discussed the status of the compound methyl bromide as it pertains to the Montreal Protocol and the Clean Air Act. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The Clean Air Act is a U.S. federal law designed to control air pollution on a national level. Methyl bromide (MeBr) is an odorless, colorless gas that has been used as a soil fumigant and structural fumigant to control pests across a wide range of sectors. Because MeBr depletes the stratospheric ozone layer, the amount of MeBr produced and imported in the U.S. was reduced incrementally until it was phased out completely by January 1, 2005, pursuant to the U.S.'s obligation under the Montreal Protocol and the Clean Air Act.
Download or read book Protecting the Ozone Layer written by Stephen O. Andersen and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2012 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1970s the world became aware of a huge danger: the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer by CFCs escaping into the atmosphere, and the damage this could do to human health and the food chain. So great was the threat that by 1987 the UN had succeeded in coordinating an international treaty to phase out emissions; which, over the following 15 years has been implemented. It has been hailed as an outstanding success. It needed the participation of all the parties: governments, industry, scientists, campaigners, NGOs and the media, and is a model for future treaties. This volume provides the authoritative and comprehensive history of the whole process from the earliest warning signs to the present. It is an invaluable record for all those involved and a necessary reference for future negotiations to a wide range of scholars, students and professionals.
Download or read book Protecting the Ozone Layer written by Philippe G. Le Prestre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects Since the mid-1980s, the international community has adopted several significant instruments designed to reverse the degradation of the life support systems of the planet. None of these international agreements have been as successful as the 1987 Montreal Protocol in creating the incentives and mechanisms for protecting the ozone layer. Through the efforts of industry, government and public interest groups, national commitments and achievements have progressed further and faster than expected, while the list of controlled chemicals has expanded. Now in its second decade, the Protocol enters a crucial phase of its implementation. Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects presents a wealth of information about the scientific, legal-political, and technological hurdles that we will have to overcome if humanity is to reverse its self-destructive course. The technology section in particular should appeal to industries affected by ozone layer protection as well as those affected by climate protection, since this is the first ozone publication featuring insights by the companies that spearheaded the major technological breakthroughs. Every initiative to improve the environmental performance of industry has been accompanied by pronouncements of economic devastation, from acid rain to auto emissions standards, from auto mileage improvements to the protection of the ozone layer. Each new initiative brought claims from industry that this situation was different, yet none of their predictions have come true. At a time when industry fights efforts to protect the environment, the ozone experience shows both how technical breakthroughs have enabled environmental protection policies to work in the past and how they will work again in the future. Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models, and Prospects is the product of a Colloquium that was organized in September 1997 to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Montreal Protocol. Contributions have been gathered from researchers and practitioners in the field, including some of the very same scientists whose work awakened the international community to the seriousness of the danger that humanity now faces. Other contributors include the scholars and diplomats who wrote and negotiated the text of the Protocol and its amendments, and the key figures who have been influential in convincing industry to support the process.
Download or read book Regulations to Control Ozone Depleting Substances written by OzonAction Programme and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2000 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the experience of 58 developed and developing countries around the globe, this guidebook provides a concise overview of the ozone protection regulations. Besides providing a core knowledge about regulations worldwide, it should also stimulate the reader to further investigate different policy options and facilitate contact with focal points in other countries who already have experience with developing similar measures.
Download or read book Protection of Stratospheric Ozone The 2009 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide Us Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Epa 2018 Edition written by Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2009 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2009 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 This final rule authorizes uses of methyl bromide that qualify for the 2009 critical use exemption and the amount of methyl bromide that may be produced, imported, or supplied from existing pre-phaseout inventory for those uses in 2009. EPA is taking action under the authority of the Clean Air Act to reflect a consensus decision taken at the Nineteenth Meeting of by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. This book contains: - The complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2009 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Protection of Stratospheric Ozone 2013 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide Us Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Epa 2018 Edition written by Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - 2010 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - 2010 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 This final rule authorizes uses of methyl bromide that qualify for the 2010 critical use exemption and the amount of methyl bromide that may be produced, imported, or supplied from existing pre-phaseout inventory for those uses in 2010. EPA is taking action under the authority of the Clean Air Act to reflect a recent consensus decision taken by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer at the Twentieth Meeting of the Parties. This book contains: - The complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - 2010 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion written by Larry Parker and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For two decades, scientists have been warning that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons (bromine-containing fluorocarbons) may deplete the stratospheric ozone shield that screens out some of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet rays and thus regulates the amounts which reach the Earth's surface. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, and outside the United States, as aerosol propellants; Halons are used primarily as fire-fighting agents. Increased radiation could result in an increase in skin cancers, suppression of the human immune system, and decreased productivity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, including some commercially important crops. This book deals with implementation, policy issues and phase out of methyl bromide. In September 1987, 47 countries (including the United States) agreed to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which first required controls on the world's consumption of ozone depleting substances. Over 160 countries have signed on to the Protocol, whose phasedown schedule for developed countries was accelerated twice and completely phased out Halon production at the end of 1994 and CFC production at the end of 1995. The Protocol's coverage has also been extended to include hydrochlorofluorocarbons and other chlorine- and bromine-containing substances such as some solvents and methyl bromide, a widely used soil fumigant.
Download or read book Methyl Bromide Phase out Strategies written by Kristin Schafer and published by United Nations Environment Programme. This book was released on 1999 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protection of Stratospheric Ozone The 2007 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide Us Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Epa 2018 Edition written by Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2007 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2007 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 EPA is finalizing an exemption to the phaseout of methyl bromide to meet the needs of 2007 critical uses. Specifically, EPA is authorizing uses that will qualify for the 2007 critical use exemption and the amount of methyl bromide that may be produced, imported, or supplied from inventory for those uses in 2007. EPA is taking action under the authority of the Clean Air Act to reflect recent consensus Decisions taken by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Protocol) at the 17th Meeting of the Parties (MOP). This book contains: - The complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2007 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Protection of Stratospheric Ozone 2014 and 2015 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide Us Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Epa 2018 Edition written by Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - 2014 and 2015 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - 2014 and 2015 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorizing uses that qualify for the critical use exemption and the amount of methyl bromide that may be produced or imported for those uses for both the 2014 and 2015 control periods. EPA is taking this action under the authority of the Clean Air Act to reflect consensus decisions of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer at the Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Meetings of the Parties. EPA is also amending the regulatory framework to remove provisions related to sale of pre-phaseout inventory for critical uses. This book contains: - The complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - 2014 and 2015 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Protection of Stratospheric Ozone The 2006 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide Us Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Epa 2018 Edition written by Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2006 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2006 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 EPA is taking final action to exempt methyl bromide production and import for 2006 critical uses. Specifically, EPA is authorizing uses that will qualify for the 2006 critical use exemption, and the amount of methyl bromide that may be produced, imported, or made available from inventory for those uses in 2006. EPA's action is taken under the authority of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and reflects recent consensus Decisions taken by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Protocol) at the 16th and 17th Meetings of the Parties (MOPs) and the 2nd Extraordinary Meeting of the Parties (ExMOP). This book contains: - The complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2006 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2006 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protection of Stratospheric Ozone The 2008 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide Us Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Epa 2018 Edition written by Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2008 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2008 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 EPA is finalizing an exemption to the phaseout of methyl bromide to meet the needs of 2008 critical uses. Specifically, EPA is authorizing uses that qualify for the 2008 critical use exemption and the amount of methyl bromide that may be produced, imported, or supplied from existing pre-phaseout inventory for those uses in 2008. EPA is taking action under the authority of the Clean Air Act to reflect recent consensus decisions taken by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer at the 18th Meeting of the Parties. This book contains: - The complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2008 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Protection of Stratospheric Ozone The 2011 Critical Use Exemption from the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide Us Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Epa 2018 Edition written by Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2011 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2011 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 EPA is finalizing uses that qualify for the 2011 critical use exemption and the amount of methyl bromide that may be produced, imported, or supplied from existing pre-phaseout inventory for those uses in 2011. EPA is taking this action under the authority of the Clean Air Act to reflect a recent consensus decision taken by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer at the Twenty-First Meeting of the Parties. This book contains: - The complete text of the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone - The 2011 Critical Use Exemption From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
